Nicotine is a highly addictive drug found in tobacco products. Smoking causes both short-term effects like increased heart rate and long-term health risks like cancer, emphysema, and heart disease. Secondhand smoke also endangers nonsmokers by increasing their risk of lung cancer and respiratory illnesses. Smoking during pregnancy can lead to miscarriage, premature birth, and learning difficulties in children. Tobacco use places financial burdens on both families and society through increased medical costs and lost wages. Withdrawal symptoms occur when dependent smokers try to quit.

1. Tobacco Use
Chapter 11

2. What is nicotine?
• The addictive drug that is found in all
tobacco products
– Low doses = mild stimulant, muscle relaxant
– Higher doses = nerve poison
• 60 mg. enough to kill most people; 1-2
mg. is inhaled when cigarette is smoked

3. Key terms
• Nicotine: a highly addictive drug that is found
in all tobacco products
• Carcinogen: any chemical or agent that causes
cancer
• Tar: a sticky, black substance in tobacco smoke
that coats the inside of the airways and that
contains many carcinogens
• Carbon monoxide: a gas that blocks oxygen
from getting into the blood stream

4. What is in cigarettes?
• 4,800 chemicals
– 69 of the chemicals are carcinogens (cancer causing
agents/chemicals)
• Tar: sticky black substance that coats the insides of the
airways and contains many carcinogens
– Cyanide: poisonous gas used to develop photographs
– Formaldehyde: substance used to preserve lab animals and as
embalming fluid
– Lead: dangerous metal
– Vinyl chloride: a flammable gas used to make plastic products
– Carbon monoxide: gas that blocks oxygen from getting into
the bloodstream
– Ammonia: chemical found in bathroom cleaners

5. Smokeless tobacco
• Snuff (dip)
• Chewing tobacco
– Arsenic
– Nickel
– Benzopyrene
– Polonium (gives off radiation)
• Can lead to mouth sores and oral cancer

6. Herbal cigarettes
• Cloves, bidis, kreteks
– Contain tobacco, and spices

7. Nicotine is addictive
• Cigarette smoking kills more than 400,000
people in the U.S. each year
– Most people start smoking in their teens

8. Section 1.2
Dangers of Tobacco Use

9. Objectives
State: The short-term effects of tobacco use.
Summarize: The long-term health risks associated with
tobacco use.
State:The effects of secondhand smoke on a nonsmoker.
Describe: How smoking affects unborn children whose mothers
smoke during pregnancy.
List: Three reasons you would give a friend to encourage him or her not
to smoke.

10. Key Terms
• Emphysema: A respiratory disease in which air cannot move in
and out of alveoli because they become blocked or lose their
elasticity.
• Sidestream Smoke: Smoke that’s escapes from the tip of a
cigarette and then exhaled by a cigarette smokers.
• Mainstream Smoke: smoke that’s is inhaled through a cigarette
and then exhaled by a cigarette smoker
• Environmental tobacco smoke (second hand smoke): a
combination of exhaled mainstream smoke and sidestream
smoke

11. What are the short-term effects of
Tobacco use?
•Stimulates the brain reward system
•Increases heart rate and blood pressure
•Increases breathing rate
•Increases blood sugar levels
•Stimulates the vomit reflex

12. It predominantly works on the pleasure centres within your brain
stimulating both serotonin and dopamine centres, so in effect you have
a very powerful reward system within your mind. Every time you smoke
a cigarette so it’s plain to see why it can be hard to get rid of your
nicotine addiction.

13. What are the long-term effects of
tobacco use?
• Addiction
• Bronchitis
– an acute inflammation of the air passages
within the lungs
• Emphysema
– A respiratory disease in which air cannot
move in and out of the lungs because the
alveoli become blocked or lose their elasticity

14. • Heart and artery disease
• Cancer
• Immune system suppression
• Damages stomach’s ability to neutralize
acids
– Leads to ulcers and cancer

16. Effects of smoke to nonsmokers
• Sidestream smoke
– Smoke that escapes from the tip of the cigarette or
cigar
• Mainstream smoke
– Smoke that is inhaled through a tobacco product and
exhaled by a tobacco smoker
• Environmental tobacco smoke (secondhand
smoke)
– Exhaled mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke
• Inhaled by anyone near the smoker

17. Did you know?
• It is illegal to smoke in a car with a child
(anyone under 18 years of age)

18. Dangers of secondhand smoke
• Lung cancer caused by environmental tobacco
smoke kills 3,000 nonsmokers in the U.S.. each
year
• Illnesses
– Heart function in healthy young men is reduced
– Headaches
– Nausea
– Dizziness
– Children of smokers suffer more: lower respiratory
infections, asthma, ear infections

20. Dangers of tobacco use during
pregnancy
• Risk of miscarriage
• Risk of premature birth
• Low birth weight
• Slow growth rate
• Risk of sudden infant death syndrome
(SIDS)
• Risk of developing respiratory illness
• Risk of developing learning difficulties

21. Why do people use tobacco?
• Family and friends
• Misconceptions
– Messages aren’t clear
– Messages about the dangers are incorrect
• Advertising
– They make it look “cool”
• Curiosity
• Rebellion
– To go against your parents, etc.

22. How does tobacco use affect family
and society?
• Costs to families
– Over $1,500 per year
– Lost wages due to illness
– Medical bills
– Funeral costs
• Costs to society
– Medical costs increase to pay the fees of
smoker

23. withdrawal
• Uncomfortable physical and psychological
symptoms produced when a physically
dependent drug user stops using drugs