The document discusses common biomedical waste treatment facilities (CBWTF) and their advantages over individual treatment by small healthcare units. It notes that CBWTF address costs and prevent proliferation of equipment by running treatment, like incineration, at full capacity. The main treatment methods discussed are incineration, autoclaving, shredding, and secured landfill disposal. Incineration treats around 90% of biomedical waste in Warangal by reducing it to inert ash and gases at high temperatures. Autoclaving and shredding also help treat waste in an environmentally-safe manner.

1. SANTOSH YADAV
MTECH(EE)
NIT WARANGAL(AP)

2.  Bio-medical waste, generated from a number of healthcare units, is
imparted necessary treatment to reduce adverse effects that this waste
may pose.
 Installation of individual treatment facilities by small healthcare units
requires comparatively high capital investment. In addition, it requires
separate manpower and infrastructure development for proper
operation and maintenance of treatment systems.
 A Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) is used
for treatment and disposal of BMW.
 The concept of CBWTF not only addresses costs related problem but
also prevents proliferation of treatment equipment in a city.
 By running the treatment equipment at CBWTF to its full capacity, the
cost of treatment of per kilogram gets significantly reduced.

3.  Due to increase the population the amount of biomedical waste
generation also increased it requires attention .
 Within the domain of municipal solid waste, biomedical waste
acquires a special dimension, since it is infectious and
hazardous.
 It is capable of spreading disease or be harmful to individuals.
 The amount of infectious waste is around 25% and non-
infectious wastes constitutes nearly 75%. In the absence of
proper segregation, the non-infectious waste becomes infectious
and poses environmental threat to the society.
 An inappropriate treatment and disposal can spread infectious
diseases like tuberculosis, hepatitis, enteric fever, HIV infection,
or even AIDS.

4. Color coding Types of
container
Waste
category
Treatment
option
Yellow Plastic bag Human
anatomical/Ani
mal waste
Incineration
Red Disinfected
container/
plastic bag
Microbiology
and
Biotechnology ,
Soiled And
Solid
waste
Autoclaving/Mi
crowaving /
Chemical
Treatment

5. Color coding Types of
container
Waste category Treatment option
Blue Plastic
bag/puncture
proof
container
Waste Sharps, Solid
Waste
Autoclaving/Micro
waving / Chemical
Treatment and
Shredding
Black Plastic bag Discarded medicines
and cytotoxic drugs,
Incineration ash,
Chemical waste
Disposable secured
landfill

6.  Treatment and disposal of the biomedical waste shall be done
by the following methods
 Incineration.
 Autoclaving.
Shredding.
 Disposal option.

7.  INCINERATION
 85% to 90% of the total BMW is treated by Incineration.
 Incineration systems uses high temperature combustion under
controlled conditions to convert wastes containing infectious
and pathological material to inert mineral residues and gases.
 Incineration is a process where the combustible waste is
reduced to exhaust gaseous products and the incombustible
waste is reduced to ash
 The key parameter in an incinerator are
 Temperature should be 900-1000*C .
 The waste be exposed for at least two seconds
 Incinerator should have the air pollution control
equipment.

8. BRAND TYPE &MODEL Make controlled air Oil Fired Incinerator,
Model
TYPE OF WASTE Bio-medical Waste
BURNING CAPACITY 100 kg/hr
COMBUSTION
EFFICIENCY
99.0%
POLLUTION CONTROL
EQUIPMENT
Cyclone separator, Droplet Separator .
MODE OF WASTE
HANDLING
Manual
MODE OF ASH
HANDLING
Manual

9. DOORS 1 waste charging door in primary chamber
1 ash removal door in primary chamber
1 ash removal door in cyclone separator
OPERATING HOURS (Total Quantity) ÷ (Capacity/hr)+1-1 ½ hrs for
preheat & cooling of furnace
TYPE OF FUEL DIESEL
TYPEOFBURNER
OPERATION
Automatic ON-OFF
CONNECTED
ELECTRICAL LOAD
Approx.7 kW (AC3 phase, 400/440V, 50
cycles,4 wire)
OPERATING
TEMPERATURE
PRIMARY CHAMBER
SECONDARY
CHAMBER
8000C ± 500C
10500C ± 500C

10.  AUTOCLAVING
 The autoclave process is technology for the treatment of
microbiology laboratory waste, human blood any body fluid
waste, waste sharps and anatomical waste.
 Autoclaving is a time-tested process of sterilization of medical
waste using high temperature and high pressure steam.
 Typical operating conditions for an autoclave are a
temperature of at least 1210C at a pressure of 105 kPa for a
period of atleast 1hour.
 Effective sterilization results in the destruction of bacteria,
virus, spores, fungi and other pathogenic microorganisms.

11.  Shredders are used to destroy plastic and paper waste to
prevent their reuse.
 After autoclaving the plastic waste is sent to the shredder.
The shredded waste is sold out to authorized plastic molding
units.
 Only waste that is disinfected should be used in a shredder.
 This reduces the bulk of waste making transportation easy.
 Shredder have a set of revolving blades/shafts, which cut the
waste into small pieces.
 Maintainance costs is high.

12.  Incineration ash - Secured landfill.
 Treated solid waste - Municipal landfill
 Sharps, after disinfection ( if encapsulated ) - Municipal
landfill
 Treated wastewater - Sewer/drain or recycling)
 Oil & grease - incineration

13.  Reduction in public health hazard.
 Decrease in pollution emissions.
 Lower collection, treatment, and overall healthcare
costs.

14.  The Bio-Medical Waste generated from the hospitals and all
other source will be treated without polluting the environment.
 In warangal 90% BMW is treated by The incineration process.
 All the above treatment and disposal process is done within the
norms of CPCB & guidelines.
 The remaining material after incineration is safely disposed
according to the CPCB guidelines.
 Incineration of Bio-Medical Waste is one of the techno-
economical viable scheme, which have many advantages such as
significant volume reduction, weight reduction & also ability to
manage most types of wastes with little processing before
treatment.

15.  International Journal of Environmental Science and
Development, Vol. 1, No. 3, August 2010 ISSN: 2010-0264.
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 Institute of Town Planners, India Journal 6 - 2, 01-25, April -
June 2009
 Journal of ISHWM Vol 5 Issue 1 April 2006.
 Sandhya Arunkumar, R Sathish Muthukumar ,” Biomedical
waste disposal in dental clinics”SRM University Journal of
Dental Sciences Volume 2, Issue 2, April - June 2011,
 Dr. D.S.Vyas, Mr. Urvij B. Dave,” The Safe Disposal of Bio-
Medical Waste” National Conference on Recent Trends in
Engineering & Technology
 http://cpcb.nic.in/Bio_medical.php
 http://www.appcb.ap.nic.in/biomedical/grievance_cell.ht
m