The Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) encompasses an area of 4,355 km² with a population of approximately 17.76 million, making it a significant urban area in India. The region includes various municipalities and administrative bodies aimed at coordinated urban planning and development, with a focus on managing urbanization and providing necessary infrastructure. Historical evolution highlights Mumbai's transition from a group of islands to a prominent urban metropolis, highlighting significant developments and planning initiatives over the centuries.

1. MUMBAI
SK. INTEKHAB ALAM
METROPOLITAN REGION

2. WHAT IS METROPOLITAN REGION
A formal local government area comprising the urban areas as a whole and its primary
commuter areas; typically formed around a city with a large concentration of people (
i.e. , a population of at least 100,000).
In addition to the city proper, a metropolitan area includes both the surrounding
territory with urban levels of residential density and some additional lower- density areas
that are adjacent to and linked to the city ( e.g. Through frequent transport, road
linkages or commuting facilities)
Sources: UNDESA

3. CITY SCALE
•Area: 3,287,590 km2
•Population: 1,131.04 millions
•Density: 344/km2
•GDP: 8.9%
•No. of State: 29
•Area: 307,713 km2
•Population: 105millions
•Density: 343/km2
•GDP: 13%
•No. of districts: 35
India Maharashtra State Mumbai metropolitan
region
•Area: 4,355 km2
(1.4% of State area)
•Population: 17.76million
(16% of State Pop.)
•Density: 4080 per/km2
•GDP: 39%
Greater Mumbai
•Area: 438 km2
(10% of State area)
•Population: 11.98million
(67% of region Pop.)
•Density: 27.4per/km2
•GDP: 26%
Source: Urban Age Project

5. The Mumbai Metropolitan Region extends
over an area of 4355 sq. km and comprises
Municipal Corporations of Greater
Mumbai, Thane, Kalyan, Navi Mumbai
and Ulhasnagar; 15 municipal towns; 7
non-municipal urban centers; and
995 villages. Its administrative limits
cover Mumbai City and Mumbai
Suburban Districts, and parts of Thane
and Raigad District. There are 40
Planning Authorities in the Region
that are responsible for the micro-level
planning of the different areas.
THE MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION

6. URBAN HISTORY(1600s)
•Mumbai initially known as ‘Bombay’ was
originally an archipelago of seven islands –
Colaba, Malabar Hill, Worli, Mazgaon, Parel,
Mahim & Sion. These islands were inhabited
by farmers and fisherman and the land was
extensively covered with forests.
•By late 15th century, after quite a few
invasions and rulers, the Portuguese took
over the islands and ruled without opposition
for over a century.
• In 1668, the Crown rented Bombay to the
East India Company.
Source: http://www.mumbai.org.uk
HOW MUMBAI BECAME AS A
METROPOLITAN REGION?

7. URBAN HISTORY(1800s)
•The Hornby Vellard was one of the first
engineering projects to be undertaken in Mumbai.
• The seven islands were finally merged into one
single mass in 1845, and in 1853, the country's
first railway connection was
accomplished between Bombay and
Thane. The city was under the rule of the
Company's hands until the revolt in 1857.
Mahim
Worli
Mazagon
Bombay
Colava
Little Colava
Parel
Land Reclamation
Bombay Reclamation
It took 60 yrs to merge the seven Islands

8. •In 1853, the country's first railway connection
was accomplished between Bombay and Thane.
•In 1854, the first textile mill was founded in
Bombay.
•The city was under the rule of the Company's
hands until the revolt in 1857.
In 1865, the Bombay Municipal Corporation
was established, and, in 1896, the Bombay
Improvement Trust was created.
•The opening up of the Suez Canal in 1869 also
meant that connections between Bombay and
the rest of the world were open, resulting in
Bombay becoming one of the major ports in
India.
Bombay
Thane
Bombay
Port
Bombay
Cotton mill
Bombay First Railway LineSource: http://www.mumbai.org.uk
URBAN HISTORY(1850s)

9. •In 1950, the city expanded northward with the
inclusion of portions of Salsette Island, and by
1957 a number of suburban towns - including
Bandra, Andheri, Malad & Borivali - and some
villages of Thane were incorporated into Greater
Bombay, with an area of 169 square miles (434
km²).
•In 1925 electrified train was started.
Bombay
Urban Sprawls
Bandra
Borivali
Andheri
Malad
Thane
Bombay and Urban Sprawls
URBAN HISTORY(1900s)
Source: http://www.archidev.org

