This document discusses the prevalence of smoking among different ethnic groups in the US. It notes that American Indian/Alaskan Native adults have the highest smoking rates, while Asian Americans have the lowest. The document outlines the many harmful chemicals found in cigarette smoke and their negative health effects. It also discusses how smoking aims to target youth and minorities through tactics like increasing nicotine levels. The document urges readers to quit smoking due to the significant health benefits within 20 minutes to 15 years of stopping.

1. Up in Smoke
By : Darrin Wyszomirski

2. Table of Content
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Smoking and Ethnic Background
Youth Prevalence
Peer Pressure
Health Risks of Smoking
Chemicals in Cigarette Smoke
Effects of Tobacco Smoke
Hurting Others
Smoking Aimed at Youth and Minorities
Menthol and Nicotine
Why Quit?
Web Sites for Smoking Cessation help
References

3. Smoking and Ethnic Backgrounds
Campaign For Tobacco Free Kids
• Smoking does not discriminate and affects all ethnic backgrounds….
• Adult Prevalence 21.6% of men and 16.5% of women smoke in the
US
• African American Adults 24.2% of men and 15.5% of women (75 %
of all African American smokers smoke menthol cigarettes, compared
to 23% of all Caucasian smokers.
• 12.9% of Hispanic adults 17% of men and 8.6% of women are current
smokers however, certain Hispanic subgroups have very high
percentages of smoking.
• Cuban men and women born in the United States have the highest rate
of smoking out of Hispanic subgroups 29.8% and 30.0%
• Puerto Rican men and women are the second highest 26.1 and 14.1
• Mexicans men 22% and women 8.9

4. Smoking and Ethnic Backgrounds
Con’t
• American Indian and Alaskan Native adults
have the highest tobacco use rate of all
major racial/ethnic groups in America
34.4% of men and 29.1% of women
• Asian Americans have the lowest smoking
rate of all major American racial/ethnic
groups men 14.9% and women 5.5%

5. Youth Prevalence
• Nationwide 18.1% of all high school
students are current smokers 19.9% are
males and 16.1 females.

6. Peer Pressure: Don’t be a
Follower
• Teens are more likely to get hooked on cigarettes if their
friends smoke.
• Teens who had at least two friends who smoked were more
than six times as likely to become intermittent smokers
than those whose friends didn't smoke.
• These teens were also 10 times more likely than others to
go from intermittent smoking to daily smoking.

7. Chemical in Cigarette Smoke
• Harmful Effects of Tobacco Smoke
• Cigarettes and more specifically tobacco
smoke are full of chemicals and poisons.
• Tobacco smoke contains over 4,000
chemicals, many of which make smoking
harmful.

8. Chemicals
• Benzene (petrol additive)
A colorless cyclic hydrocarbon obtained from coal
and petroleum, used as a solvent in fuel and in
chemical manufacture - and contained in cigarette
smoke. It is a known carcinogen and is associated
with leukemia.
• A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or
radiation that is an agent directly involved in
causing cancer.

9. Chemicals
• Formaldehyde (embalming fluid)
A colorless liquid, highly poisonous, used
to preserve dead bodies - also found in
cigarette smoke. Known to cause cancer,
respiratory, skin and gastrointestinal
problems.

10. Chemicals
• Acetone (nail polish remover)
Fragrant volatile liquid ketone, used as a solvent,
for example, nail polish remover - found in
cigarette smoke.
• Tar
Particulate matter drawn into lungs when you
inhale on a lighted cigarette. Once inhaled, smoke
condenses and about 70 per cent of the tar in the
smoke is deposited in the smoker's lungs.

11. Chemicals in Cigarette Smoke
• Nicotine (insecticide/addictive drug)
One of the most addictive substances known to man, a
powerful and fast-acting medical and non-medical poison.
This is the chemical which causes addiction.
• Carbon Monoxide (CO) (car exhaust fumes)
An odorless, tasteless and poisonous gas, rapidly fatal in
large amounts - it's the same gas that comes out of car
exhausts and is the main gas in cigarette smoke, formed
when the cigarette is lit.

