The alternative energy sources are new option in front of world to overcome energy crisis and pollution related issues. The solar energy, wind energy and bio mass are three major sources and out of these three energy sources solar energy is the easiest source to extract useful energy because the wind energy can be useful particularly in coastal area where there is high wind velocity and energy extraction bio mass needs either chemical conversion or thermo chemical conversion process. The objective of present work is to developed solar distillation system consists of wax as phase change material to improve the thermal performance.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A SOLAR STILL COUPLED TO AN EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTO...IAEME Publication
Solar distillation is a promising method for the supply of freshwater to rural communities. Worldwide passive solar still is used for solar distillation plants due to its simplicity in construction and operation, low cost and however the yield is low. Various active methods have been developed to overcome this issue. These developments create additional costs for the system. The main objective of this project is to effectively utilize the solar water heater for solar still productivity enhancement, which works as a hybrid system.
PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF SINGLE SLOPE SOLAR STILL USING NANOPARTICLES MIXED...antjjournal
The present paper reports on an experiment to improve the productivity of solar still using nano-particles.Solar distillation is a relatively simple treatment of brackish or impure water. In this solar energy is used to evaporate water then this vapour is condensed as pure water. This process removes salts and other impurities. Latest trend to improve the efficiency of the solar still is use of nano-particles like metal oxides. These particles increase surface area of absorption to solar radiation. In this work the Al2O3 nanoparticles
mixed black paint is used to enhance the productivity of solar still. The solar radiations are transmitted through the glass cover and captured by a black painted inner bottom surface of the solar still. Water absorbs the heat and is converted into vapour within the chamber of the solar still.Single slop solar
still is used from past decades but in this study effect of nano-particles on productivity of solar still is
analyzed. Experimental work is performed for the single slope solar still (SS-SS) under climatic conditions
of Jaipur. The use of the nano-particles mixed with black paint increases the temperature of the solar still
basin. The productivity and efficiency of solar still at water depth 0.01 m with nano-particles are 3.48 litre
and 38.65% respectively which are maximum values compared to water depths 0.02 m and 0.03 m. Results
of the study gives 38.09% increment in productivity and 12.18% increment in thermal efficiency when
nano-particles of size 50 nm to 100 nm mixed black paint used at water depth .01 m. To check the
significance of difference in productivity of solar still with and without nano-particle mixed black paint, a
paired t-Test is performed which is conforms that the productivity enhancement due to nano-particle mixed
black paint is significant at 95% confidence interval.
RO - Water Desalination Unit using parabolic trough collectorAhmad Khaled
Our graduation project from college of engineering at shoubra - benha university
water Desalination unit with the use of concentrating solar thermal system and reverse osmosis method.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A SOLAR STILL COUPLED TO AN EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTO...IAEME Publication
Solar distillation is a promising method for the supply of freshwater to rural communities. Worldwide passive solar still is used for solar distillation plants due to its simplicity in construction and operation, low cost and however the yield is low. Various active methods have been developed to overcome this issue. These developments create additional costs for the system. The main objective of this project is to effectively utilize the solar water heater for solar still productivity enhancement, which works as a hybrid system.
PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF SINGLE SLOPE SOLAR STILL USING NANOPARTICLES MIXED...antjjournal
The present paper reports on an experiment to improve the productivity of solar still using nano-particles.Solar distillation is a relatively simple treatment of brackish or impure water. In this solar energy is used to evaporate water then this vapour is condensed as pure water. This process removes salts and other impurities. Latest trend to improve the efficiency of the solar still is use of nano-particles like metal oxides. These particles increase surface area of absorption to solar radiation. In this work the Al2O3 nanoparticles
mixed black paint is used to enhance the productivity of solar still. The solar radiations are transmitted through the glass cover and captured by a black painted inner bottom surface of the solar still. Water absorbs the heat and is converted into vapour within the chamber of the solar still.Single slop solar
still is used from past decades but in this study effect of nano-particles on productivity of solar still is
analyzed. Experimental work is performed for the single slope solar still (SS-SS) under climatic conditions
of Jaipur. The use of the nano-particles mixed with black paint increases the temperature of the solar still
basin. The productivity and efficiency of solar still at water depth 0.01 m with nano-particles are 3.48 litre
and 38.65% respectively which are maximum values compared to water depths 0.02 m and 0.03 m. Results
of the study gives 38.09% increment in productivity and 12.18% increment in thermal efficiency when
nano-particles of size 50 nm to 100 nm mixed black paint used at water depth .01 m. To check the
significance of difference in productivity of solar still with and without nano-particle mixed black paint, a
paired t-Test is performed which is conforms that the productivity enhancement due to nano-particle mixed
black paint is significant at 95% confidence interval.
RO - Water Desalination Unit using parabolic trough collectorAhmad Khaled
Our graduation project from college of engineering at shoubra - benha university
water Desalination unit with the use of concentrating solar thermal system and reverse osmosis method.
2nd CSP Training series : solar desalination (1/2)Leonardo ENERGY
* Solar desalination technologies.
* Multi-Effect Distillation with solar energy
* Double Effect Absorption Heat Pump use in solar MED desalination
* Hybrid solar-gas desalination systems
* Thermal storage to 24 h operation
Experimental Study of A Vacuumed Solar Still SystemIJAPEJOURNAL
This experimental study presents a thermal design of a passive solar water distillation system with vacuum. The designed model consists of a glass cover, basin water equipped with reflecting mirror and insulation, and controlled vacuum pump to create vacuum inside the still to decrease the saturation temperature of water and in order to increase the yield. Feed water in the basin is heated by solar energy, and the evaporated water is condensed by inner glass cover. The temperatures at different locations in the system, the received amount of solar radiation, and the distilled water produced were determined. The highest temperature developed inside the distilling device was 51˚ C at ambient temperature of 24˚ C, the daily water production was 1.2 L/m2.day, and the efficiency of the solar still was 15%.
purification of water using solar stillMohamed Ahmed
Distillation is one of many processes that can be used for water purification. This requires an energy input as heat, electricity and solar radiation can be the source of energy. When Solar energy is used for this purpose, it is known as Solar water Distillation. Solar Distillation is an attractive process to produce portable water using free of cost solar energy. This energy is used directly for evaporating water inside a device usually termed a “Solar Still”. Solar stills are used in cases where rain, piped, or well water is impractical, such as in remote homes or during power outages. Different versions of a still are used to desalinate seawater, in desert survival kits and for home water Purification. For people concerned about the quality of their municipally-supplied drinking water and unhappy with other methods of additional purification available to them, solar distillation of tap water or brackish groundwater can be a pleasant, energy efficient option. Solar Distillation is an attractive alternative because of its simple technology, non-requirement of highly skilled labour for maintenance work and low energy consumption.