10. Expansion of Bombay
Navi Mumbai : Need for a new city
To reduce the growth of population in Mumbai city by
creating an attractive urban centre which will –
•Absorb the immigrants who will otherwise go to
Mumbai.
• Attract some of Mumbai’s present population so that
overall population of Greater Mumbai can be contained
within a manageable limit.
•To provide physical and social services, raising the
living standards and reducing the disparities in the
amenities available to the different sections of the
population
MMRDA was formed
Established in 1975 under MMRDA Act,1974 for
Planning, co-ordinating and supervising the proper,
orderly and rapid development of the areas in the region
and executing plans, projects and schemes for such
development, and to provide for matters connected there
with MMRDA Source: Dwivedi and Mehrotra, 1995.
URBAN HISTORY(1950s)

11. Powers of MMRDA include ….
To freeze or restrict development, where necessary
To give directions
To require local authority to assume responsibility in certain area
To impose conditions while financing schemes
To levy a Cess on buildings and lands for activities in the Act
To levy Betterment Charges on increased land value as a consequence of
its projects
Role of MMRDA
Spatial planning at regional level
Micro planning through SPA
Co-ordinating development
Development financing
Execution of special projects
Providing Technical Assistance to ULBs

12. MMRDA
Source: Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority
Area 4355 sq.km
Population 1.92 Cr (2001)
Districts in MMR 1. Mumbai
2. Suburban
3. Thane
4. Raigad
Corporations in MMR 1. Greater Mumbai 2. Thane 3. Navi
Mumbai 4. Ulhas Nagar 5. Kalyan-
Dombivali 6. Mira Bhayandar 7.
Bhiwandi- Nizampur MUMBAI
METROPOLITAN REGION
Mumbai Khopoli Pen Alibag
Badlapur Panvel Uran Matheran
Karjat Navi Mumbai Raigad Dist. 7.
Bhiwandi- Nizampur 8. Vasai-Virar
Municipal Councils in MMR 1. Ambernath 2. Kulgaon-Badlapur
3. Alibaug 4. Pen 5. Uran 6.
Matheran Hill Station 7. Panvel 8.
Karjat 9. Khopoli
Villages 1000
Urbanisation 94% Urban Population 6% Rural
Population

13. Chapter-2 Regional Setting
2.1 Tehsils/District in MMR
2.2 Planning Authorities in MMR.
2.3 Daily mean Temperature at different stations in MMR.
2.4 Humidity at different stations in MMR
2.5 Wind Direction and Speed at different stations in MMR.
2.6 Rainfall at different stations in MMR
2.7 Urban Sprawl
2.8 Existing Land use 1991 23
2.9 Existing Land use

14. Chapter-3 Population Growth, Characteristics and Projections
3.1 Growth of population in Greater Mumbai
3.2 Population Growth : 1971-91 32
3.3 Projection by Ratio Method – Greater Mumbai.
3.4 Projection by Ratio Method – MMR
3.5 Proposed Regions and Sub-Regions in MMR
3.6 MMR Population 1971, 1981, 1991.
3.7 MMR Projected Population 2001-2011.

15. Chapter 4 Regional Economy
4.1 Regional Domestic Product 1980.
4.2 Regional Domestic Product 1990.
4.3 Employment Changes in Greater Mumbai.
4.4 Size-wise Number of Establishments in Greater Mumbai.
4.5 Employment by Size of Establishments in Greater Mumbai.
4.6 Formal Sector Employment in Mumbai 1980-90
4.6 Industrial Employment in Greater Mumbai and MMR –1980-81 to 1990-91
4.8 Employment in Registered Factories 1961-88.
4.9 Households below poverty line (1991 prices).
Chapter 5 Regional Development Strategy
PART- 2
Chapter 6 Industrial Growth Policy
6.1 Employment Share of Major Industries in MMR 1990-91
6.2 Employment in Major Industries in MMR.
6.3 Value Added in Major Industries in MMR.
6.4 Output of Major Industries in MMR.
Chapter 7 Office Location Policy
7.1 Spatial Distribution of Office Establishments in Greater Mumbai in 1980 & 1990
7.2 Spatial Distribution of Office Employment In Greater Mumbai in 1980 & 1990
7.3 Distribution of Office Employment by size of Establishments in Greater Mumbai in 1990

16. Chapter 8 Shelter Needs and Strategies
8.1 Shelter Supply in MMR
8.2 Conventional Supply Scenario.
8.3 Moderate Supply Scenario.
8.4 Accelerated Supply Scenario
8.5 Viability of Slum Redevelopment.
Chapter 9 Urban Land Policy
9.1 Property Taxes Revenues
9.2 Property Taxes in Greater Mumbai.
9.3 Incentives for Land Assembly : Gross & Net FSI.
9.4 Incentives for provision of Social Facility and Arterial Roads.
9.5 Incentives for provision of Social Facility and Arterial Roads.
9.6 Incentives for small plot provision.
9.7 Incentives for provision of small plots for low income groups.
Chapter 10 Water Resource Planning and Development
10.1 Mumbai Hydrometric Area.
10.2 Water Demand and Supply in MMR
10.3 MMR Water Demand.

