The document discusses tsunami detection methods including:
1. Current methods use deep water pressure sensors anchored to the seafloor which can detect tsunami-induced pressure changes but have high costs and maintenance needs.
2. A proposed coastal alert system uses anchored buoys that detect the receding water of an approaching tsunami wave and trigger alarms to warn local communities.
3. Another proposal involves deployable underwater sensors that are dropped from buoys after seismic events to take pressure readings at multiple depths in a lower-cost and more redundant method.
This document discusses tsunamis and tsunami warning systems. It defines a tsunami as a series of ocean waves generated by earthquakes or other disturbances under the sea. It then provides examples of historic tsunamis in locations like Lisbon, Japan, and India. The document goes on to explain that tsunami warning systems were first attempted in Hawaii in the 1920s and have since been improved. Major warning centers include the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center and the National Tsunami Warning Center. After the devastating 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, several regional warning systems were also established.
This paper describes the system components that make up the second-generation Deep-Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis system, known as DART II1.
Tsunami data from the DART system can be combined with seismic data ingested into a forecast model to generate accurate tsunami forecasts for coastal areas2.
The motivation for developing a transportable, real-time, deep ocean tsunami measurement system was to forecast the impact of tsunamis on coastal areas in time to save lives and protect property. Over the past 20 years, PMEL has identified the requirements of the tsunami measurement system through evolution in both technology and knowledge of deep ocean tsunami dynamics. The requirement for transportability was a conservative approach to a phenomenon that had little data to guide strategies for choosing deployment sites. The requirement for real time was to provide data in time to create a forecast. The first-generation DART design featured an automatic detection and reporting algorithm triggered by a threshold wave-height value. The DART II design incorporates two-way communications that enables tsunami data transmission on demand, independent of the automatic algorithm; this capability ensures the measurement and reporting of tsunamis with amplitude below the auto-reporting threshold. For more accurate forecast modeling and subsequent, more reliable decision-making, this capability is very important because (a) a very large, destructive tsunami may, in fact, have a very small amplitude at any particular DART station position, and (b) small, deep-ocean tsunami amplitudes can reach destructive values, due to large, localized, shallow-water amplification factors. This latter concern was dramatically affirmed and demonstrated after measurement of a 2cm wave of a tsunami generated in Alaska was amplified to become a 40cm tsunami on the north shore of Oahu, Hawaii.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on tsunami warning systems. It discusses how tsunami warning systems work using networks of sensors like seismometers, tidal gauges, and DART buoys. DART buoys in particular detect tsunamis by measuring small changes in deep ocean water levels. Data from these sensors is communicated to warning centers to analyze earthquake data and issue tsunami warnings. The document also outlines advantages like early warning but also challenges like high costs of operating these sensor networks.
Advanced earthquake monitoring techniques allow for more accurate earthquake detection and analysis. New monitoring stations have over 600 sensors installed. Shake maps can now be created for major cities to show seismic shaking. The 3D Full-Scale Earthquake Testing Facility in Japan will replicate large earthquakes to test building designs. Instrumenting buildings provides data to engineer earthquake-resistant structures. Improved monitoring through networks of sensors helps provide warning of impending shaking and tsunamis.
The document discusses earthquake early warning technology which uses sensors to detect seismic activity and transmit data to alert centers to send out notifications before shaking occurs. It describes how programmable controllers and SCADA software can integrate seismic switches to monitor seismic data and turn systems off if thresholds are exceeded. Examples are given of applications for high speed railways, buildings, factories, and bridges to control systems and issue alerts upon earthquake detection.
The document discusses tsunamis, including their causes, effects, and methods for prevention and preparedness. Tsunamis are generated by earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions and other events that displace large volumes of water. They can travel hundreds of miles and reach heights over 30 feet. Impacts include destruction of infrastructure, loss of life and property, and contamination of water supplies. Prevention focuses on early warning systems and evacuation plans, while adaptations aim to rebuild communities and implement child protection and new livelihood strategies.
The document discusses tsunami detection methods including:
1. Current methods use deep water pressure sensors anchored to the seafloor which can detect tsunami-induced pressure changes but have high costs and maintenance needs.
2. A proposed coastal alert system uses anchored buoys that detect the receding water of an approaching tsunami wave and trigger alarms to warn local communities.
3. Another proposal involves deployable underwater sensors that are dropped from buoys after seismic events to take pressure readings at multiple depths in a lower-cost and more redundant method.
This document discusses tsunamis and tsunami warning systems. It defines a tsunami as a series of ocean waves generated by earthquakes or other disturbances under the sea. It then provides examples of historic tsunamis in locations like Lisbon, Japan, and India. The document goes on to explain that tsunami warning systems were first attempted in Hawaii in the 1920s and have since been improved. Major warning centers include the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center and the National Tsunami Warning Center. After the devastating 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, several regional warning systems were also established.
This paper describes the system components that make up the second-generation Deep-Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis system, known as DART II1.
Tsunami data from the DART system can be combined with seismic data ingested into a forecast model to generate accurate tsunami forecasts for coastal areas2.
