This document outlines the programme for a two-day workshop on developing a sustainable finfish aquaculture industry in England. The workshop aims to bring together stakeholders from across sectors to discuss a shared vision and strategy. Day 1 will involve presentations on the potential for different types of aquaculture in England, including recirculating systems, trout farms, and tilapia. Day 2 will focus on regulatory issues, sustainability strategies, and working groups on topics such as feed, energy use, environmental impacts, and marketing. The overall goal is to explore how aquaculture can supplement declining wild fish catches while ensuring environmental sustainability.
This document summarizes the experimental facilities at Cefas, including over 220 glass and GRP freshwater and saltwater tanks that can be customized for studies. The facility has temperature control, programmable lighting, and alarm systems. It houses a variety of fish and invertebrate species and can design custom systems. The facility treats all effluent water onsite before releasing it.
The document discusses pathogen management and modelling. It summarizes that the Fish Health Inspectorate monitors disease emergence through field inspections and risk assessments. Pathogen testing is conducted at reference laboratories for various diseases. Field studies assess pathogen distribution, life-cycles, and risk factors through epidemiological studies. Disease modelling and experimental studies inform optimal control policies.
- The Aquatic Product Evaluation Group (APEG) is a virtual team of scientists with over 25 years of experience researching aquatic products.
- APEG provides testing services for vaccines, medicines, disinfectants, feed additives and more using world-class aquarium and laboratory facilities.
- Their services help the aquaculture, pharmaceutical, chemical and other industries ensure their products are safe and effective.
This document discusses recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS) for fish and shrimp farming with integrated hydroponics (aquaponics). It provides details on candidate species for RAS, system design considerations, and examples of RAS for various species including sea bass, turbot, Arctic charr, European perch, and shrimp. It also discusses factors to consider like temperature, salinity, growth rates, feed conversion ratios, and production densities for different species in RAS.
Tilapia have been cultured for over 3,000 years in Africa and are now widely farmed globally. They are native to Africa, Israel, and Jordan. The Nile tilapia is the most commonly farmed species. Tilapia grow well in temperatures above 25°C and can be raised in various systems like ponds, cages, tanks, and indoor raceways. They are often cultured as either mixed-sex or all-male populations, which require techniques like sex-reversal. Global tilapia production was over 2 million metric tons in 2004, with top producers being China, Egypt, and Indonesia.
This document discusses the importance of biosecurity in primary poultry breeders. It outlines that diseases can cause significant production losses and costs, so prevention through biosecurity is crucial. It describes the industry structure from genetic improvement to broilers and consumers. The focus of prevention in primary breeding is on vertical disease transmission. Potential disease sources include other poultry/livestock, feed, housing, people, rodents, wild birds, and equipment. Components of biosecurity discussed include physical barriers, vaccines, pharmaceutical controls, feed/water safety, rodent prevention, and monitoring. Strict protocols around people, clothing, footwear and vehicle movement are emphasized to control disease spread.
The document discusses biofloc technology (BFT), which uses bacteria to control water quality in aquaculture. BFT balances carbon and nitrogen to form protein-rich flocs that fish and shrimp can eat. BFT allows high stocking densities in a sustainable way by recycling nutrients. It has benefits for nursery, grow-out, and breeding phases of aquaculture and may provide an alternative protein source. BFT also shows potential for controlling disease through quorum sensing disruption and immune stimulation.
This document outlines the programme for a two-day workshop on developing a sustainable finfish aquaculture industry in England. The workshop aims to bring together stakeholders from across sectors to discuss a shared vision and strategy. Day 1 will involve presentations on the potential for different types of aquaculture in England, including recirculating systems, trout farms, and tilapia. Day 2 will focus on regulatory issues, sustainability strategies, and working groups on topics such as feed, energy use, environmental impacts, and marketing. The overall goal is to explore how aquaculture can supplement declining wild fish catches while ensuring environmental sustainability.
This document summarizes the experimental facilities at Cefas, including over 220 glass and GRP freshwater and saltwater tanks that can be customized for studies. The facility has temperature control, programmable lighting, and alarm systems. It houses a variety of fish and invertebrate species and can design custom systems. The facility treats all effluent water onsite before releasing it.
