This document discusses the health risks of smoking. It notes that smoking is the leading preventable cause of death and contains over 4,800 toxic compounds, including 69 carcinogens. The three main risks are cancer, respiratory disease, and cardiovascular disease. Cancers linked to smoking include lung, throat, and pancreatic cancers. Smoking causes 90% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cases. It also increases risks of infertility, erectile dysfunction, stress, and exposure to secondhand smoke poses health risks.
Hystory of smoking: how did it start in different countries. Smoking effects on human body. Smoking in Europe: official data. Smoking in Lithuania: official data and numbers. Smoking at school. Prevention. Laws that affect smokers.
Hystory of smoking: how did it start in different countries. Smoking effects on human body. Smoking in Europe: official data. Smoking in Lithuania: official data and numbers. Smoking at school. Prevention. Laws that affect smokers.
Overview of electronic cigarettes including history, components, safety and adverse events, efficacy in smoking cessation, pharmacokinetics and epidemiology. This presentation was originally delivered to 2nd year pharmacy students as part of a two semester class on pharmacology and toxicology.
It is a slide show about tobacco. It can be used for college seminars & other seminar related to cancer or tobacco......For description you can collect info's from internet of all slides.....A little editing is required as your need....
Smoking represents the most readily preventable risk factor for morbidity and mortality.
Smoking related disease will kill one in 10 adults globally.
There are more than 6 million smoker in KSA that represent about 30% from population in 2004.
Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease:
coronary artery disease
cardiac arrhythmias.
Atherosclerosis
Cigarette smoking increases blood cholesterol levels, causing a buildup of arterial plaque that narrows the blood vessels over time.
Blood Clots
Low Blood Oxygen
stroke
Discover the effects of smoking on your finances,society,health,environment and unborn baby.These slides will open your eyes to the harmful effects of tobacco,so,much so that you won't want to touch it again.
Overview of electronic cigarettes including history, components, safety and adverse events, efficacy in smoking cessation, pharmacokinetics and epidemiology. This presentation was originally delivered to 2nd year pharmacy students as part of a two semester class on pharmacology and toxicology.
It is a slide show about tobacco. It can be used for college seminars & other seminar related to cancer or tobacco......For description you can collect info's from internet of all slides.....A little editing is required as your need....
Smoking represents the most readily preventable risk factor for morbidity and mortality.
Smoking related disease will kill one in 10 adults globally.
There are more than 6 million smoker in KSA that represent about 30% from population in 2004.
Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease:
coronary artery disease
cardiac arrhythmias.
Atherosclerosis
Cigarette smoking increases blood cholesterol levels, causing a buildup of arterial plaque that narrows the blood vessels over time.
Blood Clots
Low Blood Oxygen
stroke
Discover the effects of smoking on your finances,society,health,environment and unborn baby.These slides will open your eyes to the harmful effects of tobacco,so,much so that you won't want to touch it again.
Why do young people experience high stress levels? Pia Vedel Ankersen, S. Poulsen & F. Breinholt Larsen, Center for Public Health, Central Denmark Region
This World Cancer Day, know alarming statistics about smoking. Know how smoking affects your body very badly and how quit smoking change your body towards healthy life. Quitting smoking greatly reduces your risk for numerous diseases like cancers, COPD, and many more.
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Mini-story of our health-robbing popular food culture along with inspiration for overcoming it. From Kelly Hayford, best-selling author of If It's Not Food, Don't Eat It!
Physiological effects of smoking on the respiratory system & all other system...martinshaji
HAPPY PHARMACIST DAY
smoking can damage all human body systems in a really bad manner ....this study explains all about these by system wise
please comment
thank you
Health complications of various forms of tobacco such as Chewing tobacco, Snuff, Creamy snuff, Dipping tobacco, Gutka, Snus, Cigarette, Cigar, Bidi, Kretek and Hookah are discussed in this presentation.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
2. Introduction
• Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death.
• The practice of burning tobacco and inhaling the smoke, is known
as Smoking.
• There are about 1.3 billion cigarette smokers worldwide and this
number is still increasing.
• About 1 in 5 adults smoke.
• 4 out of 10 nonsmokers (40%) are exposed to secondhand smoke.
• More than 1 out of 2 kids (aged 3–11 years) are exposed to
secondhand smoke.
• More men (nearly 24%) than women (about 18%) smoke.
• Smoking rates are higher among people with a lower education
level.
4. TOXIC COMPONENTS OF TOBACCO SMOKE
Tobacco smoke contains chemicals that are
harmful to both smokers and nonsmokers.
Breathing even a little tobacco smoke can be
harmful.
Tobacco smoke contains about 4800 compounds.
Tobacco smoke consists of two phases:
The vapor (or gaseous) phase and
Particulate phase
8. TOXIC COMPONENTS OF TOBACCO SMOKE
The majority of compounds are found in the particulate
phase.
Nicotine is the major component of the particulate phase.
Nicotine comprises 1.5% of the total weight of a
commercial cigarette and is the primary alkaloid found in
tobacco.
The carcinogens are also found in the particulate matter.
About 69 carcinogens are identified in tobacco smoke.
Among them, 11 are known human carcinogens and 7
are probably carcinogenic in humans.
