The document summarizes research on tilapia conducted at the Institute of Aquaculture. Key points include:
1) Research has studied tilapia genetics, nutrition, disease, and reproduction since 1978.
2) Studies have focused on developing all-male strains using techniques like hormone treatment and chromosome manipulation.
3) Recent work shows photoperiod control and continuous low light can improve spawning activity, fecundity, growth rates, and production cycles in tilapia.
The transfer of fish seed from the hatchery or place of collection to the rearing pond is called transport of fish seed. The seed fish include fry and fingerlings.
Seed production of giant freshwater prawn fisheries pptAshish sahu
Giant freshwater prawn seed production starts in Andaman - INDIA - A scientist and his team of the Division of Fisheries Science, Central Agricultural Research Institute (CARI), Port Blair, have initiated research on breeding and larval rearing of Giant Freshwater Prawn (M Rosenbergii) under controlled conditions at the CARI farm complex.
Macrobrachium rosenbergii, also known as the giant river prawn or giant freshwater prawn, is a commercially important species of palaemonid freshwater prawn. It is found throughout the tropical and subtropical areas of the Indo-Pacific region, from India to Southeast Asia and Northern Australia.
The transfer of fish seed from the hatchery or place of collection to the rearing pond is called transport of fish seed. The seed fish include fry and fingerlings.
Seed production of giant freshwater prawn fisheries pptAshish sahu
Giant freshwater prawn seed production starts in Andaman - INDIA - A scientist and his team of the Division of Fisheries Science, Central Agricultural Research Institute (CARI), Port Blair, have initiated research on breeding and larval rearing of Giant Freshwater Prawn (M Rosenbergii) under controlled conditions at the CARI farm complex.
Macrobrachium rosenbergii, also known as the giant river prawn or giant freshwater prawn, is a commercially important species of palaemonid freshwater prawn. It is found throughout the tropical and subtropical areas of the Indo-Pacific region, from India to Southeast Asia and Northern Australia.
I am uploading the Presentation on Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT). Tilapia is 3rd largest most prefered fish in world which is cultured in 75 countries. This presentation may be helpful to the students of Aquaculture.
Artificial Insemination and its Importance in Marine Crustaceans: A Review by Chandan Haldar*, Shyam Kumar and Raju Ram in crimson publishers: Journal of Marine Biology
Artificial Insemination (AI) is a tool for genetic manipulation in the crustacean stock including shrimp and crabs. It is seen as one of the means for propagating shrimp culture to new areas by controlled reproduction. But there are few studies on the reproduction and embryology of marine crustaceans whereas other groups of freshwater crustaceans have received much attention, and their embryology is better documented. So for the proper development of the marine production it is now necessary to focus on the artificial insemination technique in marine species also. In the current review we have discussed on the different tool and techniques used in artificial insemination of marine crustaceans In future, more number of research and development works must be conducted to increase the production of marine crustaceans by controlled reproduction through artificial insemination.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/eimbo/fulltext/EIMBO.000524.php
For more Open access journals in Crimson Publishers
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/
For more articles in Examines in Marine Biology & Oceanography
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/eimbo/index.php
For more details track the below URL
https://www.linkedin.com/in/chyler-henley-crimson-publishers/
Follow on Publons: https://publons.com/publisher/6342/crimson-publishers
Follow on Linkedin : https://www.linkedin.com/company/crimsonpublishers
In vivo evaluation techniques, for Antifertility agent/activityswapniltirmanwar
"Here are a few techniques that can be used for in vivo study of antifertility drugs in an invoice format.""Here are a few techniques that can be used for in vivo study of antifertility drugs for study ."
Production of super male Tilapia (Sex reversal techniques).pptxAKSHAY MANDAL
The most successful sex reversal and breeding program with the greater economic impact in tilapia farming has been the production of all males XY populations of Nile tilapia from YY males
In 2001, biologist Dr. Graham Mair concluded that YY males technology provides a robust and reliable solution to the serious and widespread problems of early sexual maturation, unwanted reproduction and overpopulation in tilapia culture.
Fertility Restoration after Cancer: Current and Future Therapies By Paul J. ...The Turek Clinics
Urologist and male fertility doctor for vasectomy and vasectomy reversal, sperm retrieval, testicular mapping, varicocele repair and ejaculatory duct repair, Dr. Paul Turek, speaks about Fertility Restoration after Cancer: Current and Future Therapies. Dr. Turek is director of The Turek Clinic. Located in San Francisco, California, The Turek Clinic provides world-class patient care with an essential holistic approach. (WARNING: Images in slides not appropriate for all audiences due to subject matter.)
