This document discusses transit oriented development (TOD) principles and their application in new cities in India. It provides examples of TOD planning for areas around bus rapid transit corridors in Navanagar, Hubli-Dharwad and for redesigning a sector in Naya Raipur to better integrate with a proposed BRT system. The document advocates using TOD principles like increased density near transit, mixed-use development, and prioritizing pedestrian and cyclist access to encourage public transit usage and reduce emissions. Comparisons of existing and proposed redesigned sectors show improvements in transit accessibility and density under proposed TOD plans.

1. 11/8/12
Transit Oriented Development
in new cities of India !
November, 2012 !
!
!
!
EMBARQ India "
Our Challenge"
If
we
want
to
achieve
the
2
degree
target
…
…
we
need
to
limit
per
capita
emission
to
2t
CO2
eqv.
(IPCC
2007).
Transport
460
kg
CO2
per
capita/year
Source:
Bongardt
2010
1

2. 11/8/12
Our Challenge"
"
Urban mode share is not coupled with
economic growth"
2

3. 11/8/12
1999,
Bogota
Columbia
2009,
Ahmedabad
-­‐
India
6
3

4. 11/8/12
Cities
with
BRT/Bus
Corridors
25 125
Guanghzhou,
Hefei,
Yancheng,
Zaozhuang -­‐China
Jaipur
-­‐ India;
Pelembang,
Gorontalo,
Surakata
-­‐ Indonesia
20 Bangkok
-­‐ Thailand;
East
London
Transit
-­‐ UK 100
João
Pessoa
-­‐ Brazil;
Barranquilla,
Bucaramanga
-­‐ Colombia 17
Estado
México
-­‐ México;
Lima
-­‐ Perú;
Brampton
-­‐ Canada 16
15 75
13
Bogotá
TransMilenio
Los
Angeles
Metrorapid
10 50
8 888
Curitiba 7
5 5
5 4 25
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 11 1 1 1 11 11
0
0 0
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Source:
EMBARQ
BRT/Bus
Corridors
Database,
January,
2011
The “Avoid-Shift-Improve” Strategy"
SHIFT
towards
lower
emiVng
modes
of
transport
IMPROVE
AVOID
technological
the
distance
or
and
operaWonal
number
of
trips
efficiency
of
vehicles
BENEFITS
Air
quality,
health,
safety,
climate,
economy,
development,
etc.
4

5. 11/8/12
Avoid: Transit Oriented Development" Image
Source:
CTS
Mexico
NON-­‐MOTORISED
TRANSPORT
PUBLIC
TRANSPORT
PUBLIC
SPACES
DENSITY
AND
MIXED
USES
URBAN
FORM
PARKING,
DEMAND
MANAGEMENT
AND
ROAD
SAFETY
PARTICIPATORY
PLANNING
Avoid Strategy: Integration of Transport & Landuse in
Master Plans
Today 2041
Automobility Sustainable
Transport
Population
(millions) 5.4 13.2 13.2
Trips (millions/yr) 5.6 39.75 39.75
Area
(Sq.
Km.) 1330 6484 3242
Emissions
(million
Tons
CO2/yr) 0.33 12.32 1.97
Traffic
Fatalities
(per
yr) 175 5,232 1,225
5

6. 11/8/12
1.
Hubli-­‐Dharwad|
TOD
along
BRT
Corridor
|
Karnataka
-­‐
India
Hubli-Dharwad BRT Corridor "
Dharwad!
Navanagar!
Hubli!
6

7. 11/8/12
Navanagar: Proposed Landuse in Master Plan"
STUDY AREA BOUNDARY
BRT BUS STOP
KHB LAYOUT
GOVT. OFFICES
TECH PARK
NAVANAGAR TOWN
APMC
CANCER HOSPITAL
AMARGOL VILLAGE
PRIVATE PROPERTIES
COMMERCIAL AREAS
OPEN SPACES
TOD Workshop – Discussing Opportunities for Navanagar"
7

8. 11/8/12
Promoting public life and social interactions through safe
and attractive public spaces"
5.2
Proposed land use zoning
Increase BRT ridership through
Multi-modal Integration and Station Area Design"
8

9. 11/8/12
Safe and seamless movement of people through
Complete Streets and Mobility Networks"
TOD
Principles
ExisTng
SituaTon
Notes
Transit! BRT proposed along Pune- Need for feeder service to increase
Bangalore Road! accessibility to & from BRT!
NMT! Navanagar has no pedestrian & Continuous barrier free NMT
bicycle infrastructure! network with pedestrian priority
zones.!
Public Spaces! Public spaces allocated in Interconnected public spaces with
housing layouts and along the pedestrian walkways & bicycle
corridor. ! lanes!
Density! Low residential density with Gradation of density proposed.!
FAR consumed less than half of
permissible limit. !
Mixed Use! Single use generally observed. ! Mixed use encouraged. !
Demand Management, Very low traffic volumes. ! Utilizing RoW effectively to achieve
Parking & Road Safety! complete streets. !
Participation! No participation.! Arrived at multiple design proposals
with multiple stakeholders. !
9

