SlideShare a Scribd company logo
by Peggy Gibbs
Drexel University
   Studying the person as a whole
   Belief that behavior is connected to
    one’s inner feelings and self-image
   Accepting that individuals are more
    than just the product of their
    environment
   Assuming that people naturally want
    to pursue meaningful lives
With the humanistic approach, Meeting
specified basic needs of the learner leads
  towards the desired end goal of self-
    actualization and human growth.
   Definition: Learning through critical self-
    reflection of
    experiences, assumptions, beliefs, and feelings.
    This is willfully done in order to develop new
    perspectives that allow acceptance of new ideas
    and behaviors.
   The process of transforming one’s
    perceptions of the world, the self, and
    personal capabilities.

   Usually takes place after a “disorienting
    dilemma,” which was triggered by an
    unexpected situation or life altering event.
    (Mezirow, 1995)

   Belief system guides individuals’ actions
Essence of the Theory of
Transformative Learning
Adult learners who are newly introduced to
healthier eating habits may have recently
experienced one or more of the following due
to a health condition associated with poor
eating habits:
  hospitalization
  a near death experience
  loss of a loved one
Transformational theory involves two
kinds of learning:

   Instrumental
   Communicative
 Setting realistic measureable goals assists the
  learner to determine cause and effect
  relationships
 Goals help the learner to achieve their short term
  objective

   -Purchase 3 different fresh vegetable items per
    week
   -Replace fruit drinks or soda with water 2
     times/day
   -Add a fruit to breakfast daily
   -Eliminate fried foods from diet
    Open discussion and reflection help to make connections to
    personal dilemmas and sort out information that may no
    longer fit their present meaning schemes (Mezirow, 1991).
   It helps the learner to become critical, autonomous and
    responsible thinkers

    -may be feeling overwhelmed with necessary dietary change
     needs… ”we normally fry chicken…now I must learn to
     bake it.”
    -monthly group sessions to share common emotions and
       fears
   Frames of reference develop over a lifetime and consist of
    specific beliefs, judgments, attitudes, and feelings.

   Fried vegetables are healthy
   Eating junk food is ok if you work out
   If you’re skinny, you can eat anything
   Healthy foods are tasteless
   Eating healthy is too complicated
   I’m too old to change my lifestyle
   Eating healthy is expensive
   I feel fine, so I must be healthy
   When currently held meaning schemes are
    challenged by a new experience, it may either
    reinforce current views and thoughts or develop
    new ones

   The way individuals interpret their perceptions
    and sensations is “central to making meaning,
    and hence learning.” (Mezirow, 1991)

   The goal of transitional learning is to change the
    “frame of reference”
   Will motivate behavior change so that one can make “an
    informed and reflective decision to act” (Mezirow, 1995,). This is
    the core factor that leads to transformative learning.
   Upon reflection, learners can choose to act on their new
    understandings

     -Content reflection: examination of the content
        grocery lists
        shelved foods
        refrigerated items
    -Premise reflection: problem is questioned
         do we practice healthy eating habits?
          are we aware of fat and calorie content of foods?

   premise reflection is the dynamic by which our belief systems -
    meaning perspective - become transformed (Mezirow, 1991)."
   Maintaining a perspective in the face of
    persistent and disquieting evidence is called
    tunnel vision. Tunnel vision is failing to
    recognize a potential new perspective that
    better explains recent past events and better
    dictates future actions. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus,
    1986)
1. Disorienting dilemma
   -unexpected hospitalization, near death experience, loss of a loved one

2. Self examination with feelings of guilt or shame
    -self blame for deteriorating health condition

3. Critical assessment of assumptions
    -self evaluating and questioning perceptions of healthy eating habits

4. Recognition of shared transformation
    -you are not alone; support groups

5. Exploration of options for new roles, relationships, and actions
    -involve and encourage family and friends in new healthier lifestyle
6. Planning a course of action
    -start slow, making measureable realistic nutrition
     goals to increase likelihood of success.