Male Infertility Review 2011 By Paul J. Turek MD FACS, FRSM, Director of The ...The Turek Clinics
Lecture written and presented by Paul J. Turek MD FACS, FRSM. Dr. Turek is the Director of the The Turek Clinic in San Francisco and Former Professor and Endowed Chair at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF).
Induction of tetraploidy in an ornamental fish koicarp Cyprinus carpio L, us...researchanimalsciences
Koicarp is potentially an important cultured ornamental fish in freshwater.
Moreover there were reports existing on genetic manipulation of koicarp by
application of the heat shock. Hence the present study was made to contribute a
protocol for induction of tetraploidy by heat shock in the koicarp.Induction of
tetraploidy was attempted in
Cyprinus carpio
L, Koicarp by heat shock. Eggs from five
females and milt from five males ok Koicarp were pooled to ensure the required
quantity and quality of gametes for fertilization. After insemination the eggs were
divided into three batches each experiment based on the post fertilization viz., 25min,
27min and 30min after insemination. Batches of eggs held in plastic containers were
exposed to hot water at 38° C, 39° C, 40° C & 41° C for durations of 2min and four min.
One batch of the eggs without heat shock treatment was used as control. After
treatments, eggs were immediately transferred to incubation troughs. Tetraploidy
was ascertained by karyotyping as well as RBC nuclear micro measurements.Heat
shock of 41°C for four min, imparted to eggs for 20 min after fertilization induced a
maximum of 60± 2% tetraploidy and maximum hatchability of 10± 1.5%. A large
proportion of the heat shocked embryos displayed morphological abnormalities such
as short and curved tail, destroyed yolksac, deformed vertebral column and
malformed cephalic region. A maximum of 60± 2% tetraploids (4n = 156) were
obtained when the fertilized eggs (20 min old) were heat shocked at 41° C for four
min duration. The tetraploid red blood cells (RBCs) nucleus volume was 2.1 times
greater than those of the diploid RBC nucleus.Given that koicarp are such a useful
model for other areas of research, perhaps further studies on the induction of
tetraploidy in this species will lead to a better understanding of polyploidy induction
and the establishment of tetraploid lines of koicarp and other species as well.
Induction of tetraploidy in an ornamental fish koicarp Cyprinus carpio L, usi...researchanimalsciences
Koicarp is potentially an important cultured ornamental fish in freshwater. Moreover there were reports existing on genetic manipulation of koicarp by application of the heat shock. Hence the present study was made to contribute a protocol for induction of tetraploidy by heat shock in the koicarp.Induction of tetraploidy was attempted in Cyprinus carpio L, Koicarp by heat shock. Eggs from five females and milt from five males ok Koicarp were pooled to ensure the required quantity and quality of gametes for fertilization. After insemination the eggs were divided into three batches each experiment based on the post fertilization viz., 25min, 27min and 30min after insemination. Batches of eggs held in plastic containers were exposed to hot water at 38° C, 39° C, 40° C & 41° C for durations of 2min and four min. One batch of the eggs without heat shock treatment was used as control. After treatments, eggs were immediately transferred to incubation troughs. Tetraploidy was ascertained by karyotyping as well as RBC nuclear micro measurements.Heat shock of 41°C for four min, imparted to eggs for 20 min after fertilization induced a maximum of 60± 2% tetraploidy and maximum hatchability of 10± 1.5%. A large proportion of the heat shocked embryos displayed morphological abnormalities such as short and curved tail, destroyed yolksac, deformed vertebral column and malformed cephalic region. A maximum of 60± 2% tetraploids (4n = 156) were obtained when the fertilized eggs (20 min old) were heat shocked at 41° C for four min duration. The tetraploid red blood cells (RBCs) nucleus volume was 2.1 times greater than those of the diploid RBC nucleus.Given that koicarp are such a useful model for other areas of research, perhaps further studies on the induction of tetraploidy in this species will lead to a better understanding of polyploidy induction and the establishment of tetraploid lines of koicarp and other species as well.
Article Citation:
Ananth Kumar and Mohamed Abdul Kadher Haniffa.
Induction of Tetraploidy in an Ornamental Fish Koicarp
Cyprinus carpio L, Using Heat Shock.