The document discusses pathogen management and modelling. It summarizes that the Fish Health Inspectorate monitors disease emergence through field inspections and risk assessments. Pathogen testing is conducted at reference laboratories for various diseases. Field studies assess pathogen distribution, life-cycles, and risk factors through epidemiological studies. Disease modelling and experimental studies inform optimal control policies.
- The Aquatic Product Evaluation Group (APEG) is a virtual team of scientists with over 25 years of experience researching aquatic products.
- APEG provides testing services for vaccines, medicines, disinfectants, feed additives and more using world-class aquarium and laboratory facilities.
- Their services help the aquaculture, pharmaceutical, chemical and other industries ensure their products are safe and effective.
This document discusses recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS) for fish and shrimp farming with integrated hydroponics (aquaponics). It provides details on candidate species for RAS, system design considerations, and examples of RAS for various species including sea bass, turbot, Arctic charr, European perch, and shrimp. It also discusses factors to consider like temperature, salinity, growth rates, feed conversion ratios, and production densities for different species in RAS.
Tilapia have been cultured for over 3,000 years in Africa and are now widely farmed globally. They are native to Africa, Israel, and Jordan. The Nile tilapia is the most commonly farmed species. Tilapia grow well in temperatures above 25°C and can be raised in various systems like ponds, cages, tanks, and indoor raceways. They are often cultured as either mixed-sex or all-male populations, which require techniques like sex-reversal. Global tilapia production was over 2 million metric tons in 2004, with top producers being China, Egypt, and Indonesia.
This document discusses the importance of biosecurity in primary poultry breeders. It outlines that diseases can cause significant production losses and costs, so prevention through biosecurity is crucial. It describes the industry structure from genetic improvement to broilers and consumers. The focus of prevention in primary breeding is on vertical disease transmission. Potential disease sources include other poultry/livestock, feed, housing, people, rodents, wild birds, and equipment. Components of biosecurity discussed include physical barriers, vaccines, pharmaceutical controls, feed/water safety, rodent prevention, and monitoring. Strict protocols around people, clothing, footwear and vehicle movement are emphasized to control disease spread.
The document discusses biofloc technology (BFT), which uses bacteria to control water quality in aquaculture. BFT balances carbon and nitrogen to form protein-rich flocs that fish and shrimp can eat. BFT allows high stocking densities in a sustainable way by recycling nutrients. It has benefits for nursery, grow-out, and breeding phases of aquaculture and may provide an alternative protein source. BFT also shows potential for controlling disease through quorum sensing disruption and immune stimulation.
The Disinfectant Listing Scheme provides a public list of disinfectant products that have demonstrated efficacy against bacterial and viral diseases relevant to aquaculture. The scheme was launched in 2010 to increase awareness of suitable disinfectants for the ~500 authorized fish farms and >5,200 registered freshwater fisheries in England and Wales. Products must meet Biocidal Products Directive requirements and be tested against specified bacterial and viral diseases using EN standards to be included on the public list managed by the Fish Health Inspectorate.
This document summarizes the diagnostic tools and capabilities available at the European Community Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases. It outlines the main diagnostic techniques used such as histology, electron microscopy, molecular diagnostics and antibodies. It also describes the laboratory's accreditation for specific diagnostic methods and its biosecure facilities. Experimental challenge studies are discussed as a tool for determining species susceptibility, using an example of testing European crustaceans for susceptibility to WSSV. The document concludes with an overview of current research areas.
Brett Lyons leads a group at Cefas that conducts chemical risk assessments through multi-disciplinary approaches. The group analyzes the fate and effects of chemicals in aquatic ecosystems, and develops testing guidelines through international organizations. It has extensive analytical chemistry capabilities and facilities for studying chemicals. The group performs a wide range of ecotoxicology tests on invertebrates, fish, and amphibians. It also conducts environmental monitoring, effects testing, and uses sticklebacks as a model species. The group identifies causes of toxicity in complex samples and links biomarkers to behavior.