The motivation for developing a transportable, real-time, deep ocean tsunami measurement system was to forecast the impact of tsunamis on coastal areas in time to save lives and protect property. Over the past 20 years, PMEL has identified the requirements of the tsunami measurement system through evolution in both technology and knowledge of deep ocean tsunami dynamics. The requirement for transportability was a conservative approach to a phenomenon that had little data to guide strategies for choosing deployment sites. The requirement for real time was to provide data in time to create a forecast. The first-generation DART design featured an automatic detection and reporting algorithm triggered by a threshold wave-height value. The DART II design incorporates two-way communications that enables tsunami data transmission on demand, independent of the automatic algorithm; this capability ensures the measurement and reporting of tsunamis with amplitude below the auto-reporting threshold. For more accurate forecast modeling and subsequent, more reliable decision-making, this capability is very important because (a) a very large, destructive tsunami may, in fact, have a very small amplitude at any particular DART station position, and (b) small, deep-ocean tsunami amplitudes can reach destructive values, due to large, localized, shallow-water amplification factors. This latter concern was dramatically affirmed and demonstrated after measurement of a 2cm wave of a tsunami generated in Alaska was amplified to become a 40cm tsunami on the north shore of Oahu, Hawaii.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on tsunami warning systems. It discusses how tsunami warning systems work using networks of sensors like seismometers, tidal gauges, and DART buoys. DART buoys in particular detect tsunamis by measuring small changes in deep ocean water levels. Data from these sensors is communicated to warning centers to analyze earthquake data and issue tsunami warnings. The document also outlines advantages like early warning but also challenges like high costs of operating these sensor networks.
Advanced earthquake monitoring techniques allow for more accurate earthquake detection and analysis. New monitoring stations have over 600 sensors installed. Shake maps can now be created for major cities to show seismic shaking. The 3D Full-Scale Earthquake Testing Facility in Japan will replicate large earthquakes to test building designs. Instrumenting buildings provides data to engineer earthquake-resistant structures. Improved monitoring through networks of sensors helps provide warning of impending shaking and tsunamis.
The document discusses earthquake early warning technology which uses sensors to detect seismic activity and transmit data to alert centers to send out notifications before shaking occurs. It describes how programmable controllers and SCADA software can integrate seismic switches to monitor seismic data and turn systems off if thresholds are exceeded. Examples are given of applications for high speed railways, buildings, factories, and bridges to control systems and issue alerts upon earthquake detection.
The document discusses tsunamis, including their causes, effects, and methods for prevention and preparedness. Tsunamis are generated by earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions and other events that displace large volumes of water. They can travel hundreds of miles and reach heights over 30 feet. Impacts include destruction of infrastructure, loss of life and property, and contamination of water supplies. Prevention focuses on early warning systems and evacuation plans, while adaptations aim to rebuild communities and implement child protection and new livelihood strategies.
Automatic solar tracker is a system which helps to boost the energy production of solar panel. The whole system even does not need any external power source,
Thermal imaging cameras, also known as infrared cameras, form images using infrared radiation and can detect differences in surface temperature. They have several components including thermal sensors and solid state arrays that detect infrared wavelengths. The images captured can be displayed in monochrome or pseudo-color to help users distinguish temperature variations. Thermal imaging cameras have a variety of applications including night vision, roof inspections, medical procedures, law enforcement, and research and development.
The document describes a tsunami warning system. It discusses how tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. It then outlines the objectives, hardware, software, and current status of a student project to build a system using pressure sensors to detect simulated tsunamis created in a hydrology lab and communicate warnings. The system aims to study how turbulence affects tsunami force and use additional sensors to monitor environmental factors when tsunamis arrive on shore.
Directed energy weapons (DEWs) use focused energy to damage targets from a distance. They include microwave, particle beam, plasma, sonic, and laser weapons. Lasers are being developed that use solid-state lasing mediums, adaptive optics to compensate for atmospheric distortions, and beam control systems. While DEWs offer advantages like speed of engagement and reduced collateral damage, they require significant power and their beams can be diffracted, limiting accuracy.
Radar is a system that uses radio waves to detect objects by transmitting electromagnetic waves and analyzing the reflected signals. It consists of a transmitter that generates radio waves, a receiver to detect the reflected waves, and an antenna to transmit and receive the signals. Radar can determine attributes of detected objects such as range, angle, or velocity. It has numerous military and civilian applications including air traffic control, weather monitoring, vehicle speed detection, and space exploration. The Indian Army employs various radar systems like the Rohini, Rajendra, Indra, and Swordfish radars to detect threats. Radar remains an important detection technology due to its all-weather capabilities and ability to sense objects day or night through cloud cover.
This document describes the design and implementation of a radar system using an Arduino. The system uses an Arduino Uno, ultrasonic sensor, servo motor, and other components to detect objects. It provides advantages such as seeing through fog or darkness and determining an object's range, position, and velocity. Limitations include not being able to distinguish close targets or recognize color. The system was created to learn about radar technology and demonstrate its uses and capabilities.
A 9.2 magnitude earthquake triggered a massive tsunami on December 26, 2004 in the Indian Ocean. The tsunami waves traveled across the ocean at speeds up to 800 km/hr, devastating coastal areas in 14 countries across Asia when they came ashore. Over 275,000 people lost their lives in one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history, affecting over 2 continents. The earthquake was caused by shifting of the Australian and Pacific tectonic plates under the Indian Ocean.