The use of solar thermal energy in seawater desalination applications has so far been restricted to small-scale systems in rural areas. The reason for this has mainly been explained by the relatively low productivity rate compared to the high capital cost. However, the coming shortage in fossil fuel supply and the growing need for fresh water in order to support increasing water and irrigation needs, have motivated further development of water desalination and purification by renewable energies.
This power point presentation deals ocean energy conversion technique. This tells how ocean energy convert in to useful energy i.e. in accessible form.
2nd CSP Training series : solar desalination (1/2)Leonardo ENERGY
* Solar desalination technologies.
* Multi-Effect Distillation with solar energy
* Double Effect Absorption Heat Pump use in solar MED desalination
* Hybrid solar-gas desalination systems
* Thermal storage to 24 h operation
Experimental Study of A Vacuumed Solar Still SystemIJAPEJOURNAL
This experimental study presents a thermal design of a passive solar water distillation system with vacuum. The designed model consists of a glass cover, basin water equipped with reflecting mirror and insulation, and controlled vacuum pump to create vacuum inside the still to decrease the saturation temperature of water and in order to increase the yield. Feed water in the basin is heated by solar energy, and the evaporated water is condensed by inner glass cover. The temperatures at different locations in the system, the received amount of solar radiation, and the distilled water produced were determined. The highest temperature developed inside the distilling device was 51˚ C at ambient temperature of 24˚ C, the daily water production was 1.2 L/m2.day, and the efficiency of the solar still was 15%.
purification of water using solar stillMohamed Ahmed
Distillation is one of many processes that can be used for water purification. This requires an energy input as heat, electricity and solar radiation can be the source of energy. When Solar energy is used for this purpose, it is known as Solar water Distillation. Solar Distillation is an attractive process to produce portable water using free of cost solar energy. This energy is used directly for evaporating water inside a device usually termed a “Solar Still”. Solar stills are used in cases where rain, piped, or well water is impractical, such as in remote homes or during power outages. Different versions of a still are used to desalinate seawater, in desert survival kits and for home water Purification. For people concerned about the quality of their municipally-supplied drinking water and unhappy with other methods of additional purification available to them, solar distillation of tap water or brackish groundwater can be a pleasant, energy efficient option. Solar Distillation is an attractive alternative because of its simple technology, non-requirement of highly skilled labour for maintenance work and low energy consumption.
The use of solar thermal energy in seawater desalination applications has so far been restricted to small-scale systems in rural areas. The reason for this has mainly been explained by the relatively low productivity rate compared to the high capital cost. However, the coming shortage in fossil fuel supply and the growing need for fresh water in order to support increasing water and irrigation needs, have motivated further development of water desalination and purification by renewable energies.
This power point presentation deals ocean energy conversion technique. This tells how ocean energy convert in to useful energy i.e. in accessible form.
Time-dependent hydraulic conductivity during secondary consolidation of clayinventionjournals
Secondary consolidation occurs when excess pore pressure has dissipated in saturated compressible clay soils subjected to increased effective stress by the application of external loads. This paper provides time-dependent formulas for the hydraulic conductivity and the porosity during secondary consolidation. The formulas express the hydraulic conductivity and the porosity in terms of the void ratio during secondary consolidation. The intervening functional coefficients are obtainable from 1-D consolidation testing. An example illustrates the application of this paper’s results.
Experimental Investigation of Solar Water Heater Integrated with a Nanocompos...ijtsrd
This present work contributes to the improvement in thermal energy storage capacity of an all glass evacuated tube solar water heater by integrating it with a phase change material PCM and with a nanocomposite phase change material NCPCM .. Paraffin wax as PCM and a nanocomposite of paraffin wax with 1.0 mass GeO2 nanoparticles as NCPCM had been used during the experiments. Three different cases, namely, without PCM, with PCM, and with NCPCM, were considered. The testing procedure involved the observation of total temperature variation in the tank water from 6.00 a.m. to 6.00 a.m. of next morning.OBJECTIVEThe main objective of my project is to increase the performance of solar water heater integrated storage tank with PCM and NCPCM which would serve the varying demands. Shashi Kumar | Prof. Ranjeet Arya "Experimental Investigation of Solar Water Heater Integrated with a Nanocomposite Phase Change Material" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35820.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/35820/experimental-investigation-of-solar-water-heater-integrated-with-a-nanocomposite-phase-change-material/shashi-kumar
Fabrication, Designing & Performance Analysis of Solar Parabolic TroughIJERA Editor
A parabolic trough solar collector uses a parabolic cylinder to reflect and concentrate sun radiations towards a receiver tube located at the focus line of the parabolic cylinder. The receiver absorbs the incoming radiations and transforms them into thermal energy, the latter being transported and collected by a fluid medium circulating within the receiver tube.This method of concentrated solar collection has the advantage of high efficiency and low cost, and can be used either for thermal energy collection, for generating electricity or for both, This paper focused on the fabrication and designing of solar parabolic trough, The designing of trough is depend upon the following parameters : Aperture of the concentrator , Inner diameter of absorber tube, Outer diameter of absorber tube, Inner diameter of glass tube, Outer diameter of glass tube, Length of parabolic trough, Concentration ratio, Collector aperture area, Specular reflectivity of concentrator, Glass cover transitivity for solar radiation, Absorber tube emissivity/emissivity, Intercept factor, Emissivity of absorber tube surface and Emissivity of glass. The performance analysis will be based on the Experimental data collection and calculations with reference to: Thermal performance calculations, Overall loss coefficient and heat correlations. Heat transfer coefficient on the inside surface of the absorber tube and Heat transfer coefficient between the absorber tube and the Cover.