The document summarizes research on tilapia conducted at the Institute of Aquaculture. Key points include:
1) Research has studied tilapia genetics, nutrition, disease, and reproduction since 1978.
2) Studies have focused on developing all-male strains using techniques like hormone treatment and chromosome manipulation.
3) Recent work shows photoperiod control and continuous low light can improve spawning activity, fecundity, growth rates, and production cycles in tilapia.
This document discusses key areas of tilapia husbandry including water quality, systems, stock management, feeding, and disease monitoring. It emphasizes that while tilapia are tolerant of poor water quality, optimal conditions are needed to maximize growth performance. Water quality parameters like dissolved oxygen above 5mg/L, unionized ammonia below 0.1mg/L, and nitrite below 1mg/L are recommended. Tilapia grow best in intensive systems like circular tanks or raceways with water flows below 5cm/sec and photoperiods of 18 hours light. Good stock management includes uniform sizing, regular grading, and starting densities of 20kg/m3. Feeding multiple small meals per day is
This document summarizes the emergence of Francisella infections in tilapia farming operations in England and Wales. Early sampling found granulomas and gram-negative bacteria in affected fish tissues. Molecular testing identified the bacteria as a Francisella species previously seen in tilapia. Further sampling of a new batch did not find the bacteria. The discovery has consequences for the affected farmer and tilapia industry in preventing future outbreaks.
This document discusses biosecurity for tilapia industries. It defines biosecurity as a combination of risk analysis and practical, procedural, and physical measures. Key reasons for implementing biosecurity include financial impacts from disease outbreaks, gaps in production schedules, impacts on fish welfare and distress. The document emphasizes that prevention is better than cure, as many serious fish diseases lack effective treatments. It identifies potential pathways for diseases to enter sites, such as through water supplies, staff, visitors, other animals, and new stock introductions, and provides recommendations to manage these risks.
This document discusses aquaponics and renewable energy systems. It describes an aquaponics social enterprise that provides components and complete systems. Profits fund research and development. It then explains how aquaponics integrates aquaculture and hydroponics in a low-input, high-output system. A case study of a project called ABLE integrates aquaculture, hydroponics greenhouses, biomass heating, and other renewable energy options like heat pumps. The system is designed for education and as a scalable commercial model.
This document summarizes a workshop presentation on applying UV and ozone in recirculation systems. The presentation discusses disinfecting both new intake water and system water, which can contain bacteria, parasites, and pathogens. UV light is effective at disinfecting by damaging DNA at a wavelength of 254nm, though its effectiveness depends on water transparency. Ozone is a powerful oxidizer that can improve water quality by breaking down organic materials and disinfecting, but high doses are needed and it poses risks to fish and human health if not properly controlled. The costs of UV and ozone systems depend on the required flow rates and intended results.
The document summarizes information about the British Trout Association (BTA) and the UK trout farming industry. The BTA represents 80% of UK trout producers. It liaises with regulatory bodies, coordinates research and development, manages a quality assurance scheme, handles issues, and administers the British Trout Farmers Restocking Association. The BTA is funded through a feed levy and membership fees, with an annual budget of around £150,000. It aims to provide support to the industry and ensure legislation and research meet the needs of trout farmers.
The document summarizes the potential for offshore aquaculture development in England. It discusses how offshore aquaculture could help address issues with inshore aquaculture like environmental concerns, lack of space, and disease. Offshore aquaculture faces significant challenges from physical forces like waves and currents. It also raises regulatory, economic, technical, and environmental issues that would need to be addressed. The document advocates testing offshore aquaculture technologies at a pilot scale as an initial goal.
This document discusses aquaponics, an integrated system of aquaculture and hydroponics that aims to produce food in a sustainable way. It operates several aquaponics projects in the UK and abroad, including educational projects and commercial systems. Aquaponics recycles the waste from fish into nutrients for hydroponically grown plants, providing multiple outputs from one system while using resources efficiently. It has the potential to address issues of increasing population, resource constraints, and food security through local, integrated production.
