The document discusses friction and heat generation during machining processes. It states that friction between the chip and tool face generates heat, which controls tool wear rate, cutting speed, and material removal rate. There are three zones of heat formation: the shear zone, tool-chip interface, and tool-work interface. It also discusses tool life models, properties required for cutting tool materials, common coating materials used, and factors that influence the selection of cutting parameters and tools for different materials.
Roll forming Long parts with constant complex cross-sections; good surface finish; high
production rates; high tooling costs.
Stretch forming
Large parts with shallow contours; suitable for low-quantity production; high
labor costs; tooling and equipment costs depend on part size.
Drawing Shallow or deep parts with relatively simple shapes; high production rates;
high tooling and equipment costs.
Stamping Includes a variety of operations, such as punching, blanking, embossing,
bending, flanging, and coining; simple or complex shapes formed at high
production rates; tooling and equipment costs can be high, but labor costs
are low.
Rubber-pad
forming
Drawing and embossing of simple or complex shapes; sheet surface protected
by rubber membranes; flexibility of operation; low tooling costs.
Spinning Small or large axisymmetric parts; good surface finish; low tooling costs, but
labor costs can be high unless operations are automated.
Superplastic
forming
Complex shapes, fine detail, and close tolerances; forming times are long,
and hence production rates are low; parts not suitable for high-temperature
use.
Peen forming Shallow contours on large sheets; flexibility of operation; equipment costs
can be high; process is also used for straightening parts.
Explosive
forming
Very large sheets with relatively complex shapes, although usually axisymmetric;
low tooling costs, but high labor costs; suitable for low-quantity
production; long cycle times.
Magnetic-pulse
forming
Shallow forming, bulging, and embossing operations on relatively lowstrength
sheets; most suitable for tubular shapes; high production rates;
requires special tooling.
Roll forming Long parts with constant complex cross-sections; good surface finish; high
production rates; high tooling costs.
Stretch forming
Large parts with shallow contours; suitable for low-quantity production; high
labor costs; tooling and equipment costs depend on part size.
Drawing Shallow or deep parts with relatively simple shapes; high production rates;
high tooling and equipment costs.
Stamping Includes a variety of operations, such as punching, blanking, embossing,
bending, flanging, and coining; simple or complex shapes formed at high
production rates; tooling and equipment costs can be high, but labor costs
are low.
Rubber-pad
forming
Drawing and embossing of simple or complex shapes; sheet surface protected
by rubber membranes; flexibility of operation; low tooling costs.
Spinning Small or large axisymmetric parts; good surface finish; low tooling costs, but
labor costs can be high unless operations are automated.
Superplastic
forming
Complex shapes, fine detail, and close tolerances; forming times are long,
and hence production rates are low; parts not suitable for high-temperature
use.
Peen forming Shallow contours on large sheets; flexibility of operation; equipment costs
can be high; process is also used for straightening parts.
Explosive
forming
Very large sheets with relatively complex shapes, although usually axisymmetric;
low tooling costs, but high labor costs; suitable for low-quantity
production; long cycle times.
Magnetic-pulse
forming
Shallow forming, bulging, and embossing operations on relatively lowstrength
sheets; most suitable for tubular shapes; high production rates;
requires special tooling.
This slide describes two essential elements in machining operations:
cutting-tool materials and cutting fluids.
° The slide opens with a discussion of the types and characteristics of cutting tool materials.
° The properties and applications of high-speed steels, carbides, ceramics, cubic boron nitride, diamond, and coated tools are described in detail.
The types of cutting fluids in common use are then described, including their functions and how they affect the machining operation.
° Trends in near-dry and dry machining are also discussed, and their importance with respect to environmentally friendly machining operations are explained.
The selection of cutting-tool materials for a particular application is among the most important factors in machining operations, just as the selection of mold and die
materials was critical for forming and shaping processes . We will discuss throughout this slide the relevant properties and performance characteristics of all major types of cutting-tool materials, which will help us in tool selection.
However, as it will become apparent, the complex nature of this subject does not always render itself to the determination of appropriate tool materials; hence, we also must rely on general guidelines and recommendations that have been accumulated in industry over many years.More detailed information on tool material recommendations for specific workpiece materials and machining operations will be presented.
As noted, the cutting tool is subjected to
(a) high temperatures,
(b) high contact stresses, and
(c) rubbing along the tool-chip interface and along the machined surface.