There are many types of solar still, including large scale concentrated solar stills and condensation traps (better known as moisture traps amongst survivalists). In a solar still, impure water is contained outside the collector, where it is evaporated by sunlight shining through clear plastic or glass. The pure water vapor condenses on the cool inside surface and drips down, where it is collected and removed.
Distillation replicates the way nature makes rain. The sun's energy heats water to the point of evaporation. As the water evaporates, water vapor rises, condensing into water again as it cools and can then be collected. This process leaves behind impurities, such as salts and heavy metals, and eliminates microbiological organisms. The end result is pure distilled water.
Improvements in efficiency of solar parabolic troughIOSR Journals
Solar energy is primary source of all type of energy which is present in nature i.e. all the energy
derived from it. So, direct utilization of solar energy into useful energy is important. There are so many solar
thermal equipments in which concentrating type collector heated the fluid up to 100 to 4000C. It is employed for
a variety of applications such as power generation, industrial steam generation and hot water production.
Parabolic trough collector is preferred for steam generation because high temperatures can achieve.
Cylindrical parabolic trough type collector consists of selective concentrator and a receiver tube. The
selective cover system prevents the heat loss (convective and radiative) from the receiver tube and improves the
performance of solar parabolic trough. Also evacuated chamber is created to reduce the loss of heat and reduce
the corrosion of concentrator surface. Tracking system is embedded in the solar parabolic trough for tracking
the sun energy movement.
This report presents the evaluation of solar insolation in terms of monthly average hourly global
radiation in Patna on 10th April, 2013. On the basis of this solar energy flux, comparative study of the
instantaneous efficiency of solar parabolic trough is done. Here four different types of cover system are
mathematically analyzed. (i) Single glass cover on receiver (ii) Double glass cover on receiver (iii) Single glass
cover on aperture (iv)Double glass cover on aperture. This report contains many graphs to illustrate the effect
on instantaneous efficiency on variation of primary parameter. With the help of MATLAB R201a software
mathematical calculation is obtained.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
National Conference on Emerging Science and TechnologyMUNEER KHAN
This paper contain the recent advancements in the Renewable energy production, modelling
and optimization of the renewable energy system. A classification of energy sources is presented in terms of
their sustainability and ease of integration to a energy system. Current modelling methods are further
compared with respect to computational limitations, level of precision as well as the degree of certainty in the
output level. Moreover, the recent studies of Renewable energy systems are classified in accordance with the
optimization objectives, including energy efficiency, cost, exergo-economic/thermo-economic and green-house
gas (GHG) and pollutant production.
Comparative Investigation for Solar Thermal Energy Technologies SystemJameel Tawfiq
The multiple uses of fossil fuels make them depleted in the coming years. Also, the large
amount of pollution produced by the use of this fuel has made the world seriously think of
environmentally familiar alternative sources of energy. Universal energy is vast and diverse energy, with
the ability to cover the individual's energy needs in various fields in the coming years. The focus of this
study was a parabolic dish system. There are different uses solar of parabolic dish applications that can be
limited by two main groups: thermal generation and electric power generation. A thermal generation used
to generate steam, solar cooking, water heating, and water distillation. The briefly objective is to review
and analysis the thermal generation published by taken into considering used parabolic collector system.
Also, evaluate solar dish operators in differences covering like, the composition of concentrators, the
material of reflector, receiver design, parabolic dish diameter, rim angle, and focal length. These
characteristics drive to entire structure possible for a parabolic dish. Finally, this article may be useful for
the new research worker to consider the requirement for Thermal solar generation integrated with a
parabolic dish.
Similar to Thermal Performance Evaluation of Wax Type Solar Distillation System (20)
Axial Capacity Enhancement of CFRP Confined Columns Made of Steel Fiber Reinf...IOSRJMCE
Results of the experimental study on the axial compressive behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) wrapped with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) have been presented in this paper. A total of 18 concrete cylinders were tested under axial compression. The effects of steel fiber parameters were investigated which includes fiber aspect ratio (AR) and fiber volume fraction (VF). The concrete cylinders were divided into groups of confined and unconfined ones. In accordance with previous study, it was found that, FRP confined cylinders showed greater axial stress than that of unconfined specimens. Although the presence of steel fiber increases the peak axial stresses for both confined and unconfined group of specimens, but no significant change of peak axial stress (and peak strain) has been observed in both confined and unconfined group due to increase of fiber volume ratio. But with the increase of fiber aspect ratio, the peak axial stresses of both unconfined and FRPconfined cylinders were found to slightly decrease. It was also observed that, concrete specimens reinforced with internal steel fiber absorbed much higher energy than that of unreinforced ones.
Smart Response Surface Models using Legacy Data for Multidisciplinary Optimiz...IOSRJMCE
One of the key challenges in multidisciplinary design is integration of design and analysis methods of various systems in design framework. To achieve Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) goals of aircraft systems, high fidelity analysis are required from multiple disciplines like aerodynamics, structures or performance. High Fidelity Analysis like Computer-Aided Design and Engineering (CAD/CAE) techniques, complex computer models and computation-intensive analyses/simulations are often used to accurately study the system behaviour towards design optimization. Due to high computational cost and numerical noise associated with these analyses, they cannot be used effectively. The use of surrogates or Response Surface Models (RSM) is one approach in Multi Disciplinary design optimization to avoid the computation barrier and to take care of artificial minima due to numerical noise. This paper brings out a method based on use of “Smart Response Surface Models" to generate surrogate models, with its validated subspace, in the design space around the point of interest with the use of legacy data for MDO. The method has been evaluated on three test cases, which are created based on High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Test Suite
Experimental and Numerical Modal Analysis of a Compressor Mounting BracketIOSRJMCE
Experimental modal analysis has grown steadily in popularity since the advent of the digital FFT spectrum analyzer in the early 1970’s. Today, impact testing (or bump testing) has become widespread as a fast and economical means of finding the modes of vibration of a machine or structure. In this paper, it presents the experimental and numerical modal analysis of a compressor mounting bracket (CMB). The dynamic behavior of CMB is investigated through impact testing. The three-dimensional finite element models are constructed using Altair HyperMesh and an numerical modal analysis is then performed to generate natural frequencies and mode shapes in the three-orthogonal directions. The finite element model agrees well with the experimental tests and eventually it helps the designer to design upfront with much lesser cost and time of experimentation
Analysis and Design Aspects of Support Measures of Main Caverns of Karuma Hyd...IOSRJMCE
The Power house complex of Karuma Hydropower project comprises three main caverns i.e Power house, Transformer Hall and Tailrace surge gallery set at a depth of about 80m in mainly granitic gneiss rock medium. The cavern has been oriented in a N141° direction based on engineering considerations. The principle stress direction is also found nearly parallel to the axis of the caverns and thus the present orientation satisfies both engineering and geotechnical criteria. The support by way of rock anchors and SFRS/ Plain shotcrete has been provided based on analysis using phase 2 software. The underground caverns lie in low geostress field and therefore numerical simulation of excavation of these caverns were done to understand the rock mass behavior during excavation and thus help in design of excavation sequence and rock support. The excavation of all three caverns has since been completed and concrete works are in progress. This paper sums up the 3D simulation analysis of the rock medium and the proposed rock support system for the three caverns.