Tilapia is a globally important aquaculture species that is farmed worldwide. It is known as the "aquatic chicken" due to its hardiness, fast growth, and lack of cultural and religious restrictions on consumption. Global tilapia production has grown rapidly and is predicted to surpass carp as the most important aquaculture species by 2010. Tilapia farming employs many people worldwide and supports economic development. The tilapia industry continues to improve practices around food safety, quality control, and environmental sustainability to meet rising global demand.
The document discusses the concepts of organic carp and backyard fish farming as sustainable forms of aquaculture. It explores raising carp and other species organically on small or backyard scales. Key challenges include developing adequate and cost-effective organic feed, improving pond productivity, and establishing appropriate markets. While questions remain, the document argues that small-scale, semi-intensive systems have potential if enthusiastic producers and researchers further develop the approaches.
The document discusses the Danish model farm approach to trout farming and its potential application in England. It provides background on the current English trout industry and market trends. It then gives a brief history of the Danish model farm system and examples of its strengths and weaknesses. While there may be benefits, the document concludes that full replication of the Danish model is not feasible for England due to significant costs and site limitations, but certain elements could still be relevant or combined with other strategies to improve production efficiency.
This document discusses recirculation aquaculture systems. It notes that these systems are used worldwide at large scales to intensively produce fish. The key advantages are that they allow precise environmental control, high production capacity, and up to 99% less water usage than conventional aquaculture. However, high initial investment and the complexity of the technology also present challenges. Proper system design, monitoring, staff training and market planning are essential for success.
This document discusses the current status and future prospects of feed sustainability in aquaculture. It outlines several milestones such as replacing fishmeal and fish oil in feeds, responsible sourcing of feed ingredients, and schemes to control feed quality. It summarizes research showing complete replacement of fishmeal and oil is feasible in some farmed fish species, though growth and feed efficiency may be reduced compared to feeds containing fishmeal. Data from one study on rainbow trout is presented, showing effects of fishmeal and fish oil on growth rates and fatty acid levels.
An introduction to food security with an overview of supply and demand for fish and the FSA views on consumption of oily and non- oily fish. Outline of the requirement to increase aquaculture production. By Lee McDonough
This document discusses developing a sustainable finfish aquaculture industry in England. It summarizes Wales' experience in investing in aquaculture technologies through strategic planning and public funding over 10 years. This has helped grow Wales' aquaculture industry, though it remains in an early phase. The document advocates a similar long-term, structured approach in England involving stakeholder engagement and public support to kickstart new developments, drawing on lessons from Wales.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the new Aquatic Animal Health Directive, including:
1) It establishes a risk-based and preventative approach to aquatic animal health, requiring biosecurity plans and authorizing businesses.
2) It covers fish, molluscs, and crustaceans, listing notifiable exotic and non-exotic diseases.
3) The Fish Health Inspectorate is the competent authority responsible for disease surveillance, controls, and enforcement.
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The Disinfectant Listing Scheme provides a public list of disinfectant products that have demonstrated efficacy against bacterial and viral diseases relevant to aquaculture. The scheme was launched in 2010 to increase awareness of suitable disinfectants for the ~500 authorized fish farms and >5,200 registered freshwater fisheries in England and Wales. Products must meet Biocidal Products Directive requirements and be tested against specified bacterial and viral diseases using EN standards to be included on the public list managed by the Fish Health Inspectorate.
This document summarizes the diagnostic tools and capabilities available at the European Community Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases. It outlines the main diagnostic techniques used such as histology, electron microscopy, molecular diagnostics and antibodies. It also describes the laboratory's accreditation for specific diagnostic methods and its biosecure facilities. Experimental challenge studies are discussed as a tool for determining species susceptibility, using an example of testing European crustaceans for susceptibility to WSSV. The document concludes with an overview of current research areas.