Consequently, the cutting-tool material must possess the following characteristics:
° Hot hardness, so that the hardness, strength, and wear resistance of the tool are maintained at the temperatures encountered in machining operations. This property ensures that the tool does not undergo any plastic deformation and thus retains its shape and sharpness.
Toughness and impact strength (or mechanical shock resistance), so that impact forces on the tool that are encountered repeatedly in interrupted cutting operation (such as milling and turning a splined shaft on a lathe) or forces due to vibration and chatter during machining do not chip or fracture the tool.
Thermal shock resistance, to withstand the rapid temperature cycling encountered in interrupted cutting.
Wear resistance, so that an acceptable tool life is obtained before replacement is necessary.
Chemical stability and inertness with respect to the material being machined, to avoid or minimize any adverse reactions, adhesion, and tool-chip diffusion that would contribute to tool wear.
Manufacturing Engineering 2, cutting tools and tool holdersGaurav Mistry
Detail study of cutting tool materials, some special materials, carbide tip tools, carbide inserts, types, carbide insert holders, ISO designation of carbide inserts, single point cutting tool nomenclature and angles, tool geometry, Tool life, tool wear and types, machinability
Please refer this file just as reference material. More concentration should on class room work and text book methodology.
Thermal aspects of Machining, Tool materials, Tool wear Cutting fluids and Machinability.
Fundamentals of Metal cutting and Machining Processes
MACHINING OPERATIONS AND MACHINING TOOLS
Turning and Related Operations
Drilling and Related Operations
Milling
Machining Centers and Turning Centers
Other Machining Operations
High Speed Machining
To introduce machining process
To understand mechanics of chip formation
To study important parameters of metal machining
To understand methods of machining
This presentation contains various aspects of metal cutting like mechanics of chip formation, single point cutting tool, chip breakers, types of chips,etc
This slide describes two essential elements in machining operations:
cutting-tool materials and cutting fluids.
° The slide opens with a discussion of the types and characteristics of cutting tool materials.
° The properties and applications of high-speed steels, carbides, ceramics, cubic boron nitride, diamond, and coated tools are described in detail.
The types of cutting fluids in common use are then described, including their functions and how they affect the machining operation.
° Trends in near-dry and dry machining are also discussed, and their importance with respect to environmentally friendly machining operations are explained.
The selection of cutting-tool materials for a particular application is among the most important factors in machining operations, just as the selection of mold and die
materials was critical for forming and shaping processes . We will discuss throughout this slide the relevant properties and performance characteristics of all major types of cutting-tool materials, which will help us in tool selection.
However, as it will become apparent, the complex nature of this subject does not always render itself to the determination of appropriate tool materials; hence, we also must rely on general guidelines and recommendations that have been accumulated in industry over many years.More detailed information on tool material recommendations for specific workpiece materials and machining operations will be presented.
As noted, the cutting tool is subjected to
(a) high temperatures,
(b) high contact stresses, and
(c) rubbing along the tool-chip interface and along the machined surface.
Consequently, the cutting-tool material must possess the following characteristics:
° Hot hardness, so that the hardness, strength, and wear resistance of the tool are maintained at the temperatures encountered in machining operations. This property ensures that the tool does not undergo any plastic deformation and thus retains its shape and sharpness.
Toughness and impact strength (or mechanical shock resistance), so that impact forces on the tool that are encountered repeatedly in interrupted cutting operation (such as milling and turning a splined shaft on a lathe) or forces due to vibration and chatter during machining do not chip or fracture the tool.
Thermal shock resistance, to withstand the rapid temperature cycling encountered in interrupted cutting.
Wear resistance, so that an acceptable tool life is obtained before replacement is necessary.
Chemical stability and inertness with respect to the material being machined, to avoid or minimize any adverse reactions, adhesion, and tool-chip diffusion that would contribute to tool wear.
Manufacturing Engineering 2, cutting tools and tool holdersGaurav Mistry
Detail study of cutting tool materials, some special materials, carbide tip tools, carbide inserts, types, carbide insert holders, ISO designation of carbide inserts, single point cutting tool nomenclature and angles, tool geometry, Tool life, tool wear and types, machinability
Please refer this file just as reference material. More concentration should on class room work and text book methodology.
Thermal aspects of Machining, Tool materials, Tool wear Cutting fluids and Machinability.