A Review: Effect of Laser Peening Treatment on Properties And Life Cycle of D...IOSRJMCE
- In this review, the effect of laser peening process with and without protective coating is discussed over the different material and it is observed that the residual stress are induced in material surface up to some depth according to process parameters of LSP. Fatigue strength and micro-hardness of material are enhance by inducing residual stresses which further depends on process parameters and material properties.
Experimental Evaluation of Refrigerant Mixtures as Substitutes for HFC134aIOSRJMCE
Refrigerant R134a base systems has higher GWP value that's why the conversion of same into ecofriendly system is the major concern for refrigeration industry. This investigation focuses on mixture ratio of pure hydrocarbon R290 and R600a used in 200 liter domestic refrigeration system by certain changes in mass ratio of refrigerants. In the present work, first of all the effect of mass ratio of HCM refrigerants on the performance of the system was investigated. HCM of R600a/R290 (60/40 by wt. %) gave better performance than that of HCM R600a/R290 (70/30 by wt. %), R600a/R290 (50/50 by wt. %) and R134a. The mass ratio of HCM (R600a/ R290) refrigerants was optimized for the performance parameter with respect to evaporating temperature. The COP of R600a/R290 (60/40 by wt. %) mixture was higher than that of R600a/R290 (50/50 by wt. %) by 21.9% and 17.6% at -5 0C and 5 0C evaporative temperature respectively. COP decreased as propane mass fraction in HCM increased above 40%.
Simulation and Analysis of Electrolyte Flow Pattern in ECM for L-Shaped Tool ...IOSRJMCE
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a non-traditional machining method based on principle of reverse electroplating (anode loses metal to cathode). ECM uses principal of electrolysis to remove metal from the work piece. Due to improper tool design of complicated shapes, there are chances of passivation and boiling of electrolyte in ECM process that causes poor machining. In this present study three dimensional flow pattern of ECM process has been simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in L-shaped tool models. This work is for optimizing the design of L-shaped tool and to study the flow pattern, current density distribution, velocity profile, temperature pattern, turbulence and final shape change of workpiece top surface. ANSYS was used for design and simulating this CFD problem, the geometrical model consists of a circular workpiece made with Iron, 20% brine solution (NaCl) as electrolyte and L-shaped copper tool with different kind of grooves.
Study on Transverse Displacement in Composite Laminated Plates across Thickne...IOSRJMCE
: In this paper main focus is given on alternative ways of thermal load applied through the thickness of laminated composite plate. Research has assumed gradient or constant thermal profile along the thickness of the plate. Laminated composite is a complex material therefore assumed loading profiles may not obey the gradient or constant thermal profile path therefore, as a research in all total 10 thermal profiles are studied. The results in tabular and graphical forms are presented along with discussion. First Order Shear Deformation Theory (FOST) is used for analysis. Various quantities, namely in plane as well as transverse displacements and stresses are obtained when thermal load is applied in various orientations along the thickness of the plate. Main focus in this article is analysis of transverse shear displacement and results are presented in tabular and graphical form.
Study of Forced Convection Heat Transfer with Single phase and mixture phase ...IOSRJMCE
In this study, forced convection heat transfer of nanoliquids is done using both single-phase and mixture-phase models and the results are compared with experimental results. The governing equations of the study here are discretized using the finite volume method. Hybrid differencing scheme is used to calculate the face values of the control volumes. A code is written using SIMPLER algorithm and then solved using the MATLAB engine. The mixture-phase model studied here, considers two slip mechanisms between nanoparticle and base-fluid, namely Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis. Al2O3-water nanofluid is used for the study of nanofluid and the study shows significant increase in convective heat transfer coefficient while the mixturephase model demonstrates slightly lower values than the single-phase model. The study is done with various nanoparticle concentrations and Reynolds numbers. With increasing particle concentration and Reynolds number, the convective heat transfer coefficient increases and as well as the shear stress. For low concentrations of the nanoparticle, Nusselt number is slightly lower than the base fluid and as the concentration increases, the Nusselt number also rises higher than the base fluid
Eigenvalue Buckling Computation and Impact on Pipeline Wall Thickness and Sub...IOSRJMCE
Submarine pipelines used in the transportation of hydrocarbon in the oil and gas industry are usually subjected to external hydrostatic pressure and compressive stresses resulting in susceptibility to buckling and loss of structural stability. The objective of the present work was to examine influence of wall thickness on eigenvalue buckling load and hydrostatic pressure on ocean depth. Linear buckling analysis was conducted employing finite element method using ANSYS software package and the simulation was conducted varying wall thickness and ocean depth. The investigation showed collapse buckling pressure decreased linearly with ocean water depth but increased with thickness increment. Pipeline buckling failure can be minimized with wall thickness optimization design and selection.