This document discusses thermal imaging and its various applications. It begins by explaining that thermal imaging produces images based on the heat detected from objects and was originally developed for military purposes. It then provides details on:
- How thermal imaging cameras work to detect differences in temperature and produce images.
- Common applications of thermal imaging in fields like firefighting, law enforcement, medical, agriculture, and more.
- The advantages of thermal imaging like its ability to see in total darkness and penetrate obscurants like smoke.
- Specific uses of thermal imaging in border security, condition monitoring, night vision, medical screening, and evaluating solar panels.
- Directed energy weapons such as high energy lasers and high power microwaves are no longer future concepts but are being developed and tested for operational use.
- The US Navy has led development of high energy laser weapons since the 1970s including the first megawatt chemical laser. Recent advances in solid state lasers are moving these technologies forward.
- The Navy is currently developing a fiber laser-based Laser Weapon System to augment the Close-In Weapon System currently deployed on ships.
- High power microwave weapons are also increasing in power and some prototypes have been deployed operationally to support troops.
- Foreign development of directed energy weapons has increased the need for the Navy to develop countermeasures
This document provides an overview of thermography and infrared temperature measurement. It discusses the basics of near, mid, and thermal infrared wavelengths and how atoms emit infrared energy as photons when electrons move between energy orbitals. Thermal images show the infrared energy emitted, transmitted, and reflected by an object. Emissivity describes a material's ability to emit thermal radiation. Thermal imaging systems use uncooled or cooled infrared detectors to capture infrared wavelengths and convert them into temperature measurements using techniques like two color thermometry. Thermography has applications in areas like condition monitoring, healthcare, security, and manufacturing.
A hydrophone is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect to convert underwater sound wave pressure variations into electrical signals. It consists of a piezoelectric transducer that generates electricity when subjected to changes in underwater pressure. Hydrophones are primarily used by naval forces for applications like submarine detection, acoustic tagging of marine life, and echo sounding.
Telemetry involves measuring values at a remote location and transmitting the data to another location. It involves three steps - measuring a value, converting it to a signal, transmitting the signal, and reconverting it back to the original data. Factors like accuracy, whether the data is analog or digital, error detection/correction, and bandwidth influence telemetry system design. There are two main types - landline systems which use wires/cables over short distances, and radio frequency systems which use radio links from 1km to beyond 50km. Landline systems transmit current or voltage and have simple circuitry but limited range. Radio frequency systems transmit via radio links and are used for long range applications like spacecraft. Modulation schemes include amplitude modulation for
Radar stands for Radio Detection and Ranging. It is a system that transmits electromagnetic waves and analyzes the echoes from objects to detect and determine their range, altitude, direction or speed. The basic parts of a radar system include a transmitter, receiver, antenna and indicator. The radar equation describes the power returning to the receiving antenna based on factors like the transmitted power, antenna gains, radar cross section of the target, and distance. There are different types of radars like pulse radar, moving target indication radar, pulse Doppler radar and tracking radar used for various applications like air traffic control, missile guidance and ground surveillance.
India is highly populated country ,so we should take the advantage of such an energy which required a very less space to produce energy efficiently
In this case solar tree be the best one for us
Optical antennas are devices designed to efficiently convert between propagating optical radiation and localized energy. Like radio frequency antennas, optical antennas can increase the interaction area of local absorbers or emitters with free radiation. Key aspects of optical antennas include their operation based on plasmonics and impedance matching. They can be fabricated using electron beam lithography or focused ion beam milling at the nanoscale. Applications include imaging, photovoltaics, and coherent control. Optical antennas provide opportunities for new optoelectronic architectures and devices by controlling light-matter interactions at the nanoscale.
application of artificial intelligence in meteorology (1).pptxKarthikkingK1
The document discusses how artificial intelligence can improve meteorology. It explains that AI has the potential to more accurately forecast weather, predict extreme events, and optimize renewable energy production by analyzing large amounts of weather data. However, there are also challenges to applying AI in meteorology like data quality issues and the complexity of weather systems. Addressing these challenges is important to realizing the full benefits of AI for forecasting and renewable energy.
Thermal imaging technology uses infrared radiation emitted from objects to generate images of them. A thermal imaging camera consists of an optic system, detector, amplifier, and display. There are cooled and uncooled cameras, with cooled providing better image quality but being bulkier and more expensive. Thermal imaging has applications in industry, medicine, security, and building diagnostics by allowing users to detect problems unseen to the naked eye. It provides advantages of being non-invasive and able to see in total darkness.
An earthquake is an unpredictable natural disaster that causes damage to lives and property. It happens suddenly and we cannot stop it but we can be alerted from it. In today’s time, there are many technologies which can be used to detect the small shakes and knocks, so that we can take precautions prior to some major vibrations in earth. Earthquake detector is a device that detects earthquake shakes Here we are using Accelerometer ADXL335 sensor to detect the pre-earthquake vibrations. Accelerometer ADXL335 sensor is highly sensitive. Here are Arduino is the brain of this detector, LCD is used to display message and Led and buzzer is used as indicators.
Tsunamis are caused by large displacements of water, usually in oceans, that can be triggered by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides or meteorite impacts. While tsunamis have extremely long wavelengths and periods in deep ocean waters, they can travel very fast at over 600 mph. When they reach shallow coastal waters, their energy causes the sea level to rise dramatically and flood inland areas. Proper planning, awareness of warning signs and evacuation routes can help minimize damage and save lives during a tsunami.
