2. Tsunami A sea wave of local or distant origin that results from large-scale seafloor displacements associated with large earthquakes, major submarine slides, or exploding volcanic islands.
8. Current State of the Art 5,000 M Surface Buoy Hydrophone Anchor Tsunami Detector Acoustic Link Satellite Gonzalez, F.I. (1999): Tsunami!. Scientific American, 280(5), 56-65
12. Genesis Tsunami Coastal Alert Anchor Tsunami trough threshold level Receding sea trigger Anchor line under constant spring tension at buoy
13. Genesis Tsunami Coastal Alert Anchor Tsunami trough threshold level Tsunami trough (receding sea) Tension in anchor line pulls buoy into contact with trigger Flares ignited to signal coastal communities Satellite, RF, audible alarms execute responsive to contact with trigger
14. Genesis Tsunami Coastal Alert Buoy measures tsunami crest – broadcasts satellite data for emergency response in other areas.
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16. Genesis Tsunami Offshore Alert Responsive to seismic event GTOA releases non-buoyant pressure sensors at multiple depths below normal wave action. Genesis Offshore 02
17. Genesis Tsunami Offshore Alert Detachable pressure sensors Pressure changes below predetermined depth are indicators of tsunami activity. NOAA’s DART system uses pressure sensors that are permanently mounted to seabed. Prone to failure. Genesis Offshore 02
18. Genesis Tsunami Offshore Alert Detachable pressure sensors Pressure changes below predetermined depth are indicators of tsunami activity. Seismic event detected – Genesis Offshore buoys drop pressure sensors to multiple depths. Pressure Wave Genesis Offshore 02
19. Genesis Tsunami Offshore Alert Detachable pressure sensors Pressure changes below predetermined depth are indicators of tsunami activity. Pressure readings are relayed to monitoring station. Multiple readings provide more accurate analysis of deep pressure readings. Satellite Genesis Offshore 02
20. Genesis Drop Sensor Lead weight is adjusted so that rate of decent is controlled so that multiple sensors reach their operating depth in synchronization. Sensor is maintained above waterline before release. No fouling or damage from deep sea mounting. Pressure transducer supplied by Paroscientific, Inc. – Quartz crystal detection of flex of Bourdon tube. Telemetry and support line.
Figure 2. DART tsunameters are now used in a few strategic locations in the deep ocean to measure tsunami waves unaltered by shoaling and refl ections at a coast. The tsunameters sense the pressure induced on the ocean bottom by passing tsunami waves, transmit these data by acoustic modem to an oceansurface buoy moored nearby, and from the buoy the data are sent via satellite to the warning centers.