9. NICOTINE
Nicotine is a stimulant and is one of the main factors leading to continued
tobacco smoking.
Smoking
Nicotine
Facilitates dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens
Pleasurable effect
Triggers positive reinforcement
Nicotine addiction
10. Chemical carcinogens
Tobacco smoke
Carcinogenic products
Formation of epoxides
Irreversibly attaches to a cell's nuclear DNA
Genetic mutation
Cancer cell
About 69 carcinogens are identified in tobacco smoke. Among them,
11 are known human carcinogens and 7 are probably carcinogenic in
humans.
11. RADIOACTIVE CARCINOGENS
Tobacco smoke contain small amounts of lead-
210(210Pb) and polonium-210 (210Po) both of which are
radioactive carcinogens
Smoking an average of 1.5 packs per day gives a
radiation dose of 60-160 mSv/year, compared with living
near a nuclear power station (0.0001 mSv/year) or the 3.0
mSv/year average dose for Americans.
The radioactive smoke is deposited in lungs and releases
radiation even if a smoker quits the habit.
If the smoker also breathes in the asbestos fibers which
commonly occur in urban and industrial environments,
the risk of cancer is greatly increased.
13. Health Risks of Smoking
• Atherosclerotic diseases of the heart and blood vessels:
Cardiovascular disease (including myocardial
infarction and sudden death)
Cerebrovascular disease (Stroke)
Peripheral vascular disease (Claudication, etc)
• Noncancerous lung diseases:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Asthma
• Cancers at many sites, including the lung, larynx, oral cavity,
esophagus, bladder, kidney, pancreas, and uterine cervix.
• Toxicity to the human reproductive system
Reduced Fertility
14. CANCER
Cigarette smoking accounts for at least 30% of all cancer deaths. It is linked with increased risk of cancers such as:
Lung
Larynx (voice box)
Oral cavity (mouth, tongue, and lips)
Nose and sinuses
Pharynx (throat)
Esophagus (tube connecting the throat to the stomach)
Stomach
Pancreas
Cervix
Kidney
Bladder
Ovary (a type called mucinous ovarian cancer)
Colorectum (the colon and/or the rectum)
Acute myeloid leukemia
Smoking accounts for 87% of lung cancer deaths. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and
women, and is one of the hardest cancers to treat.
The risks of cancer increase with the increasing number of cigarettes smoked per day and with increasing duration of
smoking.
15. RESPIRATORY DISEASE
Cigarette smoking is responsible for 90% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Chronic mucous hyperplasia of the larger airways results in a chronic productive cough in as
many as 80% of smokers >60 years.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused by smoking, is a permanent, incurable
(often terminal) reduction of pulmonary capacity characterised by shortness of breath,
wheezing, persistent cough with sputum, and damage to the lungs, including emphysema and
chronic bronchitis.
The carcinogen acrolein and its derivatives also contribute to the chronic inflammation present
in COPD.
Smoking
Long term exposure to Carbon monoxide and Cyanide
Chronic inflammation and narrowing of the small airways
Pulmonary damage and loss of elasticity in the alveoli
Emphysema and COPD
Reduced expiratory airflow
Changes in the small airways of young smokers will reverse after 1–2 years of cessation.
16. Erectile dysfunction
Incidence of impotence is approximately 85 percent higher in male smokers
compared to non-smokers, and it is a key cause of erectile dysfunction (ED).
The British Medical Association estimates that up to 120,000 men have ED
because of smoking.
Smoking increases the risk of erectile dysfunction (ED) by about 50 per cent, in
men aged 30-40.
Smoking
Narrowing of arteries supplied to penis
Reduced blood supply
Erectile dysfunction
17. Female infertility
Smoking is harmful to the ovaries, potentially causing female infertility.
Smoking
Nicotine and other harmful chemicals
Interfere with the body’s ability to create estrogen
Affects folliculogenesis and ovulation
Female Infertility
Cigarette smoking also interferes with folliculogenesis, embryo transport, endometrial receptivity,
endometrial angiogenesis, uterine blood flow and the uterine myometrium.
Some damage is irreversible, but stopping smoking can prevent further damage.
Smokers are 60% more likely to be infertile than non-smokers.
18. STRESS
Smokers report higher levels of everyday stress.
Several studies have monitored feelings of stress over time and found
reduced stress after quitting.
Recent studies have shown a positive relationship between psychological
distress and salivary cotinine levels in smoking and non-smoking adults,
indicating that both firsthand and secondhand smoke exposure may lead to
higher levels of mental stress.
Medical researchers have found that smoking is a predictor of divorce.
Smokers have a 53% greater chance of divorce than nonsmokers.
19. SECOND HAND SMOKE
Nonsmokers are harmed by chronic exposure to
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS).
The children of parents who smoke have more
serious respiratory infections during infancy and
childhood, more respiratory symptoms, and a
higher rate of chronic otitis media and asthma than
the children of nonsmokers.
Secondhand smoke exposure increases a
nonsmoker's risk of lung cancer and coronary
heart disease.
20. I HOPE ALL OF THE SPECTATORS
HAVE ENJOYED THE PRESENTATION
AND GOT A LITTLE KNOWLEDGE
ABOUT THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF
SMOKING
ANY QUESTIONS PLEASE !