The document discusses animation and its various types and processes. It defines animation as the illusion of motion created through sequential images that minimally differ. The main types of animation covered are 2D animation, 3D animation, stop motion, claymation, cel animation, and paint on glass animation. The document also outlines the typical computer animation process from story development to rendering. It provides examples of animation software and schools in India.

1. ANIMATION
SUBMITTED BY: VEDANT SINGH
SUBMITTED TO: Mr. AMRITANSH MISHRA
BCA-1-B
BC2017110

2. CONTENTS
• Animation
• Types Of Animation
• Computer Animation Process
• Some Animation Software
• Animation Schools in India
• References

3. ANIMATION
• Animation is the process of making the illusion of motion and change by
means of the rapid succession of sequential images that minimally differ
from each other.
• Animate meaning "alive" comes from the Latin verb animare meaning "to
give life to," which in turn came from anima meaning “soul, breath.”

4. TYPES OF ANIMATION
• 2-D animation
• 3-D animation
• Stop motion
• Claymation
• Cel animation
• Paint on glass animation

5. 2-D ANIMATION
• Computer-assisted animation is typically two-dimensional (2-D), like
cartoons.
• Objects and characters are drawn either by hand or with a computer by an
animator.
• Next comes the process of key framing.
• Then, comes the process of tweening.
• In 1973, "Westworld" became the first film to contain computer-generated
2-D graphics.

6. 3-D ANIMATION
• 3-D animation is also known as computer generated animation.
• In 3-D animation, objects and characters are modeled on a plane with an X,
Y and Z axis.
• "Jurassic Park" (1993) was the first film to integrate convincingly real,
entirely computer-generated characters into a live action film.
• "Toy Story" (1995) from Pixar was the first full-length "cartoon" made
entirely with computer-generated 3-D animation.

7. STOP MOTION
• This technique involves setting an object or character in a specific pose
against a background and taking a picture.
• The involved elements are then slightly modified before taking another
frame. This gives the impression of movement.

8. CLAYMATION
• Clay animation is a form of stop-motion that is popular enough to be seen
as its own technique.
• This involves the same process but clay is used for almost all the
characters, objects, and backdrops.
• Tim Burton has popularized this technique by using it in a number of his
films, including Beetlejuice, The Nightmare Before Christmas, Corpse
Bride, and James and the Giant Peach.

9. CEL ANIMATION
• This was the traditional method used to create 2D animations before the
introduction of computers.
• Cel animation involves drawing various images that are slightly different
and then tracing them onto transparent sheets called a cel.
• This method is mostly obsolete since it is far more time-consuming and
costly to produce.

10. PAINT ON GLASS
ANIMATION
• This rare but attractive technique requires the manipulation of slow-drying
oil paints on sheets of glass to create the illusion of motion.
• Even though it is uncommon and difficult to do, paint-on-glass animation
is usually well-received.
• A Russian animator by the name of Aleksandr Petrov has used this
technique to create seven films, and all of them been award winners.

11. COMPUTER
ANIMATION PROCESS
• First, the filmmakers write a rough sketch of the story.
• Then, the story-beats i.e. major plot points are created.
• Then, story-boarding i.e. 2-D, comic book style rendering
of the scenes, takes place.
• The next step is to have the voice actors come in and record
all of their lines.
• Using the actors' recorded dialogue, the filmmakers
assemble a video animated only with the storyboard
drawings.
• After further editing, re-writing, and re-recording of
dialogue, the real animation is ready to begin.

12. • The art department now designs all the characters, major set locations,
props and color palettes for the film in 3-D.
• Then comes the process called blocking. The director and lead animators
block the key character positions and camera angles for each and every
shot of the movie.
• Now teams of animators are each assigned short snippets of scenes. They
take the blocking instructions and create their own more detailed key
frames.
• Then begins the tweening process. The computer handles a lot of
the interpolation - calculating the best way to tween two key frames - but
the artist often has to tweak the results so they look even more lifelike.
• High-quality animated films are produced at a frame rate of 24 frames
per second (fps). For a 90 minute film, that's nearly 130,000 frames of
animation.

13. • Now the characters and props are given surface texture and color. Then
it's time to light the scenes, using ambient, omnidirectional and spotlights
to create depth, shadows and moods.
• The final step of the process is called rendering. And that’s how an
animated movie is produced.

14. SOME ANIMATION
SOFTWARES
2-D SOFTWARES:
 Pencil
 Creatoon
 Synfig Studio
 Stykz
3-D SOFTWARES:
 Blender
 DAZ Studio
 Aurora 3D Animation Maker
 Bryce

15. ANIMATION SCHOOLS
IN INDIA
 Arena Multimedia
 Maya Academy of Advanced Cinematic (MAAC)
 Zee Institute of Creative Arts (ZICA)
 Global School of Animation
 Whistling Woods International Institute

16. REFERENCES
• www.bloopanimation.com
• www.tutorialspoint.com
• www.howstuffworks.com
• Wikipedia
• www.careerindia.com