Journal of Research in Animal Sciences (2012) 1(1): 013-019.
Full Text:
http://janimalsciences.com/documents/AS0006.pdf
Project IdeaFor our project, we will be focusing on the wastewat.docxbriancrawford30935
Project Idea
For our project, we will be focusing on the wastewater issues in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rio de Janeiro was chosen to host the summer 2016 Olympics. Making sure that the water is safe enough for human contact will affect the athletes not only while they compete, but also during their stay in the city. Guanabara Bay, where the water events will take place, contains 84% of the city’s untreated sewage. Tests done by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) showed that the hazardous waste in Guanabara Bay is 1.7 million times more hazardous than what is considered hazardous in California. The International Olympic Committee will use the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines to determine if the Guanabara Bay will be safe enough to host the water events or if a new venue will have to be used. In order to fix this problem in time for the Olympics, the water quality standards set by the World Health Organization need to be enforced and more funding from the government is needed.
1
Introduction to Animal Genetics
Animal Sciences 121
Origins of the Science of
Genetics
Earliest Theories
Pangenesis
Hippocrates and Aristotle,
The organism formed through sexual reproduction
“substance” from the egg and “form” from the seminal
fluid. Sperm and Egg from all parts of the body
each giving its own traits
Accepted by many scientists into late 19th Cent
(including Charles Darwin)
Darwin’s Idea
Origins of the Science of
Genetics
Earliest Theories
Preformationism
1694 Nicolaas Hartsoeker
Postulated the theory of
“Homunculi”
Completely formed miniature individual inside
sperm and egg cells (he never claimed to have actually
seen these ‘little men”)
Origins of the Science of
Genetics
Earliest Theories
Acquired Characteristics
Jean Baptist de Lamark 1800s
Use or disuse of organs, limbs, other controlled
whether they were passed to offspring
Related to Pangensis
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Jean-baptiste_lamarck2.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Jean-baptiste_lamarck2.jpg
2
Earliest Theories
Germplasm
late 1800s August Weismann
Sex cells are fundamentally different than
body cells – somatoplasm
1st major scientific challenge to Pangenesis
Mouse tails – cut off – offspring had normal tails
Origins of the Science of
Genetics
Genetics, as the
study of heredity and
its application to
animal agriculture,
had its practical
origin in peas.
Born 1822, Czech Republic
Augustinian friar
1856 began experiments,
results presented to the
Brünn Society for National
History in 1865,
and published, 1866.
Gregor Johann
Mendel
Mendel’s Pea Plant Traits
3:1
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/August_Weismann.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/August_Weismann.jpg
3
Mendel’s Laws
Segregation –
Each trait has two possibilities which
pass to offspring in a random but
predictable way 9:3:3:1
Mendel’s L.
An introduction to food security with an overview of supply and demand for fish and the FSA views on consumption of oily and non- oily fish. Outline of the requirement to increase aquaculture production. By Lee McDonough
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
1. CEFAS Tilapia Workshop
18th June 2009
Tilapia Research
Institute of Aquaculture
Professor Brendan McAndrew
2. Introduction
There has been research on tilapia
undertaken at the IoA since 1978
Much of this early work funded by UK
overseas development funds.
Wide range of subjects studied -
genetics, nutrition, disease,
reproductive biology.
Stirling strains widely used by
industry
3. Background
Tilapia species gathered from wild in Africa.
All collections checked using morphological as
well as genetic techniques to ensure purity.
Early work repeated existing studies to obtain
baseline results on known genetic material –
hybridisation both intentional and unintentional
was widespread in commercial strains making
identification difficult.
Single sex tilapia has been an ongoing research
topic.
4. MIXED SEX V’S MONOSEX TILAPIA
Mixed SexTilapia All Male Tilapia
5. TILAPIAS (Oreochrom is spp.)
• Monosex male culture offers a solution to reproduction
before harvest: this has been achieved by hormonal
masculinisation or through genetic techniques
• Sex determination appears to be largely genetic and
monofactorial below about 34oC, but differs between
species in the genus (O. niloticus and O. mossambicus
XX/XY, O. aureus WZ/ZZ). YY males viable.
• Above about 34oC, temperature affects sex ratio,
largely through masculinisation of genetic females
• No identification of sex chromosomes or sex-linked
markers until recently - being developed at IOA
6. Manipulation of sex-ratios in tilapia
• Hand sexing, 30g+ fish sexual dimorphism
• Hybridisation, Widely abused, niche use.
