This document defines hospital waste and hospital waste management. It discusses the classification, composition, sources, and health risks of hospital waste. It also outlines the key steps in managing hospital waste, including training, generation, segregation, collection, transportation, storage, treatment, and final disposal. Color coding and proper handling, collection, and record keeping are important practices. Treatment methods include incineration at high temperatures. The document notes issues with hospital waste management practices in Bangladesh, including a lack of implementation, guidelines, and political priority given to hazardous waste management. Only a few NGOs are actively working on hospital waste collection and treatment in the country.

1. Colonel Zulfiquer Ahmed Amin
M Phil, MPH, PGD (Health Economics), MBBS
Armed Forces Medical Institute (AFMI)

2. Definition:

3. • Hospital waste is “Any waste which is
generated in the diagnosis, treatment or
immunization of human beings or animals or
in research” in a hospital. This is also called
‘Bio-Medical Waste’ (BMW).
• Hospital Waste Management means the
management of waste produced by hospitals
using such techniques that will help to check
the spread of diseases through.

4. Medical Waste Generation in Asia
Developing Countries: 1-2 kg/patient/day

5. Classification of Hospital Waste:
Hazardous:
Non-Hazardous:

8. Composition:

9. Composition:

10. Sources of Hospital Waste

11. Health Risks from Poor Hospital Waste Management

13. Health Hazards:
In genetics, Genotoxicity describes the property of chemical agents that
damages the genetic information within a cell causing mutations, which
may lead to cancer.
Cytotoxicity is the quality of being toxic to cells.

14. Management of Healthcare Waste
• National Policy, Strategy, Plan, Guidelines and SOP
• Legislation/ Rules for waste management
• Political commitment
• Committed manpower
• Good Management
• Proper budgetary allocation
Effective Waste Management needs:

15. Waste Management Hierarchy

17. WHO Hospital Waste Management Cycle

18. Steps in Management of Hospital Waste
Steps in the management of hospital waste include : -
- Training and Awareness
- Generation
- Segregation / separation
- Collection
- Transportation
- Storage
- Treatment
- Final disposal

20. Waste Minimization
Waste minimization is a process of elimination that
involves reducing the amount of waste produced in society
and helps to eliminate the generation of harmful and
persistent wastes.

22. Waste Identification

23. WHO Recommended Colour Code

24. Colour Code Practice in CMHs

26. Waste Segregation
- Waste segregation means dividing or separating waste at
earliest opportunity, at point of origin.
- Not allowing hazardous waste to mix-up with non-
hazardous waste.

28. Waste Handling

29. Out-Fit of Waste-Handler

30. Waste Collection

31. Transportation

33. Record Keeping

34. Treatment and Final Disposal of Hospital Waste
Principles are:
(Temp over 850 degree Centigrade)

36. The hospital waste management practices somehow have not been
given appropriate attention and importance in Bangladesh. Other
problems include:
-Lack of implementation of guideline
-Existing gaps within the waste management rule 2008
-Problem in Environmental Act 1995
-Lack of interest and unity
-Economic constrains
-Following the old management
-Corruption of the lower level
-Hazardous waste management is not high in the political agenda
-Lack of responsibilities and supervision
-Inadequate enforcement of existing pollution control laws.
Hospital Waste Management- Practices in Bangladesh

37. There are only three NGOs in Bangladesh that are actively
working in the field of hospital waste management. These NGOs
are PRISM (Project in Agriculture, Rural Industry, Science and
Medicine) Bangladesh in Dhaka city, BASA (Bangladesh
Association for Social Development) in Tongi and Shawpno in
Bagura.
They are collecting the waste from the hospitals with a nominal
service charge. Among the three NGOs, PRISM Bangladesh along
with DCC is properly collecting and treating the hospital waste
up to final disposal. There are only 342 hospitals, clinics and
diagnostic centres under PRISM Hospital waste management
program. Rest of the healthcare institutions follow none, or their
own or old system.