Brett Lyons leads a group at Cefas that conducts chemical risk assessments through multi-disciplinary approaches. The group analyzes the fate and effects of chemicals in aquatic ecosystems, and develops testing guidelines through international organizations. It has extensive analytical chemistry capabilities and facilities for studying chemicals. The group performs a wide range of ecotoxicology tests on invertebrates, fish, and amphibians. It also conducts environmental monitoring, effects testing, and uses sticklebacks as a model species. The group identifies causes of toxicity in complex samples and links biomarkers to behavior.
The document summarizes research on tilapia conducted at the Institute of Aquaculture. Key points include:
1) Research has studied tilapia genetics, nutrition, disease, and reproduction since 1978.
2) Studies have focused on developing all-male strains using techniques like hormone treatment and chromosome manipulation.
3) Recent work shows photoperiod control and continuous low light can improve spawning activity, fecundity, growth rates, and production cycles in tilapia.
This document discusses key areas of tilapia husbandry including water quality, systems, stock management, feeding, and disease monitoring. It emphasizes that while tilapia are tolerant of poor water quality, optimal conditions are needed to maximize growth performance. Water quality parameters like dissolved oxygen above 5mg/L, unionized ammonia below 0.1mg/L, and nitrite below 1mg/L are recommended. Tilapia grow best in intensive systems like circular tanks or raceways with water flows below 5cm/sec and photoperiods of 18 hours light. Good stock management includes uniform sizing, regular grading, and starting densities of 20kg/m3. Feeding multiple small meals per day is
This document summarizes the emergence of Francisella infections in tilapia farming operations in England and Wales. Early sampling found granulomas and gram-negative bacteria in affected fish tissues. Molecular testing identified the bacteria as a Francisella species previously seen in tilapia. Further sampling of a new batch did not find the bacteria. The discovery has consequences for the affected farmer and tilapia industry in preventing future outbreaks.
This document discusses biosecurity for tilapia industries. It defines biosecurity as a combination of risk analysis and practical, procedural, and physical measures. Key reasons for implementing biosecurity include financial impacts from disease outbreaks, gaps in production schedules, impacts on fish welfare and distress. The document emphasizes that prevention is better than cure, as many serious fish diseases lack effective treatments. It identifies potential pathways for diseases to enter sites, such as through water supplies, staff, visitors, other animals, and new stock introductions, and provides recommendations to manage these risks.
This document discusses aquaponics and renewable energy systems. It describes an aquaponics social enterprise that provides components and complete systems. Profits fund research and development. It then explains how aquaponics integrates aquaculture and hydroponics in a low-input, high-output system. A case study of a project called ABLE integrates aquaculture, hydroponics greenhouses, biomass heating, and other renewable energy options like heat pumps. The system is designed for education and as a scalable commercial model.
This document summarizes a workshop presentation on applying UV and ozone in recirculation systems. The presentation discusses disinfecting both new intake water and system water, which can contain bacteria, parasites, and pathogens. UV light is effective at disinfecting by damaging DNA at a wavelength of 254nm, though its effectiveness depends on water transparency. Ozone is a powerful oxidizer that can improve water quality by breaking down organic materials and disinfecting, but high doses are needed and it poses risks to fish and human health if not properly controlled. The costs of UV and ozone systems depend on the required flow rates and intended results.
The document summarizes information about the British Trout Association (BTA) and the UK trout farming industry. The BTA represents 80% of UK trout producers. It liaises with regulatory bodies, coordinates research and development, manages a quality assurance scheme, handles issues, and administers the British Trout Farmers Restocking Association. The BTA is funded through a feed levy and membership fees, with an annual budget of around £150,000. It aims to provide support to the industry and ensure legislation and research meet the needs of trout farmers.
The document summarizes the potential for offshore aquaculture development in England. It discusses how offshore aquaculture could help address issues with inshore aquaculture like environmental concerns, lack of space, and disease. Offshore aquaculture faces significant challenges from physical forces like waves and currents. It also raises regulatory, economic, technical, and environmental issues that would need to be addressed. The document advocates testing offshore aquaculture technologies at a pilot scale as an initial goal.
