This document discusses smoking and its health effects. It defines smoking as burning a substance and inhaling the smoke. Tobacco contains nicotine, which is addictive, and people use tobacco via smoking, chewing, or snuff. Smoking causes over 3 million premature deaths per year due to diseases like cancer, heart disease, and lung disease. When tobacco burns, it produces over 4000 chemicals like nicotine, carbon monoxide, and tar. These chemicals are harmful and can cause health issues. However, quitting smoking can significantly reduce health risks over time as the body recovers. Education is important to prevent youth smoking initiation and protect non-smokers from secondhand smoke.

1. SMOKING
Prepared by:
Hawraz Faris Saadi

2. SMOKING
 Is a practice in which a substance is burned
and the resulting smoke breathed in to be
tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream.

3. PASSIVE SMOKING
 Second-hand tobacco smoke is the
combination of smoke emitted from the
burning end of a cigarette or other tobacco
products and smoke exhaled by the smoker.
(Smoking harms non-smokers too)

4. What is tobacco ?
 Tobacco is a plant grown for its leaves, which
are dried and fermented before being put in
tobacco products.
 Tobacco contains nicotine, an ingredient that
can lead to addiction.

5. How do people use tobacco?
 People can smoke, chew, or snuff tobacco.
 Smoked tobacco products include cigarettes,
cigars, and bidis.
 Some people also smoke loose tobacco in a
pipe or hookah (water pipe) and E-cigarette.
 Chewed tobacco products include chewing
tobacco, snuff, dip.

6. How do people use tobacco?
Snuff
Cigars
Chewing tobacco
Hookah
Bidis tobacco
cigarette

7. Tobacco Smoking
 Is in legal use everywhere in the world, yet it
causes far more deaths than all other
psychoactive substances combined.
 About 3 million premature deaths a year (6%
of the world total) are already attributed to
tobacco smoking.
 Every day, more than 3,800 youth younger
than 18 years smoke their first cigarette.

8. Tobacco Smoking Cont.
 Each cigarette you smoke shortens your life
by 14 minutes.
 1/3rd of world population-Smoker
 Three million deaths annually because of
smoking – means one death after every 8
seconds.
 This total includes about 600,000 people are
also estimated to die from the effects of
second-hand smoke.

10. Source: 2014 Surgeon General’s Report, Table 12.4, page 660.

11. Component of tobacco smoking
 The burning of tobacco generates
approximately 4000 compounds.
 The smoke can be separated into gas and
particulate phases.

12. Component of tobacco smoking Cont.
 The composition of the smoke delivered to
the smoker depends on:
1) The composition of tobacco and how densely it is
packed.
2) The length of the column of tobacco.
3) The characteristics of the filter and the paper.

13. Component of tobacco Cont.
 Most important and dangerous constituents:
1) Nicotine
2) Carbon Monoxide
3) Tar

14. 1. Nicotine
 Nicotine is the addictive substance in
cigarette smoke.
 Nicotine enters the bloodstream via the lungs and
reaches the brain within 10 seconds of inhalation.
 The risk of developing dependence following
exposure to cigarettes is greater than the risk of
developing dependence following initial use of
cocaine, alcohol or marijuana.

15. 1. Nicotine Cont.
 Immediately after exposure to nicotine, there is a
caused in part by the drug's stimulation of the
adrenal glands and resulting discharge of
epinephrine (adrenaline).
 The rush of adrenaline stimulates the body, causing
a sudden release of glucose as well as an increase
in blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration.

16. 1. Nicotine Cont.
 Nicotine also suppresses insulin output from the
pancreas, causing smokers to be slightly
hyperglycemic.
 nicotine indirectly causes a release of dopamine in
the brain regions that control pleasure and
motivation.
 This reaction is similar to that seen with other
abused drugs such as cocaine and heroin and is
thought to underlie the pleasurable sensations
many smokers experience.

17. 2. Carbon Monoxide
 Is a colorless, odorless gas produced from
the incomplete burning of virtually any
combustible product.
 It may accumulate indoors as a result of
tobacco smoking, poorly ventilated
appliances, and attached garages.

18. 2. Carbon Monoxide Cont.
 Smoking tobacco increases the CO content of your
blood. The normal level of CO for a nonsmoker
depends on background levels in the air, but it is
usually between 0 and 8 parts per million.
 A person who smokes a pack of cigarettes per day
will commonly have a CO level of about 20 parts
per million.

