Shwetal Shah presented on key points of the Paris Agreement and India's Nationally Determined Contributions. The Paris Agreement aims to limit global temperature rise well below 2°C through country commitments to reduce emissions and transition to renewable energy. India's NDCs include reducing emissions intensity by 33-35% from 2005 levels by 2030, achieving 40% electricity from non-fossil fuel sources, and creating a carbon sink of 2.5-3 billion tons through additional forestry and tree cover. The Climate Change Department of Gujarat coordinates policy and encourages green technology to build a sustainable, climate-resilient future for the state.

1. Shwetal Shah
M. Sc. M. Tech.
Technical Advisor
Climate Change Department
Government of Gujarat
9904085859
6th April, 2018
Connect Karo – WRI & GCoM
India Habitat Centre, New Delhi

2. 2
“ One must Care
About a world
One will not see”
Mahatma Gandhi

3. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change
Adopted 1992 Entered into force 1995
Paris Agreement
Kyoto Protocol
Adopted 1997 Entered into force 2005
First Commitment Period 2008-2012
Adopted 2015 Signed 2016
Enters into force 4 November 2016
Paris Agreement

4. Paris Agreement:
25 pages from initial 1000 with 800 “square brackets”
• Preamble
• Definitions
• General/Objective
• Mitigation
• Role of forests
• Adaptation
• Loss and Damage
• Finance
• Capacity building
• Transparency of action and support
• Other matters
• Facilitating implementation and compliance
• Procedural and institutional provisions

5. Two long term goals and three cycles

6. Paris Agreement: Major Points
• Universal agreement involving all 195 countries while keeping CBDR principle Temperature and
emission goals:
• Provides a pathway forward to limit the temperature rise “well below 20” in comparison with the
pre-industrial level, the ultimate goal -1.50
• GHG emissions peaking “as soon as possible”, after 2050 should be balanced by removals by
sinks. (Net-zero goal). Explicit role of forests and hopes for development of “negative emissions”
technologies
• There is still a mismatch between the “carbon budget” set by IPCC and pledges of the Parties
• Transparent and accountable country commitments through (Intended) Nationally Determined
Contributions. Legally binding mechanisms for MRV+ transparency of support
• Fairness, equity, and justice in climate actions through mobilizing financial and technological support
for developing countries and scaling up global efforts to minimize losses and damages
• Financing ambitions during 2015 – 2020 period from developed to developing world to enhance the
level of their GHG reductions, building resilience, and capacity building stays at the same level – USD
100 bl annually
• Decision 1/CP 21 by which the Paris Agreement is adopted urges the developed countries to
increase the level of financing (para. 115 Decision 1/CP.21)

7. • Technology Transfer
• Capacity Building
• Mitigation and Adaptation are now of equal importance
• Adaptation: Paris Agreement establishes a “global goal” on adaptation of “enhancing adaptive
capacity, strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change”.
• Warsaw Mechanism on Loss and Damage is a separate topic (Art. 8).
Developed countries are urged to support the most vulnerable developing countries in such
activities as: early warning systems, emergency preparedness, slow onset events, events that
may involve irreversible loss and damage, comprehensive risk assessment and management,
risk insurance facilities and climate risk pooling, non-economic losses, resilience of
communities, eco-systems, and livelihoods.
• Agreement enhances Sustainable Development Goal 2030 (Goal # 13)
Paris Agreement: Major Points