Mechanical Analysis of an Ixtle Based Cable for Its Use in ArchitectureIOSRJMCE
Thegrowing conscience for sustainability has driven humanity to attempt to go back to basic and natural materials, such as the use of earth, and the incorporation of biopolymers and fibers, producing, among other things, a diverse kind of structural elements applied to architecture. Natural fibers can be a good alternative given its abundance and the great number of possibilities in regard to its use.The lechuguilla agave Torrey is a plant, belonging to the Agavaceaefamily, that can be found in several zones of Mexico, and from it, the fiber known as ixtle, generally used in the elaboration of crafted structures, can be obtained.The present paper has studied the stress resistance of the ixtle fibers, of this specie and its qualitative effect when dosed in an earth mixture to be used as mortar for wall coating. The study consisted in stress testing the fibers separately and entwined for its possible use. In the case of the mortar, different samples of clay soils were taken, stabilized and dosed with and without the fiber, observing the effect when used to cover a block surface and determining the material’s resistance to compression. It has been found that it is possible to add fibers in mixtures and obtain a greater adherence in the block’s surface, besides, it can be added to clay samples for revoke obtaining resistances of 18kg/cm2. Finally it was obtained that by weaving the fibers, the stress resistance can be enhanced by over 600%.
Application of Artificial Neural Networking for Determining the Plane of Vibr...IOSRJMCE
In this paper a new approach for Artificial Neural Networking using Feed Forward Back Propagation Method and Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation training function has been developed using Java Programming, where by directly feeding the RMS and Phase values of vibration, the unbalance plane can be detected with minimum error. In a Machine Fault Simulator RMS value and phase values of vibrations are collected from the four accelerometers placed in X and Y direction of Left and Right Bearings .Further these data are fed into the neural network for training purpose. In the testing phase of the neural network, the plane of vibration has been determined using different training algorithms available in MATLAB. Their prediction values have been compared with the actual value, errors for different training algorithms are calculated and a conclusion has been drawn for the best training function available for this current research work.
Effect of Stiffening System on Building Resistance to Earthquake ForcesIOSRJMCE
Multi-story steel buildings of various heights under the action of earthquake force are analyzed by using time-history analysis technique. The ground motion records of El Centro, California in 1940 are considered in this study. Different types of stiffening systems (bracing and shear walls) are used for the considered buildings. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the response of steel structures subjected to earthquake excitation and to investigate the effect of various stiffening systems in improving the response of these buildings. The finite element method of SAP 2000 V17program is used in the analysis. A static analysis is conducted to obtain an indication on the stiffness of the studied stiffening models in order to interpret the stiffness effect on the response of the structures under the seismic load. It is found that, the natural period of a structure is highly affected by the height of the structure and the used stiffeningsystem. It is inversely proportional with the stiffness and directly proportional with the height of the structure. It is concluded that the roof displacement andits maximum value at a specific momentdoes not give a clear indication for the behavior of building. Therefore the full time response of the building must be considered. Also it has been concluded that it is not necessarily when the stiffness of a building increases, the roof or any story displacement of the building decreases under earthquake load.
Resource Optimization of Construction Project Using Primavera P6IOSRJMCE
Construction projects are unique in nature, having their own difficulties, uncertainties and risks, posing never-ending questions concerning the resources and costs. There is always a conflict between ‘how much it will cost?’ and ‘where to raise the finances from?’. The success of a project depends upon the efficiency with which the project management gets the work done by utilizing the planned resources of men, materials, machinery, money and time.. In large scale projects, preparing an accurate and workable plan is very difficult. Resources are required to carry out specific tasks in a project, but the availability of resources within a given firm is always limited. While preparing the schedule structure, the Project Manager might schedule certain tasks in parallel. In such cases it might be possible that the same resource is being used in both the parallel tasks, while its availability is limited. This paper emphasises how the Project Manager could resolve such conflicts by using Resource Balancing in modern softwares such as Primavera (P6) R8.3, to reduce laborious computations. In this paper, the Resource Balancing techniques namely smoothing & leveling have been investigated in detail. This paper uses a case study in order to portray how Resource Balancing could be done using Primavera p6 and its effects are on the duration and cost of the entire project.
Optimization of Electrical Discharge Machining Process Parameters using SCM42...IOSRJMCE
Electrical discharge machining is a nonconventional machining process which enables machining of complex and intricate shapes, hard materials that are precise and difficult to machine such as heat treated tool steels, composites, super alloys, ceramics, carbides, heat resistant steels etc. The process involves spark erosion in the presence of dielectric fluid. In this work SCM 420low alloy steel is the material used for the machining purpose with electrolyte copper as tool. This work investigates effect of process parameters peak current (IP), Pulse on time (Ton) and gap voltage (Vg) on Material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra). Response surface methodology is used for experimental design. The suggested model can be used in the different manufacturing firms by selecting right combination of process parameters to achieve optimal values of output responses.
Efficient Mass Participation Ratio of Building with BasementIOSRJMCE
This study investigates the effect of basement floor(s) on seismic analysis of buildings. Considering the basement floor(s) in the seismic analysis using response spectrum method creates a problem regarding the mass participation ratio (MPR) which should not be less than 90% of total mass of building as a requirement by the code. While the MPR depending on the number of mode shapes used in the modal analysis, some codes allow to neglect this ratio with condition that use a reduced number of mode shapes with some restrictions to calculate it. A parametric study was performed to investigate this reduced number of mode shapes and a new restriction was performed to calculate it. The natural period, the top lateral displacement and the internal straining actions using the reduced numbers of mode shapes were compared with those of building where using the number of mode shape which can reach 90% MPR. Finite element simulations are conducted using ANSYS program to investigate the effect of basement floor(s). Results are presented for different buildings by considering different numbers of floors for the super structure (2, 5, 10, 15 and 20), the number of basements (1 and 3) and spring support stiffness, which simulate the effect of soil. The numerical results of the considered cases show that the requirement of 90% MPR can be neglect by using a reduced number of mode shapes and some restrictions stated in this study. In such case the accuracy will be not less than 95%.
Literature Review of Experimental Study on Load Bearing Masonry WallIOSRJMCE
Masonry load bearing wall subjected to vertical concentric and eccentric loading may collapse through instability. In this Paper the buckling behavior of masonry load bearing wall of different slenderness ratio were investigated by many researcher has been reviewed via testing a series of scale masonry wall subjected to concentric and eccentric vertical loading. The influence of nonlinear behavior of interface element, slenderness ratio and various end conditions have been investigated together with the effect of different end eccentricity of vertical load.
