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Trigonometric
Identities
Trigonometric Identity
Equalities that involve trigonometric
functions and are true for every single
value of the occurring variables.
 Identities involving certain functions of
one or more angles.
3 Groups or Relation
Reciprocal Relation
Quotient Relation
Pythagorean Relation
Reciprocal Relation
The inverse trigonometric
functions are partial inverse
functions for the
trigonometric functions.
tan𝜃 =
y
x
and cot𝜃 =
x
y
therefore, tanθ and cotθ
are reciprocals of each other. The same thing
can be said about sinθ and cscθ as well as cosθ
and secθ.
𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽 =
𝟏
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽
𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 =
𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
𝒄𝒔𝒄𝜽 =
𝟏
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
Since the product of a number and its
reciprocal equals 1, these relations may
also be written as:
tanθcotθ=1
cosθsecθ=1
sinθcscθ=1
Quotient
Relation
Simplifying,
sinθ
cosθ
=
y
x
. But 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
y
x
.
So by transivity;
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 =
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
Since cotθ is the reciprocal of tanθ the
quotient can be derived to get
𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽 =
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
Pythagorean
Relation
 The basic relationship between the sine and
the cosine is the Pythagorean trigonometric
identity:
where cos2 θ means (cos(θ))2 and sin2 θ
means (sin(θ))2.
 This can be viewed as a version of
the Pythagorean theorem, and follows from
the equation x2 + y2 = 1for the unit circle.
By Pythagorean Theorem, 𝑥2
+ 𝑦2
=
𝑟2
. Dividing both members by r²
results to
x2
r2 +
y2
𝑟2 = 1. Since 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
x
r
and 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 =
y
r
, then,
cos²θ + sin²θ=1
Dividing both members or 𝒙 𝟐
+ 𝒚 𝟐
= 𝒓 𝟐
by x²
you get;
1 + tan²θ = sec²θ
dividing by y², you get;
cot²θ + 1 = csc²θ
Activity
A. Fill in the blanks to complete the table.
The Fundamental Trigonometric Identities and Their Alternate Forms
sinθcscθ = 1 1.
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 =
1
cscθ
2.
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 =
1
cosθ
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
1
secθ
tanθcotθ = 1
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 =
1
tanθ
3.
4.
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 =
1
tanθ
5.
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 =
sinθ
cosθ
6. 7.
sin²θ + cos²θ = 1 8. cos²θ = 1 - sin²θ
9. tan²θ = sec²θ - 1 sec²θ - tan²θ = 1
1 + cot²θ = csc²θ cot²θ = csc²θ - 1 10.
B. Use the fundamental identities to find
the values of the other trigonometric
functions.
1. tanθcotθ = ___________
2. csc²θ = ____________
3.
sinθ
cosθ
= ___________
4. cosθ = ____________
5. sinθ = ___________
Assignment
What are the terminologies
used in the graphs of
trigonometric function?
Define each.
Reference: Trigonometry
pages 141-142

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Trigonometric Identities.

  • 2. Trigonometric Identity Equalities that involve trigonometric functions and are true for every single value of the occurring variables.  Identities involving certain functions of one or more angles.
  • 3. 3 Groups or Relation Reciprocal Relation Quotient Relation Pythagorean Relation
  • 4. Reciprocal Relation The inverse trigonometric functions are partial inverse functions for the trigonometric functions.
  • 5. tan𝜃 = y x and cot𝜃 = x y therefore, tanθ and cotθ are reciprocals of each other. The same thing can be said about sinθ and cscθ as well as cosθ and secθ. 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽 = 𝟏 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 = 𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝜽 = 𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
  • 6. Since the product of a number and its reciprocal equals 1, these relations may also be written as: tanθcotθ=1 cosθsecθ=1 sinθcscθ=1
  • 8. Simplifying, sinθ cosθ = y x . But 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = y x . So by transivity; 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
  • 9. Since cotθ is the reciprocal of tanθ the quotient can be derived to get 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
  • 10. Pythagorean Relation  The basic relationship between the sine and the cosine is the Pythagorean trigonometric identity: where cos2 θ means (cos(θ))2 and sin2 θ means (sin(θ))2.  This can be viewed as a version of the Pythagorean theorem, and follows from the equation x2 + y2 = 1for the unit circle.
  • 11. By Pythagorean Theorem, 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2 . Dividing both members by r² results to x2 r2 + y2 𝑟2 = 1. Since 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = x r and 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = y r , then, cos²θ + sin²θ=1
  • 12. Dividing both members or 𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒚 𝟐 = 𝒓 𝟐 by x² you get; 1 + tan²θ = sec²θ
  • 13. dividing by y², you get; cot²θ + 1 = csc²θ
  • 15. A. Fill in the blanks to complete the table. The Fundamental Trigonometric Identities and Their Alternate Forms sinθcscθ = 1 1. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 1 cscθ 2. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 1 cosθ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 1 secθ tanθcotθ = 1 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = 1 tanθ 3. 4. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = 1 tanθ 5. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = sinθ cosθ 6. 7. sin²θ + cos²θ = 1 8. cos²θ = 1 - sin²θ 9. tan²θ = sec²θ - 1 sec²θ - tan²θ = 1 1 + cot²θ = csc²θ cot²θ = csc²θ - 1 10.
  • 16. B. Use the fundamental identities to find the values of the other trigonometric functions. 1. tanθcotθ = ___________ 2. csc²θ = ____________ 3. sinθ cosθ = ___________ 4. cosθ = ____________ 5. sinθ = ___________
  • 17. Assignment What are the terminologies used in the graphs of trigonometric function? Define each. Reference: Trigonometry pages 141-142