• Hormones
•Hormonal sterilisation- unacceptable today.
•Direct - larvae/fry are treated with steroid hormones
during sexual differentiation to change sex ratio.
•Indirect - sex determination system is manipulated in
broodstock to result in progeny which are all genetically
the same sex.
• Temperature dependent sex-determination. 34-38 C can
change phenotypic sex. female-male
7. Hormone sex-reversal
Exogenous hormone swamps natural
hormone changes that cause sexual
development.
Phenotypic change of sex the neomales or
neofemales produced are still the same
genetic sex.
Simple highly efficient technique small
amounts of hormone applied for labile
period.
EU regulation does not allow direct
application in human food chain.
8. According to EU Directive 96/22/EC (entry into force 23 May 1996),
• Contamination from substances with hormonal action and other substances. According to EU Directive
96/22/EC (entry into force 23 May 1996), Member States shall prohibit: (a) the placing on the market of stilbenes,
stilbene derivatives, their salts and esters and thyrostatic substances for administering to animals of all species
and (b) the placing on the market of betaagonists for administering to animals, the flesh and products of which are
intended for human consumption.
They shall, also, prohibit (i) the administering to a farm or
aquaculture animal of substances having a thyrostatic, androgenic
or gestagenic action and of betaagonists, (ii) the holding of animals
on a farm, the placing on the market or slaughter for human
consumption of farm animals or of aquaculture animals which
contain the substances referred or in which the presence of such
substances has been established, (iii) the placing on the market for
human consumption of aquaculture animals to which substances
have been administrated and of processed products derived from
such animals,
9. HORMONAL SEX REVERSAL
Labile period will vary
depending on species 10
LABILE PERIOD days for tilapia 100 days for
trout and seabass
F H YSR SD
DELIVERY
HORMONE
START TIME HIGH RATE OF SEX REVERSAL
DURATION
CONCENTRATION HIGH SURVIVAL RATE
COMPETITION
NATURAL FOOD
F = Fertilisation; H = hatch; YSR = yolk sac resorption; SD = sexual differentiation
10. Direct treatment
Dose between
30-60ppm 17- α Methyltestosterone
(MT)
Dose will depend on wide range of
parameters but must be started
before 10 days post hatch, swim-up
stage.
This require hatcheries to have tight
control over fry collection usually
egg-robbing and artificial incubation
to get the best % reversal.
11. Indirect hormone treatment
This technique is normally used to generate a
specific sex determination genotype.
In tilapia we want an all-male system in a
heterogametic species. E.g. XY male XX female.
We need to develop YY males or ZZ females.
In fish there are several ways to achieve this
result depending on the levels of sophistication
available.
Hormone never used in the production fish.
12. Genetic all-male production in an
XX/XY species – Nile tilapia
using hormone treatments
Process involves several labour intensive progeny (after Mair et al, 1991)
testing stages.
13. Chromosome set manipulation
Induction of gynogenesis in fish
2nd meiosis 1st mitosis
genome 50%
oogonia duplication 1st meiosis 2n
replication
1st polar body
2nd pb
n
Fertilise with
UV irradiated
sperm
2n
ovulation
100%
14. YY male O. niloticus :
Mitotic Gynogenesis
F0 XX female XY male
DES
F1 MITOTIC GYNOGENESIS
XX female XY neofemale
F2
P
XX females
r YY males
o
Progeny testing will identify neofemales
g
e
15. YY male production :
Androgenesis
FRESH SPERM
Late shock
1st mitotic division
Mixed XX females and YY
males.
Haploid embryos
16. Partial pedigree of androgenetic male O.niloticus and the % males in progeny
when crossed to normal females.
17. All-male Stirling red tilapia
Developed from pure Egyptian
O.niloticus.
Dominant red gene- no
melanophores in the epidermis.
Pure breeding strains available,
widely distributed.
Androgenesis used to produce YY
males and can be supplied to
generate all-male fry in Stirling
strain.
18. This is the latest generation of Stirling red tilapia YY male
19. Chromosome set manipulations
Offer rapid way to generate new
genotypes such as YY males.
Useful technology to study the
inheritance of sex-determination
mechanisms and other complex
traits.
Useful technology for gene mapping.
Triploidy- not yet commercial reality.
20. Temperature sex-determination
Evidence that sex-ratio can be biased
towards males by raising individuals from
susceptible families at +34 C.