12. Chemicals in Cigarette Smoke
• Arsenic (rat poison), Hydrogen Cyanide
(gas chamber poison)

13. Effects of Tobacco Smoke
• Smoking KILLS
• Every year hundreds of thousands of people
around the world die from diseases caused
by smoking.

14. Effects of Tobacco Smoke
• The mixture of nicotine and carbon monoxide in
each cigarette you smoke temporarily increases
your heart rate and blood pressure, straining your
heart and blood vessels.
• This can cause heart attacks and stroke. It slows
your blood flow, cutting off oxygen to your feet
and hands. Some smokers end up having their
limbs amputated.

15. Effects of Tobacco Smoke
• Carbon monoxide robs your muscles, brain and
body tissue of oxygen, making your whole body
and especially your heart work harder. Over time,
your airways swell up and let less air into your
lungs.
• Smoking often causes years of suffering.
Emphysema is an illness that slowly rots your
lungs. People with emphysema often get
bronchitis again and again, and suffer lung and
heart failure.

16. Effects of Tobacco Smoke
• Lung cancer from smoking is caused by the
tar in tobacco smoke. Men who smoke are
ten times more likely to die from lung
cancer than non-smokers.

17. Effects of Tobacco Smoke
• Smoking causes fat deposits to narrow and
block blood vessels which leads to heart
attack.
• Smoking causes around one in five deaths
from heart disease.

18. Hurting Others
• Smoking harms not just the smoker, but
also family members, coworkers and others
who breathe the smoker's cigarette smoke,
called secondhand smoke.

19. Hurting Others
• Among infants to 18 months of age,
secondhand smoke is associated with as
many as 300,000 cases of bronchitis and
pneumonia each year.

20. Hurting Others
• Secondhand smoke from a parent's cigarette
increases a child's chances for middle ear
problems, causes coughing and wheezing, and
worsens asthma conditions.
If both parents smoke, a teenager is more than
twice as likely to smoke than a young person
whose parents are both non-smokers. In
households where only one parent smokes, young
people are also more likely to start smoking.

21. Smoking Aimed at Youth and
Minorities
• Higher levels of nicotine theoretically could
make new smokers more easily addicted
and make it harder for established smokers
to quit.
• This is the reason it is so important to speak
to youth groups before they begin to smoke.

22. Nicotine Up Sharply In Many Cigarettes
Some Brands More Than 30% Stronger
• The amount of nicotine in most cigarettes
rose an average of almost 10 percent from
1.72mg in 1998 to 1.98 mg in 2004, with
brands most popular with young people and
minorities registering the biggest increases
and highest nicotine content, according to a
new study.
The Washington Post

23. Smoking Aimed at Youth and
Minorities
• The nicotine in Marlboro products,
preferred by two-thirds of high school
smokers, increased 12 percent. Kool lights
increased 30 percent. 75 percent of African
American smokers use menthol brands.

24. Smoking Aimed at Youth and
Minorities
• In 1998, Newport 100s and unfiltered
Camels were tied for highest nicotine yield
at 2.9 milligrams. In 2004, Newport had
risen to 3.2 milligrams, and five other
brands measured 3 milligrams or higher.

25. Menthol and nicotine
• Menthol may directly promote nicotine
craving because it binds to a specific
nicotine receptor.
• It is found that the substance menthol can
initialize a long-term effect by triggering
areas of the brain that process pleasure,
reward and addiction.

26. Menthol and nicotine
• Studies suggest that menthol in cigarettes is
likely associated with greater addiction.
Menthol smokers show greater signs of
nicotine dependence and are less likely to
successfully quit smoking.

27. Why Quit?
• Quitting smoking cuts the risk of lung cancer, many other
cancers, heart disease, stroke, other lung diseases, and
other respiratory illnesses.
Ex-smokers have better health than current smokers. Exsmokers have fewer days of illness, fewer health
complaints, and less bronchitis and pneumonia than
current smokers.
Quitting smoking saves money. A pack-a-day smoker, who
pays $4 per pack can, expect to save more than $1400 per
year. It appears that the price of cigarettes will continue to
rise in coming years, as will the financial rewards of
quitting.