17. Chapter 11 Transportation : A Strategic Perspective
11.1 Growth of Vehicles and population in MMR.
11.2 Growth of Private and Other Vehicles.
11.3 Total Travel Demand in MMR.
11.4 Road and Rail Network Existing.
11.5 MMR Rail System 1994.
11.6 Proposed Road Network
11.7 MMR Rail System Proposed.
11.8 Future Mass Transport Corridors.

18. Chapter 12 Environmental
Management
12.1 Greater Mumbai – SO2 Iso-lines
(Post Monsoon Period).
12.2 Greater Mumbai–NOx Iso-lines
(Post Monsoon Period).
12.3 Greater Mumbai – SPM Iso-lines
(Post Monsoon Period).

19. Chapter 13 Revised Land Use Plan
13.1 MMR Employment 1980, 1990, 2011.
13.2 Development Proposals for Bhiwandi.
13.3 Development Proposals for Ulhasnagar, Kalyan.
13.4 Development Proposals for Panvel.
13.5 Development Proposals for Khopta.
13.6 Development Proposals for Alibag-Rewas.
13.7 Development Proposals for Karjat.
13.8 Proposed Land use for MMR 1991-2011
13.9 Emerging Spatial Structure.

20. Chapter 14 Development Control
14.1 Proposed SPA Area.

22. Chapter 16 Institution, Infrastructure and Investment
16.1 Institutional, Framework for Regional Planning and Development.
Chapter 17 Information System
17.1 Information System for Strategic Planning for MMR.

23. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Urban Development department
Metropolitan committee
MMRDA Urban Local Bodies
SPA/NTDA
Regional Plan Development Plan Development Plan
Source: Concept Plan Report 2011

24. MMRDA: EARLY INITIATIVES – RP IMPLEMENTATION
• Office Location Policy – No new development for office and
wholesale establishment and FSI more than 1.33 in Island City
without MMRDA permission. (1977 to 1992)
• Industrial Location Policy – policy of restraining industrial
development in Island City and Suburbs
• Bandra Kurla Complex – Undertook planning and
development to bring about relocation of offices and Cloth
Market from SOBO
• Wadala Truck Terminal – Developed a project for
warehousing and parking of multiple consignment trucks for
decongestion of old Mumbai
• BUTP Bombay Urban Transport Project 1978-82 – MMRDA
as coordinating and monitoring agency. (Bus Transport + Fly
Overs)
Water Supply and Sanitation project 1977 – MMRDA as
project formulator benefiting per urban areas
Bandra Kurla
complex
Island
City
Navi
Mumbai
Karanja
Thane
Thane District
Raigad District
Vasai
Mira
Bhayandar
Alibaug,
Uran
Pen
Bhiwandi
Kalyan
Badlapur
Panvel

25. The Regional Plan 1973 diagnosed that in the absence of planned intervention
1. Industrial development in terms of value added and growth in employment will continue to be the basic activity which will
cause growth in other sectors as well as immigration to the Region.
2. In addition to industries, tertiary employment particularly in offices including Government offices will also become a major economic
activity causing concomitant growth in other sectors,
3. Industries, offices and commercial activities will continue to concentrate in south Mumbai which will make provisions of
infrastructure, particularly transport very costly,
4. Private land ownership and speculation in land market would restrict access to land of the poor and prevent land value gains being
recouped for infrastructure investment, and
5. There would be urban sprawl with hotch-potch development invading good agricultural
land leading to infrastructure demands which will be expensive to meet.
Based on the above diagnosis the Regional Plan adopted the following framework for its proposals
1. Supporting inter regional dispersal of industries to reduce immigration to MMR.
2. Promoting growth of Navi Mumbai and other growth centres like Kalyan by restricting growth of industries and offices in Mumbai,
as such decentralised pattern of growth would be cost effective in terms of investment requirement for infrastructure.
3. Bulk land acquisition is the only option available for controlling speculation and recouping land value gains for financing
infrastructure improvements.
4. Urban growth needs to be physically confined to well defined areas based on the desirable densities and population distribution and
rest of the region be conserved as agricultural/rural area.

26. INFERENCE
•Long term plan can provide framework for development control
•But it does not induce positive actions
•Actions transpire in response to current problems (not necessarily for achieving
Vision)
• Financial strength determines roles ‘Planning’ vs. ‘Projects’
• Judgment on quality of outcomes – difficult!
• Metropolitan governance is but a concept, since in reality it comprises a loose
bundle of multiple actors and organisations.

27. REFERENCES
1. Hema Priya ; REVISIT MUMBAI-the new spatial order, 2011
2. Concept Plan Report 2011
3. Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority
4. http://www.mcgm.gov.in
5. www.city-data.com
6. http://www.archidev.org
7. Urban India: Understanding the maximum city, by urban age, india