This is about different cutting tool materials and their different applications in manufacturing industries.

3.  Introduction
 Characteristics OfTool Materials
 CuttingTool Materials
 Role of Coatings on HSSTools

4.  Gradually there has been advancement in
cutting tool materials.
 Stone Copper Bronze Iron
Carburised Iron(Steel) High Speed Steel
Sintered Hard Carbides UCON(Consisting
columbium,Tungsten and titanium)
Polycrystalline Diamond(PCD)
BORAZON(cubic Carbon Nitride(CCN)
Diamond

5.  High or Low Precision and Cost
 Volume Of Production
 Type Of Machining Operations(Roughing or
Finishing, High Or Low speed)
 TheTool design Details(Cutting and
Clearance angle, Method of Holding, Rigidity)
 Physical Characteristics OfWork Material

6.  Hot Hardness: It is the ability of the cutting tool to withstand
high temperature without losing its cutting edge.
 Wear Resistance: It is the ability to resist wear.
 Toughness:This property poses limitation on the Hardness
of the tool, because with high hardness, tool becomes brittle
and weak in tension.
 Mechanical andThermal Shock resistance.
 Low friction: In order to have low tool wear and better
surface finish, the coefficient between chip and cutting tool
should be as low as possible.
 Favourable cost.
 Should be easy to regrind and easily weldable to tool.

7.  Plain High CarbonTool Steels
 Low Alloy CarbonTool Steels
 High Speed Steels
 Cast Cobalt BasedAlloyTools
 Cemented Carbides
 Ceramics
 Non-Ferrous Alloys
 Non-Tungsten Materials
 Coated Carbides
 Micro-GrainCarbides
 Cast-Carbides
 Cemented Oxides
 DiamondTools
 Abrasives
 UCON
 CBN
 Sialon
 Polycrystalline Diamond(PCD)

8.  The chief Characteristics of carbon tool steels
are low hot hardness and poor hardenability.
 They are limited in use to tools of small
section with operate at relatively at low
speed.
 Composition: C=0.8 to 1.3%, Si= 0.1 to 0.4%,
Mn= 0.1% to 0.4%

9.  For making tool Harder, Addition of carbon content
make tool Brittle.
 Small amount of chromium and molybdenum are
used.
 4%Tungsten is added to improve wear resistance. In
these type of materials, wear resistance is required.
 They are used for drills,Taps and reamers.

10.  The chief characteristics of HSS are superior hot hardness and wear
resistance.These can retain their cutting tool edge upto 600 degree
Celsius.
 Cutting speeds are limited upto 0.75 to 1.8 m/s.
 Typical CompositionOfW-MoType HSS
Type W Cr V Mo C Fe
HT 18 4 1 - 0.7 Balanc
e
HM 1.5 4 1 8.5 0.8 Balanc
e
TM 6 4 2 5 0.8 Balanc
e

11.  A number of non-ferrous alloys high in cobalt have
been developed for use as cutting tools.
 These materials can not be heat treated and are
used as cast at a temperature of about 1260 degree
Celsius.
 These contain 40-50% cobalt, 27-32% chromium,
14-29% tungsten and 2-4% carbon.

12.  The C-grade consisting of tungsten carbide with cobalt as a
binder, for use in machining cast iron and non-ferrous
metals. In the grade cobalt concentration is varied from 3-
16%.
 The S-grade consisting of tungsten carbide, titanium carbide
and tantalum carbide with a cobalt binder for used in
machining tool.(Tantalum carbide: 0-10%,TiC:0-16%)
 They have very high hardness for high range of temprature.

13.  It is known as diamond is a hardest known material. It has
lowest thermal expansion (12% of that steel), high heat
conductivity (2 times that of steel), very low coefficient of
friction against metals and it is poor electrical conductor.
 Synthetics polycrystalline diamonds are available as
mechanically clamped cutting tips.
 The random orientation of their crystals gives them
improved impact resistance.

14.  The performance of HSS tools can be enhanced by
coating ofTiN(Titanium Nitride) on HSS cutting tools.
 It improves appearance of tool.
 Metal removal rate can be doubled.
 It reduces tool temperature and reduces adhesion wear
near the cutting edge.
 After coating the hardness is 80-85 Rc, higher
Compared non-coated HSS whose hardness is 65-75Rc.
 It possesses high chemical stability, being extremely
resistant to corrosion.
 It retains all desirable properties at high temperature.
Encountered during machining.

15.  Titanium Carbide(TiC)
 Titanium Nitride(TiN)
 Titanium Carbo Nitride(TiCN)
 TiAlCN
 TiAlN
 Alumina