28. Why Quit?
• Benefits of Quitting:
It only takes 20 minutes after you've
smoked your last cigarette for your body to
begin a series of beneficial changes. Just 20
minutes and you're already on your way to
better health.

29. Why Quit?
• 20 minutes:
Blood pressure drops to normal; pulse rate
drops to normal; increased circulation in
hands

30. Why Quit?
• 8 hours:
Oxygen level in your blood increases to
normal; carbon monoxide level in your
blood drops
• 24 hours:
Your chance for a heart attack has already
gone down.

31. Why Quit?
• 48 hours:
Your ability to smell and taste is already
improved; walking is becoming easier.
• 2 weeks to 3 months:
Your circulation has improved. No more
cold hands and cold feet. Your lung
function has already increased up to 30%.

32. Why Quit?
• 1 month to 9 months:
You'll notice that coughing, sinus
congestion and shortness of breath have
decreased dramatically. Cilia have re-grown
in your lungs increasing your ability to
handle mucus, clean the lungs and reduce
infection.

33. Why Quit?
• 1 year:
Your risk of coronary heart disease is cut in
half.
• 5 years:
Risk of stroke reduced to that of a
nonsmoker. Risk of cancers of the mouth,
throat and esophagus cut in half. Risk of
lung cancer reduced in half compared to a
smoker.

34. Why Quit?
• 15 years:
Congratulations! Your risk for coronary
heart disease and stroke is the same as for a
lifelong nonsmoker.

35. Fill in the blank and sentence completion
• Which ethnic background has the highest
rate of smokers?
• Tobacco smoke contains over ______
chemicals, many of which make smoking
harmful.
• Car fumes and cigarette smoke produce
what type of gas?
• _____ percent of African American
smokers use menthol brands.

36. Fill in the blank and sentence completion
• _______ and ________ are addictive
substances that make it harder for
established smokers to quit.

37. Closing
• Can anyone tell me about some of the topics
on cigarette smoking discussed in this
presentation?

38. References
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 31
Jan. 2014. Web. 13 Feb. 2014.
<http://cdc.gov/tips>.
• "New York Smokers Quitline - Main Page." New
York Smokers Quitline - Main Page. N.p., n.d.
Web. 13 Feb. 2014.
<https://www.nysmokefree.com/>.

39. References
• "Getting Help to Quit Smoking - American Lung
Association." American Lung Association. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.lung.org/stop-smoking/how-toquit/getting-help/>.

40. References
• Rhode Island Tobacco Control Program. Retrieved
February 8, 2014, from Rhode Island Dept of
Health Web site:
http://www.health.ri.gov/disease/tobacco/tobaccob
enefits.php

41. References
• Brown , David Nicotine Up Sharply In Many
Cigarettes. (2014, February 8). Washington Post,
p. Health.
• National Institute for Health Smoking Facts and
Tips for Quitting. Retrieved February 9, 2014,
from Facts about Smoking Web site:
http://dccps.nci.nih.gov/tcrb/Smoking_Facts/facts.
html

42. References
• "Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking." Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, 06 Feb. 2014.
Web. 10 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_
sheets/health_effects/effects_cig_smoking/>.
• Schmidt, Lorna. "Tobacco Use and Ethnicity."
Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids. N.p., 31 Jan.
2013. Web. 13 Feb. 2014.
http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheet
s/pdf/0005.pdf>.

43. References
• "Tobacco Use." American Lung Association State
of Lung Disease in Diverse Communities 2010.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention., n.d.
Web.
<http://www.lung.org/assets/documents/publicatio
ns/solddc-chapters/tobacco.pdf>.

44. References
• "Carcinogen." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation,
02 Dec. 2014. Web. 13 Feb. 2014.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogen>.
• Medical News Today. MediLexicon International,
n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/2638
50.php>.

45. References
• "Peer Pressure Biggest Influence on Teen
Smokers: Study." CBC News Canada. N.p., 12
Aug. 2002. Web. 10 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/peer-pressurebiggest-influence-on-teen-smokers-study1.342542