Animation is the process of displaying a sequence of pictures to create the illusion of movement. There are two major types: 2D animation uses hand-drawn or digital drawings while 3D animation uses computer-generated 3D models and environments. Key roles in the animation process include animators who create the frames, layout artists who stage shots, and clean up artists who refine drawings.

1. ANIMATION
2D And 3D Animation
Create By:
LYNDIE SIOTING DAAN

2. What is animation?
Animation is the process by which
we see still pictures move. Each
picture is shot on film one at a time
and is shown at the rate of 24
pictures per second making the
pictures appear to move.

3. Two Major types Of Animation
2D animation
is the traditional animation method that has existed since the late 1800s. It is
one drawing followed by another in a slightly different pose, followed by another
in a slightly different pose, on and on for 24 frames a second.
2D animation focuses on creating characters, storyboards, and backgrounds in
two-dimensional environments.
3D animation
is a type of animation that uses computer generated images to
create animated scenes. and it looks much more realistic. An animated scene
starts with one picture, which is referred to a frame. 3D computer graphics are
graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data that is
stored in the computer for the purposes of performing calculations and rendering
2D images.

4. 2D ANIMATION
Weight
Height

5. • Bugs Bunny,
• Donald Duck,
• Mickey Mouse and
• Snow White
Princesses

6. Traditional
Digital Animation

7. Traditional Animation
Traditional animation (or
classical animation, cell animation or
hand-drawn animation) is an animation
technique where each frame is drawn by
hand. The technique was the dominant
form of animation in cinema until the
advent of computer animation

8.  Digital Animation
"Digital animation, at least in the
case of the Japanese animation
industry (my films included), is a
direct successor of hand-drawn
animation,
2D animation involves using computer software to one degree or
another, from just digitally
Coloring the cels to be photographed in the traditional method, to
doing every single element
In the computer.

10. 3D animation is a type of animation that uses computer
generated images to create animated scenes. Compared to
2Danimation, or traditional animation, 3D has much more depth,
and it looks much more realistic. An animated scene starts with
one picture, which is referred to a frame.

11. 2D Animation
3D Animation

12. Animation techniques
There are four basic techniques used in animation.
These are:
•Drawn animation
•Cut-out animation
•Model animation or stop motion animation
•Computer animation or computer generated imagery (CGI)

13. Drawn animation
This covers any form where one drawing is replaced by another in a sequence. Each drawing is
slightly different from the one before. It works the way a flipbook does. These animated films are
made up of thousands of drawings which are shown on screen very quickly one after the other. It
takes a very long time to film from start to finish and requires many animators to complete the work.

14. Cut-out animation
This covers any form of animation where cut-out shapes are moved around or replaced by other cut-
outs. Flat objects like buttons, matchsticks and string can also be used in this form of animation. Cut-
outs can also be laid on top of drawings. It is very quick and easy to do but difficult to have more than
one or two objects moving at the same time. Cut-out animation can appear very stiff and awkward.

15. stop-motion animation
This involves the filming of three-dimensional models. The materials used could include plasticine,
clay or wire - in fact anything that can be bent or formed into another shape. The puppets are
positioned and filmed before being moved ever so slightly and filmed again. These shots are put
together as a piece of film and will give the impression of the models moving.

16. 2D Computer animation or 3D Computer Generated
Imagery (CGI)
This refers to the drawing of three-dimensional models and sets on the computer.
Images can be scanned into the computer using digital photography or made within
the computer itself. Human characters can be built from clay whilst sets and
furnishings are modelled using design systems similar to architects drawings. These
models are scanned into the computer as wire-frame models, which are gradually
built up into a coloured and textured form.
Computers have become cheaper and easier to use than traditional animation. The
computer animated film Toy Story cost $30 million(1,383,315,000.00ph) to make and
used 110 animators. The Lion King using drawn animation cost $45 million
(2,074,972,500.00 ph) to make and used 800 animators.

17. The Lion King
Toy Story

18. Basic equipment for hand-drawn animation
1.) Animation desk with animation disc , or a lightbox with pegbar. (get the disc if you can , it's
better.)

19. 2.) Extra ACME peg bar for scanning or video testing your drawings. Get a
thin, metal tape-down peg bar if possible because those are the most
versatile. Lightfoot Animation or Cartoon Colour Co. has them .