This document discusses tsunamis and tsunami warning systems. It explains that tsunamis are caused by large displacements of water, often due to earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions. It then describes how tsunami warning systems work, including how the Meteorological Agency issues warnings within three minutes of an earthquake with estimates of tsunami arrival times and heights. However, it notes shortcomings in that actual tsunami heights and times may differ from forecasts. It suggests developing more accurate forecasts based on observed data while still issuing warnings that assume maximum tsunami scales.
Automatic solar tracker is a system which helps to boost the energy production of solar panel. The whole system even does not need any external power source,
Thermal imaging cameras, also known as infrared cameras, form images using infrared radiation and can detect differences in surface temperature. They have several components including thermal sensors and solid state arrays that detect infrared wavelengths. The images captured can be displayed in monochrome or pseudo-color to help users distinguish temperature variations. Thermal imaging cameras have a variety of applications including night vision, roof inspections, medical procedures, law enforcement, and research and development.
The document describes a tsunami warning system. It discusses how tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. It then outlines the objectives, hardware, software, and current status of a student project to build a system using pressure sensors to detect simulated tsunamis created in a hydrology lab and communicate warnings. The system aims to study how turbulence affects tsunami force and use additional sensors to monitor environmental factors when tsunamis arrive on shore.
Directed energy weapons (DEWs) use focused energy to damage targets from a distance. They include microwave, particle beam, plasma, sonic, and laser weapons. Lasers are being developed that use solid-state lasing mediums, adaptive optics to compensate for atmospheric distortions, and beam control systems. While DEWs offer advantages like speed of engagement and reduced collateral damage, they require significant power and their beams can be diffracted, limiting accuracy.
Radar is a system that uses radio waves to detect objects by transmitting electromagnetic waves and analyzing the reflected signals. It consists of a transmitter that generates radio waves, a receiver to detect the reflected waves, and an antenna to transmit and receive the signals. Radar can determine attributes of detected objects such as range, angle, or velocity. It has numerous military and civilian applications including air traffic control, weather monitoring, vehicle speed detection, and space exploration. The Indian Army employs various radar systems like the Rohini, Rajendra, Indra, and Swordfish radars to detect threats. Radar remains an important detection technology due to its all-weather capabilities and ability to sense objects day or night through cloud cover.
This document describes the design and implementation of a radar system using an Arduino. The system uses an Arduino Uno, ultrasonic sensor, servo motor, and other components to detect objects. It provides advantages such as seeing through fog or darkness and determining an object's range, position, and velocity. Limitations include not being able to distinguish close targets or recognize color. The system was created to learn about radar technology and demonstrate its uses and capabilities.
A 9.2 magnitude earthquake triggered a massive tsunami on December 26, 2004 in the Indian Ocean. The tsunami waves traveled across the ocean at speeds up to 800 km/hr, devastating coastal areas in 14 countries across Asia when they came ashore. Over 275,000 people lost their lives in one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history, affecting over 2 continents. The earthquake was caused by shifting of the Australian and Pacific tectonic plates under the Indian Ocean.
This document discusses thermal imaging and its various applications. It begins by explaining that thermal imaging produces images based on the heat detected from objects and was originally developed for military purposes. It then provides details on:
- How thermal imaging cameras work to detect differences in temperature and produce images.
- Common applications of thermal imaging in fields like firefighting, law enforcement, medical, agriculture, and more.
- The advantages of thermal imaging like its ability to see in total darkness and penetrate obscurants like smoke.
- Specific uses of thermal imaging in border security, condition monitoring, night vision, medical screening, and evaluating solar panels.
- Directed energy weapons such as high energy lasers and high power microwaves are no longer future concepts but are being developed and tested for operational use.
- The US Navy has led development of high energy laser weapons since the 1970s including the first megawatt chemical laser. Recent advances in solid state lasers are moving these technologies forward.
- The Navy is currently developing a fiber laser-based Laser Weapon System to augment the Close-In Weapon System currently deployed on ships.
- High power microwave weapons are also increasing in power and some prototypes have been deployed operationally to support troops.
- Foreign development of directed energy weapons has increased the need for the Navy to develop countermeasures
This document provides an overview of thermography and infrared temperature measurement. It discusses the basics of near, mid, and thermal infrared wavelengths and how atoms emit infrared energy as photons when electrons move between energy orbitals. Thermal images show the infrared energy emitted, transmitted, and reflected by an object. Emissivity describes a material's ability to emit thermal radiation. Thermal imaging systems use uncooled or cooled infrared detectors to capture infrared wavelengths and convert them into temperature measurements using techniques like two color thermometry. Thermography has applications in areas like condition monitoring, healthcare, security, and manufacturing.
A hydrophone is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect to convert underwater sound wave pressure variations into electrical signals. It consists of a piezoelectric transducer that generates electricity when subjected to changes in underwater pressure. Hydrophones are primarily used by naval forces for applications like submarine detection, acoustic tagging of marine life, and echo sounding.