Fundamentals of Metal cutting and Machining Processes
MACHINING OPERATIONS AND MACHINING TOOLS
Turning and Related Operations
Drilling and Related Operations
Milling
Machining Centers and Turning Centers
Other Machining Operations
High Speed Machining
To introduce machining process
To understand mechanics of chip formation
To study important parameters of metal machining
To understand methods of machining
This presentation contains various aspects of metal cutting like mechanics of chip formation, single point cutting tool, chip breakers, types of chips,etc
In the continuation of previous upload. This presentation is Part 2 of Advances in Special Steels. This is a overview of fundamentals of different carbides found in steels.
DFM (design for manufacturing) example bluestar mould - automotive mold ma...Huy Dickens
Bluestar Mould is located in Shenzhen, China and has more than 20 year experience in mold making and plastic part production.
Website: http://bluestar-mould.com
important usefull engineering materials with their properties and compositionPrateek Prajapati
as the engineering materials are used in day to day life their important is to understand their functions the pictures are shown backside by their names
HAOJING HSS Saw Blade for Metal Cutting Industry AnalysisKisa Wu
Chinese Saw Blade Position in the World
The highest demand in the world are diamond blades and TCT blades for wood, HSS blade is the least. Diamond blades are nearly required in any countries, TCT blades are mostly exported to India, the value of HSS blades is the highlest.
We are offering a wide assortment of excellent quality HSS Circular Saw to our clients. These HSS Circular Saws are provided in plain tooth and staggered tooth form to give chip clean chit. Thin slitting saws are normally recommended for reducing wastage of costly material.
Classification of Tool Materials.
For More Details
Subscribe to My YOUTUBE CHANNEL
Engineering Study Materials : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8vigo0VxccfcGnmJnf-ESA
Who are we…
An ISO 9001:2015 certified company,Aanuraj Fasteners Pvt. Ltd is one of the prominent manufacturers, exporters, and suppliers of an impressive series of industrial fasteners applied in diverse industrial sectors.
We are one of the top 10 manufacturer of Special Grade Threaded Fasteners for Infrastructure, Oil Gas production, Chemical Plant industries.
Our Range Include..
# ASTM A453 GR.660 CLASS A B C D Studs & Heavy Hex Nuts with Stress Rupture Report above 100 hours.
# ASTM A193 Gr.347 UNS S34700 Studs & Nuts
# UNS S31254 – SMO 254 Bolts Nuts Studs Washers
# Hastelloy Grade. C22 Studs Bolts Nuts Washer
# Hastelloy C276 Hex bolts Nuts Studs Washers
# Super Duplex UNS 32750 Hex Bolts Nuts Washers
# Duplex Steel Grdae 2205 31803 Hex bolts Nuts & Washers
# AISI 304 Stud Bolts Nut Washers
# AISI 316 Hex Bolts Nuts & Washers
# AISI 310 Hex Bolts Studs Nuts Washers
# AISI 317L Grade Bolts Nuts Washers
# AISI 904L – UNS N08904 Bolts Nuts Studs Washers
# Alloy 20 Grade Bolts studs Nuts Washers
# Monel K400 Grade Hex Bolts Nuts Washers
# ASTM A 193 Grade.. B7 Studs Bolts
# Foundation Bolts. L Bolts, U Bolts, J Bolts
# Nut Bolt Assembly Machine
Chronological developments in Cutting Tool MaterialsBilal Syed
This is ap resentation showing the developments of cutting tools materials used from early life to present. their materials, properties, advantages, etc.
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
India Orthopedic Devices Market: Unlocking Growth Secrets, Trends and Develop...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, “India Orthopedic Devices Market -Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition Forecast & Opportunities, 2030”, the India Orthopedic Devices Market stood at USD 1,280.54 Million in 2024 and is anticipated to grow with a CAGR of 7.84% in the forecast period, 2026-2030F. The India Orthopedic Devices Market is being driven by several factors. The most prominent ones include an increase in the elderly population, who are more prone to orthopedic conditions such as osteoporosis and arthritis. Moreover, the rise in sports injuries and road accidents are also contributing to the demand for orthopedic devices. Advances in technology and the introduction of innovative implants and prosthetics have further propelled the market growth. Additionally, government initiatives aimed at improving healthcare infrastructure and the increasing prevalence of lifestyle diseases have led to an upward trend in orthopedic surgeries, thereby fueling the market demand for these devices.