20. 3.) ACME punched animation paper. Lightfoot Animation, Chromacolour, or Cartoon
Colour Co. can supply. (see links in sidebar) . Ingram Bond animation paper from
Lightfoot or Cartoon Colour is recommended. Chromacolour Prograde Plus 23 lb
paper is also recommended. These brands of paper are more expensive , but you'll
notice the difference between this and the cheap photocopier-grade paper. Ingram
Bond or Chromacolour Prograde erases better, lasts longer, holds up to repeated
flipping, the surface is better for drawing, it scans better.

21. 4.) Pencils, various. Col-Erase red and blue. Various brands of Graphite pencils , HB, B, 2B
. Recommended graphite pencils include: and .

22. 5.) Erasers: Soft kneaded eraser (grey) , and "Magic Eraser" (white) .

23. 6). Bulldog Clip

24. 7.) Computer Set

25. 8.) Color Pencil

26. 9.) Ruler

27. 10.) a scanner for
scanning your
animation drawings into
TVP Animation or
Digicel Flipbook
10.) a digital video
camera mounted on a
down-shooter (tripod or
ideally a copy stand) to
capture your drawings via
video feed.

28. 11.) Line tester

29. 12.) Animation frame capture software. Two are particularly recommended : TVP
Animation or Digicel Flipbook Studio. Also good for pencil testing are: Toki Line Test,
MonkeyJam (freeware , but for Windows PC only) .

30. 13.) Exposure Sheets (free , printable X-sheet templates from AnimationMeat.com). Pre-printed
Exposure Sheets from Cartoon Colour Co.

31. Model sheet
also known as a character board, character sheet, character study or simply a study, is a document used to
help standardize the appearance, poses, and gestures of an animated character. Model sheets are also used for
references in 3D modelling

32. Layouts
are drawn from storyboards which define the action and perspective in the scene.
Layout drawings are then given to the background painters to color and
complete the visual style. Depending upon the production, background layout
artists also do background design. This is standard in television animation, which
is my field, and the position is often titled background designer.

33. storyboard
is a graphic organizer in the form of illustrations or images displayed in sequence for
the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or
interactive media sequence.

34. Writing a treatment/ Script
Filmmakers write 'treatments' to pitch their ideas to film producers or financers. The aim
is to get approval or funding to proceed with writing the screenplay.
The screenplay
The screenplay brings initial ideas to life by capturing what the director wants the
audience to see and hear.
The shooting script
The shooting script complements the screenplay by communicating visual ideas for
each scene. The shooting script communicates to the production crew where and when
to use selected camera shots, movements and angles for each scene.

36. Animator
is an artist who creates multiple images, known as frames, which give an illusion of
movement called animation when displayed in rapid sequence. Animators can work in a
variety of fields including film, television, and video games.
The methods of creating the images or frames for an animation piece depends on the
animators' artistic styles and their field.

37. Inbetweeners
produce the drawings between previously completed key poses, in order to complete
the illusion of movement and action.
They are responsible for producing neat and accurate inbetween drawings, as
directed by the Assistant Animator ,Animator or Animation Director.

38. Clean-up
is a part of the workflow in the production of hand-drawn animation, in which "clean"
versions of the "rough" animation drawings are produced. The first drawings are called
"roughs" or "rough animation" because they are often done in a very loose fashion.
Clean-ups generally are done on a new sheet of paper. They can be done on the same
sheet as the rough animation if this was done with a "non-copy blue" pencil.

39. Layout artist (2D Animation)
Layout Artists stage every shot and camera setup, and the staging they produce defines
the action that will take place within each scene. They are likely to draw both the
background and character elements within a shot. They also plot the camera moves
and give clear technical instructions.

40. Layout Artist (3D Animation)
Layout Artists break down 2D storyboards into 3D shots. They use production designs
and models as reference to build locations and major props, to block in the position of
characters, to select camera angles and to plot camera moves. They are responsible
for staging every shot and plotting the action that will take place within each scene.
The role of Layout Artist exists within some areas of CGI and not in others. In
animated features, the layout department plays an important and creative role
which can be related to that of the Cinematographer's team in live action
filmmaking.