Telemetry involves measuring values at a remote location and transmitting the data to another location. It involves three steps - measuring a value, converting it to a signal, transmitting the signal, and reconverting it back to the original data. Factors like accuracy, whether the data is analog or digital, error detection/correction, and bandwidth influence telemetry system design. There are two main types - landline systems which use wires/cables over short distances, and radio frequency systems which use radio links from 1km to beyond 50km. Landline systems transmit current or voltage and have simple circuitry but limited range. Radio frequency systems transmit via radio links and are used for long range applications like spacecraft. Modulation schemes include amplitude modulation for
Radar stands for Radio Detection and Ranging. It is a system that transmits electromagnetic waves and analyzes the echoes from objects to detect and determine their range, altitude, direction or speed. The basic parts of a radar system include a transmitter, receiver, antenna and indicator. The radar equation describes the power returning to the receiving antenna based on factors like the transmitted power, antenna gains, radar cross section of the target, and distance. There are different types of radars like pulse radar, moving target indication radar, pulse Doppler radar and tracking radar used for various applications like air traffic control, missile guidance and ground surveillance.
India is highly populated country ,so we should take the advantage of such an energy which required a very less space to produce energy efficiently
In this case solar tree be the best one for us
Optical antennas are devices designed to efficiently convert between propagating optical radiation and localized energy. Like radio frequency antennas, optical antennas can increase the interaction area of local absorbers or emitters with free radiation. Key aspects of optical antennas include their operation based on plasmonics and impedance matching. They can be fabricated using electron beam lithography or focused ion beam milling at the nanoscale. Applications include imaging, photovoltaics, and coherent control. Optical antennas provide opportunities for new optoelectronic architectures and devices by controlling light-matter interactions at the nanoscale.
application of artificial intelligence in meteorology (1).pptxKarthikkingK1
The document discusses how artificial intelligence can improve meteorology. It explains that AI has the potential to more accurately forecast weather, predict extreme events, and optimize renewable energy production by analyzing large amounts of weather data. However, there are also challenges to applying AI in meteorology like data quality issues and the complexity of weather systems. Addressing these challenges is important to realizing the full benefits of AI for forecasting and renewable energy.
Thermal imaging technology uses infrared radiation emitted from objects to generate images of them. A thermal imaging camera consists of an optic system, detector, amplifier, and display. There are cooled and uncooled cameras, with cooled providing better image quality but being bulkier and more expensive. Thermal imaging has applications in industry, medicine, security, and building diagnostics by allowing users to detect problems unseen to the naked eye. It provides advantages of being non-invasive and able to see in total darkness.
An earthquake is an unpredictable natural disaster that causes damage to lives and property. It happens suddenly and we cannot stop it but we can be alerted from it. In today’s time, there are many technologies which can be used to detect the small shakes and knocks, so that we can take precautions prior to some major vibrations in earth. Earthquake detector is a device that detects earthquake shakes Here we are using Accelerometer ADXL335 sensor to detect the pre-earthquake vibrations. Accelerometer ADXL335 sensor is highly sensitive. Here are Arduino is the brain of this detector, LCD is used to display message and Led and buzzer is used as indicators.
Tsunamis are caused by large displacements of water, usually in oceans, that can be triggered by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides or meteorite impacts. While tsunamis have extremely long wavelengths and periods in deep ocean waters, they can travel very fast at over 600 mph. When they reach shallow coastal waters, their energy causes the sea level to rise dramatically and flood inland areas. Proper planning, awareness of warning signs and evacuation routes can help minimize damage and save lives during a tsunami.
This document discusses tsunamis and tsunami warning systems. It explains that tsunamis are caused by large displacements of water, often due to earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions. It then describes how tsunami warning systems work, including how the Meteorological Agency issues warnings within three minutes of an earthquake with estimates of tsunami arrival times and heights. However, it notes shortcomings in that actual tsunami heights and times may differ from forecasts. It suggests developing more accurate forecasts based on observed data while still issuing warnings that assume maximum tsunami scales.
This seminar presentation discusses tsunami warning systems. It describes how tsunami warning systems work using a network of sensors including seismometers, tidal gauges, and Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami (DART) buoys to detect tsunamis. DART buoys in particular measure pressure changes at the seafloor to detect tsunamis and transmit data via surface buoys to warning centers. The presentation provides details on how DART buoys and their components like digiquartz sensors function to play a key role in tsunami detection and warning.
Early warning System Disaster ManagementVraj Pandya
Description on early warning technologies in Earth quake, flood cyclone and various other characteristics are provided here, it would be quite beneficial for you people to use it. there is no simple copy paste, its really amazing and useful
Transtronics is developing a new smart gun technology that uses cell phones rather than biometrics or Bluetooth. The system would allow a gun to only operate when it receives the unique signal from the gun owner's registered cell phone. This could convert existing smart guns from other identification methods. The technology aims to enhance public safety by preventing unauthorized gun use while respecting gun owners' rights. Transtronics is seeking partnerships and government support to introduce this new cell phone-based smart gun system.
This document discusses tsunami detection systems. It begins by explaining the differences between regular wind waves and tsunamis, including size and speed. It then describes current tsunami detection methods using deep-sea buoys connected to satellites and hydrophones. The document proposes new coastal and offshore tsunami alert systems that are lower cost and have fewer points of failure. The coastal system would use anchored buoys to detect the receding water that precedes a tsunami wave and trigger alarms. The offshore system would use detachable pressure sensors dropped below the surface after seismic events to detect tsunami pressure changes. Both are presented as supplements to more advanced detection networks.