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
Buy Verified PayPal Account | Buy Google 5 Star Reviewsusawebmarket
Buy Verified PayPal Account
Looking to buy verified PayPal accounts? Discover 7 expert tips for safely purchasing a verified PayPal account in 2024. Ensure security and reliability for your transactions.
PayPal Services Features-
🟢 Email Access
🟢 Bank Added
🟢 Card Verified
🟢 Full SSN Provided
🟢 Phone Number Access
🟢 Driving License Copy
🟢 Fasted Delivery
Client Satisfaction is Our First priority. Our services is very appropriate to buy. We assume that the first-rate way to purchase our offerings is to order on the website. If you have any worry in our cooperation usually You can order us on Skype or Telegram.
24/7 Hours Reply/Please Contact
usawebmarketEmail: support@usawebmarket.com
Skype: usawebmarket
Telegram: @usawebmarket
WhatsApp: +1(218) 203-5951
USA WEB MARKET is the Best Verified PayPal, Payoneer, Cash App, Skrill, Neteller, Stripe Account and SEO, SMM Service provider.100%Satisfection granted.100% replacement Granted.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
chapter 10 - excise tax of transfer and business taxation
Tool material
1. FRICTION AND HEAT IN MACHINING
Friction due to sliding of chip over tool face
Heat is generated in the region of tool point due to friction and
it controls the rate of tool wear, cutting speed and material
removal rate.
THREE ZONES OF HEAT FORMATION
Shear zone Tool Chip Interface
2. FRICTION AND HEAT IN MACHINING
Friction due to sliding of chip over tool face
Heat is generated in the region of tool point due to friction and
it controls the rate of tool wear, cutting speed and material
removal rate.
THREE ZONES OF HEAT FORMATION
Shear zone Tool Chip Interface
Tool-work interface
11. TOOL LIFE
Tool life is defined as the effective cutting time
between resharpening.
The Taylor’s equation for tool life is
V Tn
=C
where,
V = cutting velocity in m/min.
T = tool life in minutes
n = a constant based on the tool material
C = a constant based on the tool and work
12. TOOL LIFE
Tool life is defined as the effective cutting time
between resharpening.
The Taylor’s equation for tool life is
V Tn
=C
where,
V = cutting velocity in m/min.
T = tool life in minutes
n = a constant based on the tool material
C = a constant based on the tool and work
13. PPROPERTIES OF CUTTING TOOL MATERIALS
Wear Resistance, necessary to enable the cutting tool
to retain its shape and cutting efficiency
Hot hardness, to retain the cutting ability and
hardness that may be lost due to high temperature
developed at the tool –chip interface
Toughness, to withstand the force due to cutting and
to absorb shocks and to prevent chipping of the fine
cutting edge.
14.
15.
16.
17. Grades of Tungsten Carbides (as per ISO)
ISO
APPLICATION
COLOUR
CODE
APPLICATION
P Blue
For machining long chipping
ferrous materials. – Steel
M Yellow
For machining long or short
chipping ferrous materials-
Stainless steel
K Red
For machining short chipping,
ferrous and non-ferrous
material and non-metals.- Cast
iron
18. MMATERIALS USED FOR COATING
TThe most commonly used materials for coating are
1. Titanium carbide (TiC)
2. Titanium nitride (TiN)
3. Titanium carbonitride (TiCN)
4. Aluminium oxide (Al2
O3
)
5. Aluminium oxynitride (ALON)
20. Advantages
Coating acts as a diffusion barrier
Increased hot hardness of tool
Reduced welding of chip on tool face
Low specific heat and thermal conductivity – low
interface temperature
Reduced built up edges
Reduced tendency to form comb-cracks and plastic
deformation
Wear reducing effect even when the coated layer is
interrupted
21. ISO
application
Group
Color
code
Material Process
P01 Blue Steel, Steel castings
Precision turning and boring requiring high finish and
close tolerance, high cutting speed small chip section,
no vibrations.
P10 Blue Steel, steel castings
Turning, threading and milling high cutting speed,
small or medium chip section.
P20 Blue
Steel, steel castings, malleable
cast iron forming long chips
Turning, milling, medium cutting speed and medium
chip section planning with small chip section.
P30 Blue
Steel, steel castings malleable
cast iron forming long chips
Turning, milling, planning medium or low cutting
speed, medium or large chip section under unfavorable
conditions such as changing hardness or chip section,
intermittent cut.
P40 Blue
Steel and steel casting with
sand inclusions or shrinkage
cavities
Turning, planning, shaping, low cutting speed, large
chip section under unfavorable conditions.