This document discusses aquaponics, an integrated system of aquaculture and hydroponics that aims to produce food in a sustainable way. It operates several aquaponics projects in the UK and abroad, including educational projects and commercial systems. Aquaponics recycles the waste from fish into nutrients for hydroponically grown plants, providing multiple outputs from one system while using resources efficiently. It has the potential to address issues of increasing population, resource constraints, and food security through local, integrated production.
Tilapia is a globally important aquaculture species that is farmed worldwide. It is known as the "aquatic chicken" due to its hardiness, fast growth, and lack of cultural and religious restrictions on consumption. Global tilapia production has grown rapidly and is predicted to surpass carp as the most important aquaculture species by 2010. Tilapia farming employs many people worldwide and supports economic development. The tilapia industry continues to improve practices around food safety, quality control, and environmental sustainability to meet rising global demand.
The document discusses the concepts of organic carp and backyard fish farming as sustainable forms of aquaculture. It explores raising carp and other species organically on small or backyard scales. Key challenges include developing adequate and cost-effective organic feed, improving pond productivity, and establishing appropriate markets. While questions remain, the document argues that small-scale, semi-intensive systems have potential if enthusiastic producers and researchers further develop the approaches.
The document discusses the Danish model farm approach to trout farming and its potential application in England. It provides background on the current English trout industry and market trends. It then gives a brief history of the Danish model farm system and examples of its strengths and weaknesses. While there may be benefits, the document concludes that full replication of the Danish model is not feasible for England due to significant costs and site limitations, but certain elements could still be relevant or combined with other strategies to improve production efficiency.
This document discusses recirculation aquaculture systems. It notes that these systems are used worldwide at large scales to intensively produce fish. The key advantages are that they allow precise environmental control, high production capacity, and up to 99% less water usage than conventional aquaculture. However, high initial investment and the complexity of the technology also present challenges. Proper system design, monitoring, staff training and market planning are essential for success.
This document discusses the current status and future prospects of feed sustainability in aquaculture. It outlines several milestones such as replacing fishmeal and fish oil in feeds, responsible sourcing of feed ingredients, and schemes to control feed quality. It summarizes research showing complete replacement of fishmeal and oil is feasible in some farmed fish species, though growth and feed efficiency may be reduced compared to feeds containing fishmeal. Data from one study on rainbow trout is presented, showing effects of fishmeal and fish oil on growth rates and fatty acid levels.
An introduction to food security with an overview of supply and demand for fish and the FSA views on consumption of oily and non- oily fish. Outline of the requirement to increase aquaculture production. By Lee McDonough
This document discusses developing a sustainable finfish aquaculture industry in England. It summarizes Wales' experience in investing in aquaculture technologies through strategic planning and public funding over 10 years. This has helped grow Wales' aquaculture industry, though it remains in an early phase. The document advocates a similar long-term, structured approach in England involving stakeholder engagement and public support to kickstart new developments, drawing on lessons from Wales.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the new Aquatic Animal Health Directive, including:
1) It establishes a risk-based and preventative approach to aquatic animal health, requiring biosecurity plans and authorizing businesses.
2) It covers fish, molluscs, and crustaceans, listing notifiable exotic and non-exotic diseases.
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APEG 2010 Conference Agenda
1. APEG (Aquatic Product Evaluation Group)
Reception for commercial customers and stakeholders
Wednesday 16th June 2010
Programme
Time All presentations (Seminar Room 107)
11.00 Arrival - Cefas Weymouth Laboratory (Foyer)
Coffee and pastries
11.15-11.30 Welcome and Introduction
Stephen Irving, Director, The work of the Weymouth laboratory
11.30-11.45 Pathogen management and modelling – Nick Taylor
11.45-12.00 Aquaculture Disinfectant listing Scheme – Angela Trent
12.00-12.15 Introduction to APEG – new services - Jason Weeks
12.15-12.30 Disease challenge models – Grant Stentiford
12.30-12.45 Our environmental risk assessment services – Brett Lyons
12.45-13.00 Experimental facility - Ian Tew
13.00 Buffet Lunch/ Networking event/ Series of lab tours - Foyer
(additional meeting rooms available)*
15.00 Departure
* Opportunity for visitors staying over to have dinner together