This document proposes a microcontroller-based weapon authentication system to address the problem of weapons falling into the wrong hands. It describes existing authentication technologies like using RFID tags and fingerprint scanners to validate authorized users. However, these systems have drawbacks like devices malfunctioning or being hacked. The document concludes that developing smart weapons using advanced technology could help reduce illegal weapon use and improve security efforts.
Apresentação ministrada pelo Sr. Tom Wills, Consultor Sênior de Ondas e Correntes da Aquatera, exibida durante o Seminário Hidrocinética no Norte do Brasil, realizado em Brasília no dia 27 de abril 2016, no Auditório da Eletronorte.
Wireless sensor networks for disaster managmentEditor IJARCET
This document summarizes a journal article about using wireless sensor networks for disaster management. It discusses several potential applications:
1) Flood detection networks that monitor water levels and send alerts.
2) Forest fire detection networks that use sensors to detect temperature, smoke and send alerts.
3) Earthquake detection networks that use sensor data to detect earthquakes and estimate their magnitude.
4) Tsunami detection networks that use underwater pressure sensors to detect tsunamis and activate barriers.
5) Drought forecasting networks that use sensors to monitor factors like rainfall and temperature to predict drought and send alerts.
This document describes a landslide warning system that uses sensors, a microcontroller, GPS, and Zigbee wireless communication. Three sensors (an angle sensor, liquid level sensor, and temperature sensor) are connected to an ARM microcontroller to collect data on slope angle, water depth, and temperature. The microcontroller sends this sensor data along with location information from a GPS module to a Zigbee transmitter. The Zigbee transmits the data to a receiver Zigbee connected to an LCD and GSM module. The LCD displays the sensor readings and location at the receiver station, and the GSM sends an SMS alert about the landslide risk to warn people. The system was tested and able to accurately detect landslide
ISCRAM 2013: Lessons Learnt from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsu...ISCRAM Events
1) The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami was one of the largest earthquakes ever recorded at magnitude 9.0. It caused widespread damage including over 15,000 deaths from tsunami waves as high as 40 meters.
2) The earthquake damaged nuclear power plants in Fukushima and caused meltdowns. This revealed flaws in assuming that risks beyond design standards were improbable. It showed the importance of considering lower probability higher impact events and increasing infrastructure flexibility.
3) Early warning systems helped reduce losses from the earthquake and tsunami. The earthquake early warning was issued only 8 seconds after shaking was detected, allowing some trains to stop safely. Updated tsunami warnings were issued as data came in.
The document describes the tsunami warning system. It discusses how tsunamis are detected using seismic alerts, tide gauges, and DART buoys. The system issues alarms that are checked by experts to determine if a tsunami exists. It then provides details on NOAA and the international/regional warning systems used in various ocean basins.
The document discusses various natural hazards that can occur globally and in the UK, including earthquakes, flooding, drought, tropical cyclones, volcanoes, and landslides. It provides details on the causes and impacts of these hazards, maps showing risk areas, and examples of major disasters in recent decades. It also compares the natural hazard risks facing the Philippines and California coast regions.
This document discusses waste lands in India, their classification, and reclamation. It notes that there are 6.38 million square kilometers of wastelands in India, accounting for 20.17% of the total land area. Wastelands are degraded lands that are currently unutilized. The document outlines various types of cultivable and uncultivable wastelands. It also discusses environmental factors influencing wastelands and the process of natural succession over time that can reclaim wastelands. Reclamation involves an initial colonization by annual plants and nitrogen fixers, followed by perennial herbs and grasses, and eventually scrub and woodland if left undisturbed for 8-10 years.
Identification Simplified - An Introduction to BiometricsAbhishek Mishra
The document discusses various methods of biometric identification that are more secure than traditional ID cards, passwords, etc. It describes iris recognition, voice recognition, face recognition, and fingerprint authentication in detail, explaining how each works, its advantages, and potential applications. While biometric identification has benefits over previous methods, some biometric traits may not work for certain individuals due to physical conditions. Overall, the document promotes biometric identification as a more reliable and secure way to uniquely identify individuals.
IB Geography: Hazards and Disasters: Why people live in hazardous areasRichard Allaway
There are three main approaches to why people live in hazardous areas:
- Fatalistic Approach: People accept the risks as inevitable and believe hazards are out of their control. They lack alternatives due to economic reasons.
- Acceptance Approach: People accept the risks because the advantages of the area outweigh the costs, such as economic opportunities from tourism, agriculture, and extraction.
- Adaption Approach: People see they can prepare for and survive hazards through prediction, prevention and protection methods like modern technology and infrastructure that warn of and protect from disasters.
This document provides revision materials for a GCSE Geography exam, including key themes, contact information, and resources. It covers topics like rivers, coasts, and landforms. For rivers, it outlines landforms like V-shaped valleys, waterfalls, meanders, and floodplains. For coasts, it discusses landforms including headlands, bays, wave-cut platforms, and beaches. It also provides case studies, definitions of geographic terms, and exam practice questions.
The document describes a tsunami warning system, explaining that tsunamis are large ocean waves usually caused by undersea earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides. The system uses seismometers to detect earthquakes, tide gauges to measure changes in sea level, and NOAA and DART stations that can detect tsunamis, allowing warnings to be issued to protect coastal areas from potential damage from an approaching tsunami.