Structural Design of Concrete Structure Using E-TabsIOSRJMCE
In the world of technology and evolution, the field of civil engineering has also grown in various dimensions. Earlier the analysis and sustainability of the civil structures used to be paper based calculations which led to insufficient accuracy of analysis and variable factors affecting the failure of the structure through inevitable instances. But with the help of integration of various engineering fields, this determination of various characteristic changes, durability, deformation or failure caused due to hidden factors which are left out in the manual calculations i.e. paper based have converted and led this system to whole new level. Now a number of software are developed for analysis, computation and management of building of civil structures which are highly precise. This document provides the various uses, merits of the software E-Tabs in the construction field and in the analysis of the concrete structures as well as steel structures.
Finite Element Analysis of Opening Plate, Fixed Tube Sheet and Floating Sheet...IOSRJMCE
)A heat exchanger is a device that is used to transfer thermal energy (enthalpy) between two or more fluids, between a solid surface and a fluid, or between solid particulates and a fluid, at different temperatures and in thermal contact. Opening Plate, Fixed Tube Sheet and Floating Tube Sheet is a part of Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger, used in refinery and oil & gas production. Typically, shell & tube heat exchanger can be considered as a pressure vessel subjected to uniform internal pressure. Hence the shell & tube heat exchanger in various design and operating conditions needs to be checked and verified for soundness of participating components. Opening, Fixed tube and Floating sheet plate due to uniform internal pressure in the shell & tube heat exchanger can produce high-localized stress and deformation. If the components are not designed for these conditions, safety of the equipment is at stake. Hence check for the stress and displacement of the shell & tube heat exchanger during operating condition is carried out using finite element analysis software and observed that shell & tube heat exchanger is free from collapse and serviceability failure.
Influence of Combine Vertical Irregularities in the Response of Earthquake Re...IOSRJMCE
This study investigates the effect of frame set-back with vertical irregularity in height on accuracy of Pushover Analysis for predicting target displacement, story drifts, base shear and performance point. The behavior of high rise building during strong earthquake motion depends on the distribution of mass, stiffness and strength in both horizontal and vertical planes of the buildings. The Indian IS code 1893:2002(Part 1) has pointed out of different structures irregularities like plan irregularity and vertical irregularity. In this study the seismic performance of G+ 16 storey having combine effect of vertical irregularity with R.C building are examined using Non Linear Static Analysis (Pushover Analysis). The Base shear, lateral displacement, storey drift and performance points are the response parameters use to quantify the performance of the structure. These irregularities are responsible for structural collapse of buildings under the action of dynamic loads. Five different types of building geometry are taken one regular and four irregular frames. The all buildings are modeled and analyzed in software SAP 2000. It was found that irregularity in elevation of the building reduce the performance level of structure.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Thermal Performance Evaluation of Wax Type Solar Distillation System
1. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 14, Issue 1 Ver. I (Jan. - Feb. 2017), PP 16-22
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1401011622 www.iosrjournals.org 16 | Page
Thermal Performance Evaluation of Wax Type Solar
Distillation System
Anupam Alok Chaturvedi1
, Shweta Ashish Karnik2
Dr. Sadanand Namjoshi3
1
(Mechanical, Vadodara Institute of Technology, India)
2
(Mechanical, K.J. Institute of Technology, India)
3
(Mechanical, K.J. Institute of Technology, India)
Abstract : The alternative energy sources are new option in front of world to overcome energy crisis and
pollution related issues. The solar energy, wind energy and bio mass are three major sources and out of these
three energy sources solar energy is the easiest source to extract useful energy because the wind energy can be
useful particularly in coastal area where there is high wind velocity and energy extraction bio mass needs either
chemical conversion or thermo chemical conversion process. The objective of present work is to developed
solar distillation system consists of wax as phase change material to improve the thermal performance.
Keywords: Alternative energy sources, solar energy, solar distillation
I. Introduction
The current industrial growth and environmental impacts show that solar energy for solar thermal
power plants is the most promising of the unconventional energy sources. The most common commercially
available solar power plants use parabolic trough concentrators. Solar energy is an exhaustible source of energy
potentially capable of meeting a significant portion of all nations Future energy needs with a minimum of
adverse environmental consequences. The current industrial growth and environmental impacts shows that solar
energy for solar thermal plant is the most promising of unconventional energy source. The solar energy option
has been identified as one of the promising alternative source for future. Solar thermal utilization is of great
importance for environmental protection and conventional energy saving. In the next few years it is expected
that millions of households in the world will be using solar energy as the trends in USA and Japan show. This
energy is used for: Cooking/Heating, Drying/Timber seasoning, Distillation, Electricity/Power generation,
Cooling, Refrigeration. Some of the gadgets and other devices: Solar cooker, Flat plate solar cookers,
Concentrating collectors, Solar hot water systems (Domestic and Industrial), Solar pond, Solar hot air systems,
Solar Dryers, Solar timber kilns, solar stills, Solar photovoltaic systems, Solar pond, Concentrating collectors,
Power Tower, Air conditioning, Solar collectors, coupled to absorption, Refrigeration systems.
II. Solar Distillation
Distilled water is water that has many of its impurities removed through distillation. Distillation
involves boiling the water and then condensing the steam into a clean container. There are multiple types of
distillation, but all of them depend on separating components of a mixture based on their different boiling
points. In a nutshell, water is heated to its boiling point. Chemicals that boil off at a lower temperature are
collected and discarded; substances that remain in a container after the water evaporates also are discarded. The
water that is collected thus has a higher purity than the initial liquid.
Solar distillation is the process in which the sun evaporates the water from lakes, rivers, oceans and
other surface waters leaving salts and other minerals behind. This evaporated water eventually reaches the upper
atmosphere where it recondenses as clouds and precipitates back to the land. This is the basic principle behind
the use of solar energy for distillation the solar distillation method is fairly simple and is pretty much self-
operating. Saline water is supplied either continuously or intermittently to a pool ranging in depths of
approximately 1 inch to 1 foot. The bottom of the pool has a black surface which absorbs solar energy. The
discards salts exit through a drain. A transparent cover composed of glass sheets or plastic film is supported
above. These are arranged so that the surfaces slope downward into small troughs at their lower edges.
