engineering physics- unit 3- thermal physics- thermodynamics- laws of thermodynamics- heat engine- carnot cycle- otto and diesel engine- forbes and lees disc method.
This is an introductory lecture on physics. explaining vectors, scalars , The SI unit system and the Dimensions and calculations. explained briefly with examples helps you to understand better concepts of fundamentals
This is an introductory lecture on physics. explaining vectors, scalars , The SI unit system and the Dimensions and calculations. explained briefly with examples helps you to understand better concepts of fundamentals
Arrangement of atoms can be most simply portrayed by Crystal Lattice, in which atoms are visualized as, Hard Balls located at particular locations
Space Lattice / Lattice: Periodic arrangement of points in space with respect to three dimensional network of lines
Each atom in lattice when replaced by a point is called Lattice Point, which are the intersections of above network of lines
Arrangement of such points in 3-D space is called Lattice Array and 3-D space is called Lattice Space
force, pull, push, magnetic force, frictional force, direction, formula mass x acceleration, a vector quantity, magnitude, types of forces, muscular force, speed, shape, force, size, unit, newton, position, moving object, assignments1, assignment2
Arrangement of atoms can be most simply portrayed by Crystal Lattice, in which atoms are visualized as, Hard Balls located at particular locations
Space Lattice / Lattice: Periodic arrangement of points in space with respect to three dimensional network of lines
Each atom in lattice when replaced by a point is called Lattice Point, which are the intersections of above network of lines
Arrangement of such points in 3-D space is called Lattice Array and 3-D space is called Lattice Space
force, pull, push, magnetic force, frictional force, direction, formula mass x acceleration, a vector quantity, magnitude, types of forces, muscular force, speed, shape, force, size, unit, newton, position, moving object, assignments1, assignment2
4.1 The Atomic Models of Thomson and Rutherford
4.2 Rutherford Scattering
4.3 The Classic Atomic Model
4.4 The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom
4.5 Successes and Failures of the Bohr Model
4.6 Characteristic X-Ray Spectra and Atomic Number
4.7 Atomic Excitation by Electrons
3.1 Discovery of the X Ray and the Electron
3.2 Determination of Electron Charge
3.3 Line Spectra
3.4 Quantization
3.5 Blackbody Radiation
3.6 Photoelectric Effect
3.7 X-Ray Production
3.8 Compton Effect
3.9 Pair Production and Annihilation
CHAPTER 10 Molecules and Solids
10.1 Molecular Bonding and Spectra
10.2 Stimulated Emission and Lasers
10.3 Structural Properties of Solids
10.4 Thermal and Magnetic Properties of Solids
10.5 Superconductivity
10.6 Applications of Superconductivity
7.1 Application of the Schrödinger Equation to the Hydrogen Atom
7.2 Solution of the Schrödinger Equation for Hydrogen
7.3 Quantum Numbers
7.4 Magnetic Effects on Atomic Spectra – The Normal Zeeman Effect
7.5 Intrinsic Spin
7.6 Energy Levels and Electron Probabilities
CHAPTER 5 Wave Properties of Matter and Quantum Mechanics I
5.1 X-Ray Scattering (review and some more material)
5.2 De Broglie Waves
5.3 Electron Scattering / Transmission electron microscopy
5.4 Wave Motion
5.5 Waves or Particles?
5.6 Uncertainty Principle
5.7 Probability, Wave Functions, and the Copenhagen Interpretation
5.8 Particle in a Box
CHAPTER 6 Quantum Mechanics II
6.0 Partial differentials
6.1 The Schrödinger Wave Equation
6.2 Expectation Values
6.3 Infinite Square-Well Potential
6.4 Finite Square-Well Potential
6.5 Three-Dimensional Infinite-Potential Well
6.6 Simple Harmonic Oscillator
6.7 Barriers and Tunneling in some books an extra chapter due to its technical importance
This slide will completely describes you about thermodynamics. The basics of thermo is explained in this slide. Intensive and Extensive Propeties are exolained in this properties.
Specific volume, enthalpty, pressure, temperature_ thermodynamic work
First and second law of thermody namics
Basic concepts of wet steam. superheated steam, dryness fraction_ degree of superheat.
Babcock and Wilcox boiler, Cochran boiler
Various mountings and accessories (without construction details).
Steam nozzles — continuity equation.
types of nozzles, Mach number, applications of nozzles. Impulse and reaction turbines, necessity of compounding.
Control of pollution due to steam boilers
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Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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3. • Conduction is the process by which heat is
transmitted along a body from one molecule
to the neighbouring molecule, without the
actual movement of the molecules from one
place to another.
6. THERMAL EXPANSION
• Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter
to change in volume in response to a change
in temperature.
• When a substance is heated, its particles
begin moving more and thus usually maintain
a greater average separation. Materials which
contract with increasing temperature are
unusual; this effect is limited in size, and only
occurs within limited temperature ranges.
11. Zeroth law:
• If body A is in thermal equilibrium with B and
B is in thermal equilibrium with C, then C is
also in thermal equilibrium with A.
First law:
• Although energy may be converted from one
form to another, it cannot be created or
destroyed.
12. • Second law:
– Heat cannot by itself pass from a cold to a hot body.
– All spontaneous processes are, to some extent, irreversible and
are accompanied by a degradation of energy.
– Every system, when left to itself, will on the average, change
toward a system of maximum probability.
– Kelvin planck statement. It is impossible to construct an engine
that, operating continuously will produce no effect other than
the transfer of heat from a single thermal reservoir at a uniform
temperature and the performance of an equal amount of work.
– Clausius statement. It is impossible to construct a heat pump
that, operating continuously, will produce no effect other than
the transfer of heat from a lower temperature body to a higher
temperature one.
13. BIMETALLIC STRIPS
• A bimetallic strip is used to convert a
temperature change into mechanical
displacement.
• The strip consists of two strips of different
metals which expand at different rates as they
are heated, usually steel and copper, or in
some cases steel and brass.
15. OTTO AND DIESEL CYCLES
• The otto cycle and the diesel cycle are the two
important air- standard cycles used for the analysis of
internal combustion engines.
• In an ideal otto cycle, the heat is supplied during a
constant volume process. It requires that the
combustion of the fuel is instantaneous and occur so
rapidly that the change in volume is negligible.
• In the air standard “diesel cycle”, the heat is supplied
during a constant pressure process. It necessitates the
combustion process to occur very slowly.
16. CARNOT’S CYCLE.
• Principle
– No heat engine operating in a cycle between two
constant temperature reservoirs.
– All reversible engines working between two
constant temperature reservoirs have the same
efficiency irrespective of the working substance,
and this efficiency is dependent only on the
temperature levels.
17. FORBES AND LEES DISC METHOD
• Forbes method- to determine the thermal
conduction in good conductors.
• Lees disc method- to determine the thermal
conduction in bad conductors.