Land reclamation-Presentation(civil 3rd year)chami8082084
This document discusses the construction of artificial islands through land reclamation. It notes that population growth is putting pressure on available land area. Artificial islands are constructed by dredging sand from the ocean floor and depositing it in layers to form new land. The construction process involves installing temporary supports, depositing hydraulic fill layers, and driving piles into the seabed to stabilize the new island. Potential advantages of artificial islands include increasing land area for development and preventing flooding. However, reclamation can damage coral reefs and marine life if unsuitable areas are selected.
This document discusses different early warning systems for disasters. It describes earthquake warning systems that detect P-waves to warn of impending shaking. Flood warning systems use sensors along riverbanks to detect rising water levels and wirelessly transmit warnings. Tsunami warning systems use sea level gauges and DART buoys to detect changes underwater and issue alerts to evacuate coastal areas. The goal of early warning systems is to provide timely information to communities to prepare for and reduce harm from disasters.
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The document discusses the global positioning system (GPS) including its history, how it works using satellites and measurements of distance, sources of error, and applications like plane surveying and tsunami detection.
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The document discusses the tsunami early warning system in the Indian Ocean. The system works by having centers in the Pacific and Indian Oceans receive earthquake data and tidal gauge information to determine if a quake could produce a tsunami. If so, they issue watches to countries which then alert their populations through various methods like radio, SMS, or evacuation drills. However, some remote areas still lack robust warning systems.
The document discusses tsunami warning systems. It provides details on:
1) How tsunami warning systems detect tsunamis using networks of seismic stations, sea level monitoring stations like tide gauges and DART buoys, and issue warnings.
2) The two main types of warning systems - international systems that cover ocean basins and national systems that provide very quick, localized warnings.
3) How seismic data, tide gauge data and DART buoy data are used to detect tsunamis, characterize earthquake sources, monitor tsunami progress, and issue or cancel warnings.
This document discusses various devices used to detect and monitor upcoming natural disasters including:
1) Avalanche mortars that trigger small avalanches to prevent larger, more catastrophic slides.
2) Deep-ocean sensors and floating devices that comprise the DART system, detecting tsunamis early to provide coastal evacuation time.
3) Seismometers that detect even small underground vibrations to identify earthquakes and measure their intensity on scales like Mercalli, Richter, and Moment Magnitude.
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The document discusses tsunami detection systems. It describes how tsunamis differ from regular waves in terms of size and speed. It then discusses current detection methods like deep water sensors and coastal warning systems. It proposes a new offshore alert system using detachable pressure sensors dropped from buoys to get readings from multiple ocean depths without needing permanent seabed equipment. The system aims to provide early warning, prediction capabilities, and lower costs than existing methods.
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The document summarizes India's tsunami warning system, which includes estimating earthquake parameters from seismic stations, monitoring sea level changes with bottom pressure recorders and tide gauges, pre-running tsunami modeling scenarios based on different seismic events, maintaining high-resolution bathymetry and coastal maps, and operating a 24/7 warning center to analyze data and issue advisories. The system detected and warned of the 2007 Java tsunami in a timely manner to help administration and possible evacuation.
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This is a workshop about communication and collaboration. We will experience how we can analyze the reasons for resistance to change (exercise 1) and practice how to improve our conversation style and be more in control and effective in the way we communicate (exercise 2).
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Let’s talk about powerful conversations! We all know how to lead a constructive conversation, right? Then why is it so difficult to have those conversations with people at work, especially those in powerful positions that show resistance to change?
Learning to control and direct conversations takes understanding and practice.
We can combine our innate empathy with our analytical skills to gain a deeper understanding of complex situations at work. Join this session to learn how to prepare for difficult conversations and how to improve our agile conversations in order to be more influential without power. We will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
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Come learn more on how to become a real influencer!
This presentation by Professor Alex Robson, Deputy Chair of Australia’s Productivity Commission, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
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Insight: In a landscape where traditional narrative structures are giving way to fragmented and non-linear forms of storytelling, there lies immense potential for creativity and exploration.
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Please download this presentation to enjoy the hyperlinks!
Mastering the Concepts Tested in the Databricks Certified Data Engineer Assoc...SkillCertProExams
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This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
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This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
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Moreover, having well-defined career goals fosters a sense of purpose and direction, enhancing job satisfaction and overall productivity. It encourages continuous learning and adaptation, as professionals remain attuned to industry trends and evolving job market demands. Career goals also facilitate better time management and resource allocation, as individuals prioritize tasks and opportunities that advance their professional growth. In addition, articulating career goals can aid in networking and mentorship, as it allows individuals to communicate their aspirations clearly to potential mentors, colleagues, and employers, thereby opening doors to valuable guidance and support. Ultimately, career goals are integral to personal and professional development, driving individuals toward sustained success and fulfillment in their chosen fields.
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This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
2. Contents
Tsunami
Why Tsunami Detection System??
Types of Tsunami Detection System
Technologies Used
Seismometers
Coast Tidal Gauge
DART Buoys
Digiquartz Broadband Depth Sensor
Acoustic Transducer
Acoustic Link
DART I & II System
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion 2
3. Tsunami
3
•Tsunami is a series of waves with extremely long wave length and long
wave period generated when a body of water rapidly displace.