MiqdamT.Chaichan et. al [1] developed paper investigates usage of thermal energy storage extracted from
concentrating solar heater for water distillation. M. Umamaheswaran et. al [2] focused on details the
construction, testing and analysis of parabolic trough collector/reflector configuration for small scale domestic
purpose water distillation application. Alpesh Mehta et. al [3] performed experiment on solar distillation
system. The designed model produces 1.5 litres of pure water from 14 litres of dirty water during six hours.
Sunil Jayant Kulkarni et. al [4] present review summarizes the research carried out on solar distillation.
Various investigators have investigated the solar distillation with various storage or phase change materials,
using different dyes and various numbers of effects to improve the effectiveness and efficiency. Tadahmun
2. Thermal Performance Evaluation of Wax Type Solar Distillation System
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1401011622 www.iosrjournals.org 17 | Page
Ahmed Yassen et. al [5] studied experimental and theoretical study has been conducted to determine the
thermal efficiency of a parabolic trough solar collector. The solar collector which consists of a parabolic section,
the reflector and absorber tube, is installed in the focus line of the surface reflector. KHALID GUISSI et. al [6]
developed a new design of a greenhouse solar distiller with parabolic trough in order to increase the
performance of the distiller and subsequently obtaining a important distillate flow. Jamil Al Asfara et. al
[7]studied a six meter long parabolic trough collector was designed, constructed and tested to assess its
performance. The result of this work proves the efficiency and potential of such green energy sources for both
local society and decision-makers. M.Gowtham et. al [8] focused desalination which is done by concentrating
solar thermal energy through a parabolic trough concentrator. Studies were made improving the evaporation rate
of the system. The parabolic concentrator solar distiller with latent heat storage material and energy storing
materials are studied.
III. Experimental Set Up
Fig 1 Proposed Experimental Model
Experimental Detail
The parabolic trough based on equation y= fx2
where f = focal length. First of all assuming the value of
focal length f in case of both set up and then an by variing x, y can be obtained. After finalisation of dimension
the copper pie of 1” diameter placed at focal pint and curvature of parabola having mirror pieces stick on the
surface. Due solar radiation focusing on the copper pie when water wll eneters in the pipe at low flow rate it get
converted into steam and that steam will be condensed at later stage to obtain pure water. The wax will be filled
in mild steel tube.
List of Compoents
Parabolic Trough
K type thermocouples with indicators
Mirror pieces
1” copper Tube
Condensation Unit
3. Thermal Performance Evaluation of Wax Type Solar Distillation System
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1401011622 www.iosrjournals.org 18 | Page
IV. Constructional Detail of Experimental Set Up
Fig 2 Actual Experimental Model
Fig 3 Location of Focal Point
4. Thermal Performance Evaluation of Wax Type Solar Distillation System
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1401011622 www.iosrjournals.org 19 | Page
Fig 4 Distilled Water
Fig 5 Dirty Water (Water with impurities)
5. Thermal Performance Evaluation of Wax Type Solar Distillation System
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1401011622 www.iosrjournals.org 20 | Page
Fig 6 Mirror Pieces 1” X 1”
Fig 7 Copper Tube with Wax Box
Fig 8 Filling of Wax in the Wax Box
6. Thermal Performance Evaluation of Wax Type Solar Distillation System
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1401011622 www.iosrjournals.org 21 | Page
Fig 9 Setting of Wax box at Focal Point
V. Result And Discussion
After performing the experiments on present set up following observations have been obtained.
Table 1 Observation Table
With Wax
Time
Temperature at Focal
Point
Temperature of Water in
Flask
0 36 36
3 87 44
6 98 51
9 112 54
12 135 58
15 150 62
Fig 10 Temperature Variation with respect to time
From the observation table it is clear that due to melting of wax in a later stage heat is released which
leads to increase the temperature of water in the flask. At the focal point the temperature is more than the boiling
point of water and so when water reaches at the focal point get immediately evaporated into steam and due to
density difference the impurities which are present in the water drain back in the water tank. The K type
thermocouples are used to measure the temperature of water and at focal point. The wax is used because as and
when the focal point will change its location the latent heat of wax can be utilized to heat the water.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0 5 10 15 20
Temp at focal
Temp in water in
flask
7. Thermal Performance Evaluation of Wax Type Solar Distillation System
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1401011622 www.iosrjournals.org 22 | Page
VI. Conclusion
From the present work is clear that the thermal performance of distillation system can be improved by
adding more wax but initially it reduces the temperature of water which may leads to collection of water with
some impurities.
References
[1]. Miqdam T.Chaichan , HusseinA.Kazem, Water solar distiller productivity enhancement using concentrating solar water heater and
phase change material (PCM), Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 5(2015)151–159
[2]. M. Umamaheswaran, Solar Based Distillation System For Domestic Application, Ninth International Water Technology
Conference, IWTC9 2005, Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt
[3]. Alpesh Mehta, Arjun Vyas, Nitin Bodar, Dharmesh Lathiya, Design of Solar Distillation System, International Journal of
Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, April 2011
[4]. Sunil Jayant Kulkarni, Solar Distillation: A Review, International Journal of Research (IJR) Vol-1, Issue-11 December 2014
[5]. Tadahmun Ahmed Yassen, Experimental and Theoretical Study of a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector, Anbar Journal for
Engineering Sciences 2012
[6]. Khalid Guissi, Abdelmoumen Tabyaoui1, Mohamed Harmouchi, Azeddine Mouhsen, El Mostafa Oualim, Abdellah Boulal, new
design of a greenhouse solar distiller coupled with parabolic trough and the energy balance of this system, journal of science and
arts year 15, no. 2(31), pp. 181-190, 2015
[7]. Jamil Al Asfar, Osama Ayadi and Ahmed Al Salaymeh, Jamil Al Asfar, Osama Ayadi and Ahmed Al Salaymeh, Design and
Performance Assessment of a Parabolic Trough Collector, Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Volume 8
Number 1, February. 2014, 1- 5
[8]. M.Gowtham, M.Sharath Chander, K.V.Sri Saila Mallikarujanan, and N.Karthikeyan, Concentrated Parabolic Solar Distiller with
latent heat storage capacity, International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, Vol. 2 , No. 3 , June 2011
![IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 14, Issue 1 Ver. I (Jan. - Feb. 2017), PP 16-22
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1401011622 www.iosrjournals.org 16 | Page
Thermal Performance Evaluation of Wax Type Solar
Distillation System
Anupam Alok Chaturvedi1
, Shweta Ashish Karnik2
Dr. Sadanand Namjoshi3
1
(Mechanical, Vadodara Institute of Technology, India)
2
(Mechanical, K.J. Institute of Technology, India)
3
(Mechanical, K.J. Institute of Technology, India)
Abstract : The alternative energy sources are new option in front of world to overcome energy crisis and
pollution related issues. The solar energy, wind energy and bio mass are three major sources and out of these
three energy sources solar energy is the easiest source to extract useful energy because the wind energy can be
useful particularly in coastal area where there is high wind velocity and energy extraction bio mass needs either
chemical conversion or thermo chemical conversion process. The objective of present work is to developed
solar distillation system consists of wax as phase change material to improve the thermal performance.