7. Acquisition of knowledge and skills for implementation
   -re-learn the concept of food; portion control; hunger cues

8. Provisionally trying out new roles
    - experimenting with healthy recipes; actively eliminating fats from diet;

9. Building of competence and self-confidence in new roles and
    relationships
     - achieving success; feeling better overall; enjoying new discoveries

10. A reintegration into life on the based on conditions dictated by one’s
    newly developed perspective.
   Identifying meaning schemes - prior assumptions about
    healthy eating habits – will help to clarify and put meaning
    to unspoken assumptions

   Critical reflection and examination of perspectives and
    predetermined assumptions allows for more openness and
    a willingness to change.

   Transformative learning takes place after a defining
    moment in life, hence the reflective process is a crucial
    segment to be addressed by the educator.

   Plans for healthy eating habits can then be developed .

   The learner will now be free to think critically about their
    behavior and will strengthen as an autonomous learner.
   Dreyfus H. & Dreyfus, S. (1986). Mind over machine: The power
    of human intuition and expertise in the era of the computer. New
    York: Macmillan

   Mezirow, J. (1991). Transformative Dimensions of Adult
    Learning. San Francisco , CA: Jossey-Bass

   Mezirow, J. (1995). "Transformation Theory of Adult Learning."
    In: In Defense of the Lifeworld, edited by M.R. Welton, New York:
    SUNY Press

   Kearsley, Greg . Theories in Practice (TIP) Website Instructional
    Design: Transformative learning: J. Mezirow. Retrieved from:
    http://drexel.blackboard.com/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp




   I certify that this assignment is presented as entirely my own intellectual work.
    Any words and/or ideas from other sources (e.g. printed publications, Internet
    sites, electronic media, other individuals, groups, or organizations) have
    been properly indicated using the appropriate scholarly citation style required by
    the department or College.

   I have not submitted this assignment in its entirety to satisfy the requirements of
    any other course. Any parts of this assignment from other courses have been
    discussed thoroughly with the faculty member before this submission so that
    there is an understanding that I have used some of this work in a prior
    assignment.

   Student’s Signature: Peggy Gibbs
   Course Submitted: Power Point Presentation
   Term: Spring 2012
   Date: 05/29/2012

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Transformative learning theory applied