Selection for lines that produce a higher
male % has shown improvements upto
90% male.
Evidence from high %male lines that high
temperature can reduce this %.
Is this line worth pursuing?
21. Reproductive biology of tilapia
Hatchery production of
tilapia fry relatively inefficient
-low fecundity
-asynchronous spawning
-need large numbers of
females
-hormonal control of
reproduction has not worked
-evidence that light is a major
cue and that tilapia respond
to day length and intensity
22. Photoperiod experiments
Female Nile tilapia from same family
ongrown under identical conditions to
maturity.
Separated into four different light
regimes 6D:18L, 12D:12L, 18D:6L
and 24L.
Females maintained on these
regimes for 6 months and spawning
activity monitored.
All eggs counted and measured.
23. Photoperiod control of reproduction
in tilapia
Number of Spawns Egg production
Total per month 6L:18D 12L12D 18L:6D 24L
100 50000
80 40000
Spawns
60 30000
Eggs
40 20000
20 10000
0 0
6L:18D 12L:12D 18L:6D 24L Sep-01 Oct-01 Nov-01 Dic-01 Ene-02 Feb-02
Inter-spawning-interval
Extended day lengths (18,24hr)
25
increased spawning activity –reduced
20
ab b
Inter Spawning Interval (ISI).
15 ac
days
c
10 Highest and most consistent egg
5 product in 18hr day
0
6L:18D 12L:12D 18L:6D 24L
(Campos-Mendoza et al 2004)
24. Photoperiod
Fecundity
Fecundity (x1000) Relative fecundity (egg/g) Longer days increased
8 relative and total fecundity
7
Number of eggs
6
a b
5
b b
4
3
2
1 b b a a
0
6L:18D 12L:12D 18L:6D 24L
1.2 Diameter mm Volume mm3
1
Shorter ISI resulted in more
y = 0.4405x + 0.2616 but smaller eggs
0.8 R2 = 0.3539; p 0.000
0.6
Log10 mm
0.4
0.2 y = 0.1517x + 0.1938
R2 = 0.3202; p 0.000
0
(Campos-Mendoza et al 2004)
1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Log 10 ISI
25. Potential for photoperiod control
18L:6D produced 58% more eggs than the
ambient 12L:12D photoperiod.
Fish under 18L:6D significantly higher
total and relative fecundity, reduced ISI
and greater clutch size.
Some photoperiod better than continuous
light – entrain rhythm.
Further work on mechanism underway.
Evidence that they are very sensitive to
light.
26. Light Intensity - growth
Recent work has shown that growth
performance can be improved by using
continuous medium to low lighting
regimes.
Up to 20% improvement in weight at 118
dph under experimental conditions needs
to be repeated under commercial
conditions.
In other species benefits not seen until
later growth stages.
27. Table 1. Light intensities in Watts m-2 and Lux (mean SE)
measured at the bottom and surface of the tanks for each
experimental treatment during day time.
Treatment Watts m-2 Lux
LL High top 3.0 0.2/ 684.0 32.0/
bottom 4.6 06 1031.0 104.0
LL Medium 0.5 0.1 / 141.5 17.5/
0.7 0.1 172.5 10.5
LL Low 0.04 0.0/ 4.5 0.5/
0.0 0.0 8.0 1.0
Control 0.7 0.1 / 172.5 22.5/
0.9 0.2 190.5 30.5
28. Weight over time in Nile tilapia raised up to 118 days post hatch under different
light intensities (High LL, Medium LL, Low LL and Control 12L:12D). Values are
expressed as mean SE (n = 33-75 / replicate). Superscripts indicate significant
differences between treatments at a given time point.
29. Different photoperiod control systems
widely used in fish culture in NW Europe
to control sexual maturation and improve
growth performance in salmon, trout and
marine species.
> 30% improvement on growth
performance with extended days.
30. Extended day-length in
hatchery likely to improve
fry yields.
Extended day-length in
ongrowing likely to
improve overall growth
rate –shorter production
cycles.
Genomic techniques
being used at the
moment to study many of
the traits described- new
developments to come
New light technology used by cod farming
operations in Norway and Scotland.
31. Scientists involved
Dr David Penman
Dr Hérve Migaud
Dr Jim Myers
Dr M. Gulam Hussain
Dr Antonio Campos-Mendosa
Dr Rafael Campos-Ramos
Dr Antonio Mendoza.
Dr Chris Martinez.