Keywords: Alternative energy sources, solar energy, solar distillation
I. Introduction
The current industrial growth and environmental impacts show that solar energy for solar thermal
power plants is the most promising of the unconventional energy sources. The most common commercially
available solar power plants use parabolic trough concentrators. Solar energy is an exhaustible source of energy
potentially capable of meeting a significant portion of all nations Future energy needs with a minimum of
adverse environmental consequences. The current industrial growth and environmental impacts shows that solar
energy for solar thermal plant is the most promising of unconventional energy source. The solar energy option
has been identified as one of the promising alternative source for future. Solar thermal utilization is of great
importance for environmental protection and conventional energy saving. In the next few years it is expected
that millions of households in the world will be using solar energy as the trends in USA and Japan show. This
energy is used for: Cooking/Heating, Drying/Timber seasoning, Distillation, Electricity/Power generation,
Cooling, Refrigeration. Some of the gadgets and other devices: Solar cooker, Flat plate solar cookers,
Concentrating collectors, Solar hot water systems (Domestic and Industrial), Solar pond, Solar hot air systems,
Solar Dryers, Solar timber kilns, solar stills, Solar photovoltaic systems, Solar pond, Concentrating collectors,
Power Tower, Air conditioning, Solar collectors, coupled to absorption, Refrigeration systems.
II. Solar Distillation
Distilled water is water that has many of its impurities removed through distillation. Distillation
involves boiling the water and then condensing the steam into a clean container. There are multiple types of
distillation, but all of them depend on separating components of a mixture based on their different boiling
points. In a nutshell, water is heated to its boiling point. Chemicals that boil off at a lower temperature are
collected and discarded; substances that remain in a container after the water evaporates also are discarded. The
water that is collected thus has a higher purity than the initial liquid.
Solar distillation is the process in which the sun evaporates the water from lakes, rivers, oceans and
other surface waters leaving salts and other minerals behind. This evaporated water eventually reaches the upper
atmosphere where it recondenses as clouds and precipitates back to the land. This is the basic principle behind
the use of solar energy for distillation the solar distillation method is fairly simple and is pretty much self-
operating. Saline water is supplied either continuously or intermittently to a pool ranging in depths of
approximately 1 inch to 1 foot. The bottom of the pool has a black surface which absorbs solar energy. The
discards salts exit through a drain. A transparent cover composed of glass sheets or plastic film is supported
above. These are arranged so that the surfaces slope downward into small troughs at their lower edges.
MiqdamT.Chaichan et. al [1] developed paper investigates usage of thermal energy storage extracted from
concentrating solar heater for water distillation. M. Umamaheswaran et. al [2] focused on details the
construction, testing and analysis of parabolic trough collector/reflector configuration for small scale domestic
purpose water distillation application. Alpesh Mehta et. al [3] performed experiment on solar distillation
system. The designed model produces 1.5 litres of pure water from 14 litres of dirty water during six hours.
Sunil Jayant Kulkarni et. al [4] present review summarizes the research carried out on solar distillation.
Various investigators have investigated the solar distillation with various storage or phase change materials,
using different dyes and various numbers of effects to improve the effectiveness and efficiency. Tadahmun](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/c1401011622-170703113049/85/Thermal-Performance-Evaluation-of-Wax-Type-Solar-Distillation-System-1-320.jpg)
![Thermal Performance Evaluation of Wax Type Solar Distillation System
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1401011622 www.iosrjournals.org 17 | Page
Ahmed Yassen et. al [5] studied experimental and theoretical study has been conducted to determine the
thermal efficiency of a parabolic trough solar collector. The solar collector which consists of a parabolic section,
the reflector and absorber tube, is installed in the focus line of the surface reflector. KHALID GUISSI et. al [6]
developed a new design of a greenhouse solar distiller with parabolic trough in order to increase the
performance of the distiller and subsequently obtaining a important distillate flow. Jamil Al Asfara et. al
[7]studied a six meter long parabolic trough collector was designed, constructed and tested to assess its
performance. The result of this work proves the efficiency and potential of such green energy sources for both
local society and decision-makers. M.Gowtham et. al [8] focused desalination which is done by concentrating
solar thermal energy through a parabolic trough concentrator. Studies were made improving the evaporation rate
of the system. The parabolic concentrator solar distiller with latent heat storage material and energy storing
materials are studied.
III. Experimental Set Up
Fig 1 Proposed Experimental Model
Experimental Detail
The parabolic trough based on equation y= fx2
where f = focal length. First of all assuming the value of
focal length f in case of both set up and then an by variing x, y can be obtained. After finalisation of dimension
the copper pie of 1” diameter placed at focal pint and curvature of parabola having mirror pieces stick on the
surface. Due solar radiation focusing on the copper pie when water wll eneters in the pipe at low flow rate it get
converted into steam and that steam will be condensed at later stage to obtain pure water. The wax will be filled
in mild steel tube.
List of Compoents
Parabolic Trough
K type thermocouples with indicators
Mirror pieces
1” copper Tube
Condensation Unit](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)