8. India’s NDCs (Cont.)
1. To put forward and further propagate a healthy and sustainable way of
living based on traditions and values of conservation and moderation.
2. To adopt a climate friendly and a cleaner path than the one followed
hitherto by others at corresponding level of economic development.
3. To reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33 to 35 per cent by
2030 from 2005 level.
4. To achieve about 40 per cent cumulative electric power installed
capacity from non-fossil fuel based energy resources by 2030 with the
help of transfer of technology and low cost international finance
including from Green Climate Fund (GCF).
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9. India’s NDCs (Cont.)
5. To create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2
equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030.
6. To better adapt to climate change by enhancing investments in
development programmes in sectors vulnerable to climate change,
particularly agriculture, water resources, Himalayan region, coastal
regions, health and disaster management.
7. To mobilise domestic and new and additional funds from developed
countries to implement the above mitigation and adaptation actions in
view of the resource required and the resource gap.
8. To build capacities, create domestic framework and international
architecture for quick diffusion of cutting edge climate technology in
India and for joint collaborative R&D for such future technologies.
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10. NDC 1 & 2
• Traditions and values
• Conservation and moderation
• Sustainable way of life (Lifestyle)
• Climate friendly development
• Cleaner path
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11. NDC 3&4
• Emission Intensity
• 2005 level
• Reduce to 33-35% by 2030
• NATCOM
• Renewable Energy
• 175 GW Target by 2022
• International Solar Alliance
• 40% of installed capacity by 2030
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12. NDC 5
• Carbon Sink
• LULUC&F
• 2.5 to 3 billion ton – additional carbon sink
• Social Forestry
• Mangrove
• Trees outside forest
• Deforestation, Degradation and Desertification
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13. NDC 6
• Adaptation
• Sectors vulnerable to Climate Change
• Agriculture
• Water
• Himalayan region
• Coastal region
• Health
• Disaster Management
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14. NDC 7&8
• Domestic, New and Additional Funds
• Finance from Developed Countries
• Implementation of Actions: mitigation and Adaptation
• Adaptation Gap
• Capacity building
• Technology
• R&D
• Future Technologies
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15. 15
National Action Plan on Climate Change
Sr. No NAPCC Missions
1 National Solar Mission
2 National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency
3 National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
4 National Water Mission
5 National Mission for Sustaining Himalayan Ecosystem
6 National Mission for “Green India”
7 National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
8 National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change
Proposed Missions
Prime Minister’s Council on Climate Change is considering to include 4 more missions to the NAPCC.
1. National Coastal Mission
2. National Wind Mission
3. National Health and Climate Change Mission
4. National Mission for Waste to Energy

16. Gujarat State Action Plan on Climate Change
• Major 9 Sectors of the State Action Plan
• Gujarat has prepared SAPCC in consonance with National Action Plan on Climate change and reflects key
priorities of the State.
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SAPCC
Agriculture
Water
Health
Forests
Sea-level Rise
& Coastal
Infrastructure
Energy
Efficiency &
Renewable
Energy
Urban
Development
Vulnerable
Communities
Green
Jobs

17. • Gujarat State has developed the Action Plan on Climate Change in sync with
National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
Action Initiated for Climate Change
Adaptation and Mitigation
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Initiatives by Gujarat Government
• Asia’s first & largest Solar Park at Charanka,
Gujarat.
• India’s largest Natural Gas Grid
• India’s largest Water Grid Infrastructure
RE Policy:
• Gujarat Solar Power Policy 2015
• Gujarat Wind Power Policy 2016
• Gujarat Waste to Energy Policy 2016
• Gujarat Small Hydel Policy 2016
• Gujarat Bio Energy Tariff 2010

18. Vision of Government of Gujarat – Climate Change Dept.
• Building a sustainable and climate resilient future
• Enabling a low carbon pathway for Gujarat’s
economic growth that would meet people’s
aspirations with equity and inclusiveness
• Pioneering step taken by the Government of
Gujarat in September 2009 by establishing the
Climate Change Department to act both as a bridge
within the Government and between the
Government and society for addressing Climate
Change issues
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19. 19
Climate
Change
Department
Coordination
both at
national and
State level for
Policy Support
Encourage
R&D on
Climate
Change
Maximize
utilization
of Green
Technology
Evolve new
strategies for
Environmental
Conservation
Education,
awareness and
capacity building
on Climate Change
Promulgate
policies for
Renewable
sources of
Energy
Mandate of Climate Change Department

20. Be the change you want to see in the world
Gandhi was once asked if he expected India to attain the same standard
of living as Britain. He replied:
It took Britain half the resources of the planet to achieve this prosperity.
How many planets will a country like India require!

21. Thank You
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22. IPCC 5th Assessment Report
Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since
the 1950s, many of the observed changes are
unprecedented over decades to millennia. The
atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of
snow and ice have diminished, sea level has risen, and
the concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased.
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24. • Impacts of Climate Change on water
• Medium confidence: water resources quality and quantity impacted
• High confidence: impact on abundance and range of marine species
• High confidence: negative impacts on crop yields more common than positive
ones
• Extreme events
• Decrease in cold temperature extremes
• Increase in warm temperature extremes
• Likely that frequency of heatwaves increasing in Europe, Asia and Australia
• Increase in high sea levels
• Increase in heavy precipitation events (regional inequalities)
• Likely more land regions where number of heavy precipitation events has increased than
those where it has decreased.
Observed Changes and their Causes

25. A hot
future
awaits
us
Global mean
surface
temperature
could rise
between 1-4.5 0C
by 2100