19. 2. Carbon Monoxide Cont.
 When carbon monoxide is breathed into the lungs,
it binds with hemoglobin in red blood cells to make
carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) which is then
transported into the bloodstream.
 Once this happens, oxygen cannot bind with
receptors on the same cell.
 And because CO is much faster at binding with
hemoglobin than oxygen (about 200 times faster).

20. 2. Carbon Monoxide Cont.
 This process diminishes the oxygen-carrying
capacity in the bloodstream.
 Carbon monoxide is quick to connect with red
blood cells, but is slow to exit the body.
 A pack a day smoker can have a 3% to 6% COHb
level in the blood,

21. 2. Carbon Monoxide Cont.
 The health effects of CO saturation in the blood
above 1% can cause detectable physical symptoms,
such as:
◦ Increased heart rate between 1% to 5%.
◦ Reduced tolerance for exercise between 2% to 15%.
◦ Headache and visual distortions can occur at high levels
of CO saturation - between 15% to 20%

22. 3. Tar
 Describes the particulate matter which,
generated by burning tobacco, forms a
component of cigarette smoke.
 Each particle is composed of a large variety
of organic and inorganic chemicals.

23. Where does the tar go?
 Not all of the tar remains permanently in your
lungs.
 Some of the tar is exhaled when you breathe
the smoke out, and some is coughed up.
 Tar that is absorbed by the lungs can cause
lung cells to die.

24. Where does the tar go? Cont.
 Cigarette smoke paralyses or destroys the
‘cilia’ - which are fine hairs that line your
upper airways and help to protect against
infection.
 When cilia are damaged, tar is able to
penetrate further into your lungs, where it
can do even more damage.

25. Where does the tar go? Cont.
 Immediate health effects from damage to the
lungs include coughing and shortness of
breath (or tightness in the chest).
 Damage to the lungs causes by smoking can
lead to other complications such as
emphysema.

26. If we are quite smoking, can we
return to normal life ?

27. Benefits of quitting
 12 hours: the carbon monoxide level in your
blood returns to normal.
 2-12 weeks: blood circulation and lung
function begin to improve.
 1 year: the increased risk of having a heart
attack is reduced by half.

28. Benefits of quitting Cont.
 5 years: risk of a stroke is reduced to the
same risk as a person who never smoked.
 10 years: the risk of lung cancer is reduced.
 15 years: the risk of heart disease is that of a
nonsmoker.

29. Primary prevention
Education and Counseling to Prevent Tobacco Use
 Education and counseling about the dangers of smoking
and the importance of never using tobacco in any form
can be done in a variety of ways:
Conversations with a health care professional in the
office or by phone, either individually with a youth or in a
family .
Educational videos, computer apps, and print materials,
such as activity guides, newsletters, tip sheets.

30. Primary prevention Cont.
Potential Benefits and Harms
 Being tobacco-free is one of the most important things a
child or teen can do to live a long and healthy life.
 The best way to help children and teens avoid tobacco is
to help them never use it in the first place.
 Schools promote education preventing tobacco smoking
use among youth.
 Promote Gold Sneaker policies (includes tobacco free day
care campuses).

31. Primary prevention Cont.
Potential Benefits and Harms
 Educate public about dangers of secondhand smoke.
 Protecting people from tobacco smoke and banning
smoking in public places, warning about the dangers of
tobacco use, enforcing bans on tobacco advertising,
promotion and sponsorships and raising taxes on tobacco

32. Primary prevention Cont.
 Prohibition of smoking in public places;
 Prohibition of sale of cigarette and other tobacco
products to a person below the age of 18 years,
 Prohibition of sale of tobacco products near the
educational institutions;
 Mandatory depiction of statutory warnings (including
pictorial warnings) on tobacco packs.
 Mandatory depiction of tar and nicotine contents
along with maximum permissible limits on tobacco
packs.

33. Secondary prevention
 Methods use medical and psychological support to
the smoker (behavioral therapy) as well as medical
advice in combination with drugs such as nicotine
replacement.
 Using a combination of these methods can
increase effectiveness up to 45%.
 Use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in
combination with medical advice is the method of
smoking cessation recommended by the World
Health Organization

34. Thanks for listening

35. References