P50 Blue
Steel and steel castings of
medium or low tensile strength
with and large chip section
cavities
Operations requiring high toughness turning, planning,
shaping at low cutting speeds shrinkage under
unfavorable condition.
SELECTION OF CUTTING TOOLS
22. ISO
application
Group
Color
code
Material Process
M10 Yellow
Steel, steel castings, manganese
steel, grey CI., alloyed CI.
Turning, medium or high cutting speed, small or
medium chip section.
M20 Yellow
Steel, steel casting, austenitic
steal, manganese steel, Grey CI.,
spherodized CI., Malleable CI.
Turing, milling, medium cutting speed and medium
chip section.
M30 Yellow
Steel, steel casting, austenitic
steel, grey CI. spherodized C .1.
heat resisting alloys
Turning, milling, planning, medium cutting speed,
medium or large chip section.
M40 Yellow
Free cutting steel, low tensile
strength steel, brass and light
alloys
Turning, profile turning, especially in automatic
machines.
23. ISO
application
Group
Color
code
Material Process
K01 Red
Very hard grey CI. Chilled casting of
hardness up to 60 HRc. Al alloys
with high silicon, hardened steel,
abrasive plastics hard board and
ceramics
Turning, precision turning and boring, milling
scraping.
K10 Red
Grey CI. hardness> 220 HB.
Malleable CI. forming short chips,
tempered steel, Cu alloys, plastics,
glass, hard rubber, hard card board
porcelain, stone
Turning, milling, boring, reaming, broaching,
scraping.
K20 Red
Grey CI. hardness up to 220 HB. Non
ferrous metals such as Cu, Brass, AI,
abrasive laminated wood.
Turning, milling, planning, reaming, broaching,
requiring high toughness of carbide tip.
K30 Red
Soft grey C .1. Low
tensile strength steel, laminated
wood
Turning, reaming, planning, shaping under
unfavorable conditions, like changing chip
thickness, intermittent cut.
K40 Red
Soft or hard natural wood, non-
ferrous metals
Turning, milling, planning, shaping, under
unfavorable conditions like changing chip
section and intermittent cuts.
24. Cutting parameters
Material Properties Tools used Speed
m/min
Feed
mm/rev
Grey cast iron
Low strength
Hardness less than 150 BHN
and up to 300 BHN
Straight cemented carbides
Coated carbides
Ceramics
-60 to 150
-100 to 300
-350 to 700
0.1 to 1
0.1 to 1
0.1 to 0.4
White cast iron
Extremely hard up to
600 BHN
CBN or alumina based ceramics 100 to 180 0.1 to 0.4
Ductile cast iron
(SG)
Strong, tough and ductile
110 to 320 BHN
Carbides M grade
Coated carbides
50 to 120 0.1 to 1
Plain carbon steel Ductile
Cemented carbides
Coated carbides
60 to 200
90 to 400
1.2 to 0.1
0.8 to 0.1
Alloy steel
Tough, high tensile strength,
hardness, ductility and wear
resistant
Coated carbide
CBN
100 to 300 0.1 to 0.8
Tool Steel
High strength, wear resistant
and hardness impact resistant
Coated carbide
CBN
50 to 250
50 to 120
01 to 0.5
0.1 to 0.5
25. Cutting parameters
Material Properties Tools used Speed
m/min
Feed
mm/rev
Stainless steel
Austentic,
ferritic,
martensitic
High corrosion resistant,
resistant to oxidation, highly
ductile
Coated carbides
Cermets
75 to 220
80 to 180
0.8 to 0.1
0.4 to .1
Copper and its
alloys
Brass/Bronze
Ductile nd malleable Straight cemented carbides 200 to 300 0.5 to 0.1
Aluminium and
its alloys
Great strength to weight ratio Straight cemented carbides 400 to 2000 0.5 to 0.1
Nickel and its
alloys
Inconel/Hastelloy
Corrosion resistance, heat
resistance and high strength
Coated carbides
Ceramics
Cermets
CBN
20 to 100
90 to 230
30 to 150
100 to 160
0.3 to 0.1
0.3 to 0.1
0.3 to 0.1
0.2
Titanium and its
alloys
Straight tungsten carbide
K20
10 to 125 0.1 to 0.4
26. ISO CODE FOR INSERT DESIGNATION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
D C M T 11 T3 O8 -26
S P K N 12 O3 ED R