  • 2. Studying the person as a whole  Belief that behavior is connected to one’s inner feelings and self-image  Accepting that individuals are more than just the product of their environment  Assuming that people naturally want to pursue meaningful lives
  • 3. With the humanistic approach, Meeting specified basic needs of the learner leads towards the desired end goal of self- actualization and human growth.
  • 4. Definition: Learning through critical self- reflection of experiences, assumptions, beliefs, and feelings. This is willfully done in order to develop new perspectives that allow acceptance of new ideas and behaviors.
  • 5. The process of transforming one’s perceptions of the world, the self, and personal capabilities.  Usually takes place after a “disorienting dilemma,” which was triggered by an unexpected situation or life altering event. (Mezirow, 1995)  Belief system guides individuals’ actions
  • 6. Essence of the Theory of Transformative Learning
  • 7. Adult learners who are newly introduced to healthier eating habits may have recently experienced one or more of the following due to a health condition associated with poor eating habits:  hospitalization  a near death experience  loss of a loved one
  • 8. Transformational theory involves two kinds of learning:  Instrumental  Communicative
  • 9.  Setting realistic measureable goals assists the learner to determine cause and effect relationships  Goals help the learner to achieve their short term objective -Purchase 3 different fresh vegetable items per week -Replace fruit drinks or soda with water 2 times/day -Add a fruit to breakfast daily -Eliminate fried foods from diet
  • 10. Open discussion and reflection help to make connections to personal dilemmas and sort out information that may no longer fit their present meaning schemes (Mezirow, 1991).  It helps the learner to become critical, autonomous and responsible thinkers -may be feeling overwhelmed with necessary dietary change needs… ”we normally fry chicken…now I must learn to bake it.” -monthly group sessions to share common emotions and fears
  • 11. Frames of reference develop over a lifetime and consist of specific beliefs, judgments, attitudes, and feelings.  Fried vegetables are healthy  Eating junk food is ok if you work out  If you’re skinny, you can eat anything  Healthy foods are tasteless  Eating healthy is too complicated  I’m too old to change my lifestyle  Eating healthy is expensive  I feel fine, so I must be healthy
  • 12. When currently held meaning schemes are challenged by a new experience, it may either reinforce current views and thoughts or develop new ones  The way individuals interpret their perceptions and sensations is “central to making meaning, and hence learning.” (Mezirow, 1991)  The goal of transitional learning is to change the “frame of reference”
  • 13. Will motivate behavior change so that one can make “an informed and reflective decision to act” (Mezirow, 1995,). This is the core factor that leads to transformative learning.  Upon reflection, learners can choose to act on their new understandings -Content reflection: examination of the content grocery lists shelved foods refrigerated items -Premise reflection: problem is questioned do we practice healthy eating habits? are we aware of fat and calorie content of foods?  premise reflection is the dynamic by which our belief systems - meaning perspective - become transformed (Mezirow, 1991)."
  • 14. Maintaining a perspective in the face of persistent and disquieting evidence is called tunnel vision. Tunnel vision is failing to recognize a potential new perspective that better explains recent past events and better dictates future actions. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986)
  • 15. 1. Disorienting dilemma -unexpected hospitalization, near death experience, loss of a loved one 2. Self examination with feelings of guilt or shame -self blame for deteriorating health condition 3. Critical assessment of assumptions -self evaluating and questioning perceptions of healthy eating habits 4. Recognition of shared transformation -you are not alone; support groups 5. Exploration of options for new roles, relationships, and actions -involve and encourage family and friends in new healthier lifestyle
  • 16. 6. Planning a course of action -start slow, making measureable realistic nutrition goals to increase likelihood of success. 7. Acquisition of knowledge and skills for implementation -re-learn the concept of food; portion control; hunger cues 8. Provisionally trying out new roles - experimenting with healthy recipes; actively eliminating fats from diet; 9. Building of competence and self-confidence in new roles and relationships - achieving success; feeling better overall; enjoying new discoveries 10. A reintegration into life on the based on conditions dictated by one’s newly developed perspective.
  • 17. Identifying meaning schemes - prior assumptions about healthy eating habits – will help to clarify and put meaning to unspoken assumptions  Critical reflection and examination of perspectives and predetermined assumptions allows for more openness and a willingness to change.  Transformative learning takes place after a defining moment in life, hence the reflective process is a crucial segment to be addressed by the educator.  Plans for healthy eating habits can then be developed .  The learner will now be free to think critically about their behavior and will strengthen as an autonomous learner.
  • 18. Dreyfus H. & Dreyfus, S. (1986). Mind over machine: The power of human intuition and expertise in the era of the computer. New York: Macmillan  Mezirow, J. (1991). Transformative Dimensions of Adult Learning. San Francisco , CA: Jossey-Bass  Mezirow, J. (1995). "Transformation Theory of Adult Learning." In: In Defense of the Lifeworld, edited by M.R. Welton, New York: SUNY Press  Kearsley, Greg . Theories in Practice (TIP) Website Instructional Design: Transformative learning: J. Mezirow. Retrieved from: http://drexel.blackboard.com/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp
  • 19.      I certify that this assignment is presented as entirely my own intellectual work. Any words and/or ideas from other sources (e.g. printed publications, Internet sites, electronic media, other individuals, groups, or organizations) have been properly indicated using the appropriate scholarly citation style required by the department or College.   I have not submitted this assignment in its entirety to satisfy the requirements of any other course. Any parts of this assignment from other courses have been discussed thoroughly with the faculty member before this submission so that there is an understanding that I have used some of this work in a prior assignment.   Student’s Signature: Peggy Gibbs  Course Submitted: Power Point Presentation  Term: Spring 2012  Date: 05/29/2012