•The causes of tsunami are:
Earthquakes
Land slides
Volcanic Erruptions
•It is one of the most powerful destructive forces of nature.
• Tsunami is originated from the japanese word ,which implies
“TSU” MEANS HARBOUR AND “NAMI” MEANS WAVE.
TSUNAMI = HARBOUR + WAVE.
4. Why Tsunami Detection System???
A Tsunami Detection System is used to detect tsunamis as soon
as possible and issue warnings to coastal people so as to prevent
the loss of life and damage .
It comprises of two equally significant components:
Network Of Sensors : To detect the tsunamis before sufficient
time .
Communication Infrastructure:It is used to bring out an
official document so that nearby coastal guards can give timely
alarms to permit evacuation of coastal areas.
4
5. Types of Tsunami Detection System
There are two distinct types :
International Warning System:
This system uses both data like seismic and water level data from
coastal buoys.
National Warning System:
This system use seismic data about nearby recent earthquake.This
is classified as:
Tsunami Watches
Tsunami Warning
5
6. Technologies Used
Three types of technologies are used for detecting tsunami:
Seismometers
Coast Tidal Gauges
Dart Buoys
Dart I buoy
Dart II buoy
6
7. Seismometer
Earthquake are measured based on its magnitude recorded by its
seismograph.
From the information available from seismograph we could find
about the source of tsunami .
Drawbacks :
Data are indirect and interpretation is difficult.
It involve poor understanding of seismic coupling
7
8. Working of Seismometer
Seismographs , generally consist of two parts, a
sensor of ground motion which we call
a seismometer, and a seismic recording
system.
When a tsunami event occurs,
the first information available
about the source of the tsunami
is based only on the available
seismic information.
Earthquakes are measured
based on its magnitude
recorded by a seismograph.
8
9. Coast Tidal Gauge
Measure sea level near coastal area and continuously monitors and
confirms tsunami waves following an earthquake.
Drawbacks :
May not survive impact of tsunami.
Cannot provide data that are especially important to operational
hazard assessment directly.
9
11. Modern tide gauges have two detection systems:
A primary system, based on different round-trip travel
times for sound waves projected down to sea level (high
or low tide) and reflected back, and
A second, back-up system, based on measuring pressure
differences as water height changes between the tides.
Then the collected Sea level data is sent by satellites to a lab
somewhere else, like the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center .
11
12. DART Buoys
“DART” stands for Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of
Tsunamis.
This is a system of buoys, located strategically around the
world’s oceans, which can alert scientists to the passage of a
tsunami.
Here information is processed to produce a new and more
refined estimate of tsunami source and reported to tsunami
warning center.
12
13. Modes of Operation
DART buoy has two modes of operation:
Standard Mode:
Here Dart transmits data every six hours with recording
period of 15 minutes.
Event Mode:
When tsunami wave occur standard mode trigger to event
mode. It transmit data every15 minutes at an average of 1 minute
for three hours.
13
14. Working of DART Buoys
DART Buoy consist of two main component:
Bottom Pressure Recorder (BPR)
Surface Buoy
BPR consisting of a modem to transmit data to surface buoy.
Surface buoy transmit data to warning centre via satellite
communication.
14
15. Bottom Pressure Recorder :
Digiquartz Broadband depth Sensor is the main sensing element.
This sensor continuously monitors pressure and if pressure
exceeds threshold value, it automatically report to warning centre.
Surface Buoys:
Surface buoys makes satellite communication to warning centers
that evaluate the threat and issue a tsunami warning.
15
16. Digiquartz Broadband Depth Sensor
This depth sensor provide accurate & stable data.
Superior performance of digiquartz instruments is achieved through use
of quartz crystal.
Pressure transducer employs bellows tube as pressure to load
generators.
Change in frequency of quartz crystal oscillator is a measure of the
applied pressure.
16
17. Acoustic Transducer
A electrical device that converts sound wave into electrical
energy.
Hydrophone is used in this case.
When electrical plates are exposed to sound vibration electrical
energy is produced.
Electrical energy is sent to amplifier and then to final destination.
17
18. Acoustic Link
Acoustic communication is a technique of sending and receiving
signals under water.
It is done by help of acoustic modem.
Modem operates at frequency of 10 Hz – 1 MHz.
It provides an accurate and efficient method to send and receive
data underwater.
18
19. DART I System
Relied solely on software’s ability to detect a tsunami and trigger
to event mode and it provides only one way communication
ability.
To avoid false alarm, a threshold value is set such that tsunami
with low amplitude could fail to trigger the station.
19
21. DART II System
Measure seal level change of less than a millimeter in the deep
ocean.
Two way communication allows for trouble shooting of the
system.
System can be switched to event mode by concerned authority
for research purpose.
21
24. Advantages
Deep water pressure produce low false reading.
Multiple sensor can detect wave propagation.
Good advance warning system.
24
25. Disadvantages
Expensive equipments.
High maintenance cost.
Require multiple communication link:
SONAR.
Satellite Uplink.
Satellite Downlink.
Notification to authorities.
Authorities notifies coastal dwellers.
25
26. Conclusion
The Tsunami Detection System is quite useful in predicting the energy
level that obtained as result of natural disaster on ocean bed ,transfer to
ocean and its destructive potential ,which could alert people on the
arriving threat and saves from massive loss of mankind.
26