The document discusses Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) as a viable and significant energy source, highlighting its potential to meet global energy needs without an energy crisis. It outlines two types of OTEC plants (open cycle and closed cycle) and their operating principles, along with historical context and proposed plant sites in North America. The text emphasizes the ecological advantages of OTEC compared to existing energy systems and mentions ongoing research and development in this field.

1. OTEC Emergency Letter From Bryn Beorse and Cal Herrmann (originally written in late ‘70s) Slides created April 22, 2007

2. Ocean Energy Many new energy sources available Cheaper, faster to build and ecologically far superior to systems now in use Ocean Waves Ocean Tides Ocean Currents Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

3. OTEC: Temperature Difference Sun-heated surface water and deeper colder currents creates power This is a well-developed power source This power source alone could produce all the power the world will ever need We have no “energy crisis” whatever, just an ignorance - or a laziness - crisis

4. Two Types of OTEC Plant OPEN CYCLE - Can also desalinate water CLOSED CYCLE

5. Open Cycle Surface water is brought to a boil by removing air from the boiler and thus lowering the pressure. There is no heating. The steam runs a turbine running a generator. The steam is condensed in a condenser into which cold water is pumped from deeper layers. The condensed water can be tapped as fresh water.

6. Closed Cycle The warm surface water heats a working fluid — ammonia or another refrigerant. The refrigerant boils and this vapor runs the turbine, after which it is condensed by cold water pumped from below. There is no heating. The turbine runs a generator to produce electric power.

7. Plant Types The two types will be suitable for different conditions and requirements. Both open and closed plants may be built on shore. Both types can be built as ships, either anchored or free-moving in the ocean. These may move to where maximum thermal difference may be found.

8. North American Plant Sites The Gulf of Mexico The coast line around Florida The Pacific along the Mexican shores All provide sites for Ocean Thermal Plants.

9. Other Plant Types Newer, not yet fully researched types Foam Mist Hybrid cycle plants

10. OTEC History Ocean thermal plants were first discussed by French, Italian and US engineers and scientists in 1881. In the Twenties, the French engineer George Claude built three plants in Paris, Ougre in Belgium (producing 60 Kilowatts) and in Cuba, producing 22 Kilowatts for 11 days.

11. OTEC History In 1942, the French government began research of systems and components; designed and partly built a plant in West Africa producing 7500 Kilowatts plus fresh water. In the late Forties, an American engineer studied the French work and caused the National Bureau of Standards and later the University of California at Berkeley to build and test plants.

12. OTEC The oil crisis in the 1970’s caused seven major US universities and five large firms to join in this work. Ocean “fuel” is free: The ocean itself.

13. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion is Benign Solar Power from the Sea Text taken from the Archives of Shamcher Bryn Beorse http://www.shamcher.org http://shamcher.wordpress.com