10. 11/8/12
2.
Sector
Design
|Bus
Rapid
Transit
|
Naya
Raipur
Naya Raipur"
Naya Raipur would be a planned and designed new city of the 21st century
to be a focus of socioeconomic and cultural life of the state of Chhattisgarh
having its role and recognition at national and international levels.!
!
Important components include: !
Modern mass transit system, coupled with a city wide pedestrian corridor
linking all major urban activities.!
A visually pleasing cityscape in tune with the aesthetic principles of urban
design and landscaping, Pedestrian friendly neighbourhoods !
Source: NRDA!
10

11. 11/8/12
TOD in Naya Raipur"
Various parameters of analysis of an existing sector to understand strengths / weaknesses "
FSI and densities " Road network and hierarchy" Urban Form "
Land use " Open space/ public space" Dwelling unit density " Junction hierarchy "
TOD in Naya Raipur"
m
800 800
m
EXISTING SECTORAL DIVISION
11

12. 11/8/12
TOD in Naya Raipur"
LOCATION OF BRT STATION WITH RANGE OF PROXIMITIES
TOD in Naya Raipur"
LAYING THE PEDESTRIAN GRID AND EXISTING NATURAL FEATURES
12

13. 11/8/12
TOD in Naya Raipur"
HIGHEST DENSITY CLOSEST TO BRT STATION
TOD in Naya Raipur"
GRADATION OF DENSITY FROM THE TRANSIT POINT
13

14. 11/8/12
TOD in Naya Raipur"
GREEN CORRIDOR ALONG NATURAL FEATURES
TOD in Naya Raipur"
DEMARCATING OPEN SPACE HIERARCHY AS PER NATURAL FEATURES
14

15. 11/8/12
TOD in Naya Raipur"
DEMARCATING CROSS SPINES WITH THE BUILT EDGE
TOD in Naya Raipur"
DEMARCATING SECTOR EDGES AND CORNERS WITH MEDIUM DENSITY
15

16. 11/8/12
TOD in Naya Raipur"
DEMARCATING SECTOR EDGES WITH MEDIUM DENSITY
TOD in Naya Raipur"
MEDIUM DENSITY RESIDENTIAL TOWARDS THE BRT CORRIDOR
16

17. 11/8/12
TOD in Naya Raipur"
LOWEST DENSITY RESIDENTIAL AWAY FROM THE BRT CORRIDOR
Naya Raipur – Comparative Indicators"
Original
Design
Proposed
Design
BRT BR
Sto T
S
p
top
Criteria " Original Design" Proposed Design "
Transit station adjacent density ! 100 ppH! 600 ppH!
Transit corridor density ! 300 ppH! 500 ppH!
Transit adjacent mixed use ! 20%! 50%!
5 min walk distance to transit stop ! 30% population! 50% population !
Walk trip distance to amenities ! 5 to 10 mins! 2 to 5 mins !
Hierarchy of greens ! Centrally concentrated ! Well distributed !
Natural features and contour conservation! 50% ! 80% !
Population accommodated in sector! 11,000! 15,000!
Connectivity across quadrants ! Poor ! Good !
Legibility of urban form ! Poor! Good!
17

18. 11/8/12
TOD Principles" Existing Situation" Notes "
Transit! Bus Rapid Transit corridor Sector designed to provide direct
proposed along Sector .! access to BRT station. !
NMT! Poor access to the BRT station. Continuous barrier free pedestrian
No physical planning for and bicycle pathways towards BRT
transfer to feeders. No special station.!
treatment / lanes for bicycles.!
Public Spaces! Centrally planned and not Well distributed hierarchy of public
evenly distributed.! spaces. Utilize existing natural
features and contours. !
Density! Density does not correspond Gradation of density proposed. !
with proximity to the BRT
corridor. !
Mixed Use! Limited mixed use permitted but Suggest type and increase in mixed
allocation not specified. ! uses close to the BRT station and
along intersectoral roads.!
Demand Management, 1.67 ECS per 100sqm. No DCRs assessed and
Parking & Road Safety! strategy for demand recommendations suggested.
management. ! Improve safety through street
design. !
Participation! No participation. ! Arrived at multiple design proposals
with multiple stakeholders.!
THE EMBARQ NETWORK"
“The
EMBARQ
global
network
catalyses
environmentally
and
financially
sustainable
transport
solu?ons
to
improve
quality
of
life
in
ci?es.”
18

19. 11/8/12
Thank you" CiTes
1. Navanagar, Hubli Dharwad –
Transit Station Area Masterplan!
2. Indiranagar, Bangalore –
Metro Accessibility!
Ahmedabad
3. MIDC, Mumbai – Improving
Naya
Raipur
Quality of Built Environment!
Mumbai
4. Adarsh Palm Retreat, Godrej
Garden City - Residential
Hubli
-­‐
Dharwad
Townships!
Bangalore
5. Sector 30, Naya Raipur –
Greenfield Sector Planning!
19