There are many types of solar still, including large scale concentrated solar stills and condensation traps (better known as moisture traps amongst survivalists). In a solar still, impure water is contained outside the collector, where it is evaporated by sunlight shining through clear plastic or glass. The pure water vapor condenses on the cool inside surface and drips down, where it is collected and removed. Distillation replicates the way nature makes rain. The sun's energy heats water to the point of evaporation. As the water evaporates, water vapor rises, condensing into water again as it cools and can then be collected. This process leaves behind impurities, such as salts and heavy metals, and eliminates microbiological organisms. The end result is pure distilled water.

1. Experimental Study of Solar still
Submitted to: Submitted by:
Dr. Vivek Sachan Priyam Kumar
(Asst. Professor) Vijay Shankar
AITM Kanpur Shyam Ji Verma
Harshit Sharma
Sandeep Kumar
Sandeep Gond
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Axis Institute of Technology & Management, Kanpur

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Review of Literature
 Materials and Methods
 Results and Discussion
 Conclusion
 References

3. Introduction
A solar still distills water, using the heat of the Sun
to evaporate, cool then collect the water. In a solar
still, impure water is contained out side the
collector, where it is evaporated by sunlight
shining through translation glass. The pure water
vapour condensates and cools the inside surface,
and drips down where it is collected and removed.

4. Solar Still Energy
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the
Sun that is harnessed using a range of every
solving technologies such as solar heating,
photovoltaic, solar thermal energy.

5. OBJECTIVES
1. To design and fabricate solar still.
2. To study the effect of water depth on
the performance of solar still.

6. Working principle of Solar still
The basic principle behind solar distillation simple and replicates
the natural process of water

7. Working of a solar still
A solar still is a very simple way for distilling
water, which is powered by the heat of the sun.
Impure water is inserted into the container,
where it is evaporated by the sun through clear
glass. The pure water evaporated condenses on
top and drips down to side, where it is collected
and removed.

8. Working step
1.Basic elements in a solar still.
2.Incoming solar radiation (energy).
3 Evaporation of water
4.Condensation of water vapour.
5.Water production from saline water.
6.Collection of fresh water.

9. Experimental process

10. Investigation Solar Still

11. Simple model View

12. Material and Method
 Materials selection. In this work, primary
considerations were focused on ultimate cost of
delivered energy in the design and fabrication of
the solar stills.
 Galvanized iron sheet (G-I) Sheet
 Glass cover.
 Silicone sealant .

13. COST ANALYSIS
S/N MATERIAL (COST) Rs
1
Galvanized Iron Sheet
2300
2
Translation Glass
400
3
Silicone sealant 100
4
Stand 400
5
Water pipe 20
6
Insulation pant 50
7
L- Section Al steel
60
Total 3330 Rs

14. Affecting Parameter of Solar Still
The rate of evaporation of water is the Solar
radiation is proportional to the glass surface area
of absorption of water . The productivity
increases with the increase in the exposure area of
the water. studied the effect of insulation
thickness on the increase productivity of the solar
still.

15. II. FACTORS AFFECTING THE
PRODUCTIVITY OF SOLAR STILL
 A. Absorbing Materials
 B. Absorbing Area
 C. Cooling Of Cover
 D. Slope of Cover and Geometry of Still
 E. Temperature of Glass Cover
 F. Inlet Water Temperature
 G. Depth of Brine
 H. Vaccum Technology

16. Solar radiation measurement

17. Temperature measurements

18. Yield Measurement

19. Results and discussion
In this section the performance, distillate quality
variation of productivity with time.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
11:00 12:00 12:30 01:00 01:30 02:00 02:30 03:00
Productivity(ml)
Time of day(hr)

20. Temperature difference with time
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
11:00 12:00 12:30 01:00 01:30 02:00 02:30 03:00
Temetaturedifference(Tw-Tg)0C
Time of day (hr)

21. Variation of solar intensity with
time of a day
860
880
900
920
940
960
980
1000
1020
11:00 12:00 12:30 01:00 01:30 02:00 02:30 03:00
SolarIntensity(W/m2)
Time of day (hr)

22. Conclusion
 Single slope solar still was fabricated and
tested. The cost effective design is expected to
provide the rural communities an efficient way
to convert the impure water into potable water,
glass cover .
 The efficiency of solar still is 10.67 %.

23.  The solar still remains to be the basic technique for
the inexpensive production of water and is a low-
tech method that can be easily adopted by local
rural people. With the growing global oil crisis, the
need for alternatives to conventional desalination
plants based on fossil fuels grows. The use of solar
stills has so far been restricted to small-scale
systems due to their relatively low thermal
efficiency and production rate compared with the
large areas required. They tend to be competitive,
however, with other renewable-desalination
technologies in small scale production due to their
relatively low cost and simplicity.

24.  As presented in this review, the effect of absorber material
and absorber area, cooling of cover, temperature of glass
cover, inlet water temperature, slope of cover as well as
still geometry and brine depth have significant impacts on
yield and efficiency. These factors should therefore be
taken into account in novel designs. Promoting solar
distillation further requires focusing research efforts on
improving existing technology to lower costs and
developing more compact installations that reduce land
use. The use of solar panels, collectors, ponds, condensers,
and other productivity-enhancing devices requires
considerable space and thus developing more compact
systems with low cost is a main challenge.

25.  The following key points can be noted to improve productivity of
solar still: Maintaining minimum water depth in the basin
increases the productivity of the solar stills.
 The increase in the depth of water decreases the still productivity.
The use of use of water absorbing materials like jute cloth, wick
and charcoal cloth increases the area of absorption and thereby
increases the productivity of the stills. The use of finned plate,
corrugated plate and floating thermocol insulation in the still
basin also increases the performance of the solar stills. The
water–glass cover temperature difference should be increased to
increase the performance of the solar stills. The glass cover can be
cooled by flowing water over the glass cover at an optimum flow
rate. The inlet water may be preheated to increase the
productivity of the solar stills. The evaporation and condensation
rate for preheated water is more compared to the ordinary water.

26.  The water may be preheated by integrating the
still with a flat plate collector, solar pond and
heat pipe. Maintaining vaccum conditions in
the still improve the productivity. The
performance of the still with double basin is
comparatively high than the single basin stills.
The use of hemispherical plastic cover,
reflectors and condensers and other types such
as weir type stills, stills with humidification–
dehumidification process, multi-effect distilla-
tion can improve the productivity.

27. Observation Table
S/N Time Tw Tv Tg Ta Intensity O/P (ml)
1 11:00 50 51 40.4 35 860 0
2 12:00 60 57 53 36 900 20
3 12:30 63 61.5 60 36 1000 40
4 1:00 67 64 62 37 1020 60
5 1:30 68 64.5 68.5 38 940 80
6 2:00 67 64.7 68 39 920 100
7 2:30 67 61 60 37 905 120
8 3:00 65 60 58 36 890 110

28. Application
1. Power Source of sun light
2.For operation are very easy.
4. Solar thermal radiation used .
3.We provide quality water for personal and
industrial used.

29. Advantage
1.Cheap Cost solar still.
2.Free of charge sun energy.
3.For Not Required A.C. or battery .
4.To easy process of water purification.

30. REFERENCES
1.A. Muthu Manokar a, K. Kalidasa Murugavel a,n, G.Esakkimuthu.
Different parameters affecting the rate of evaporation and
condensation on passive solar still., Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Reviews 38 (2014) 309–322.
2. www.goole//wikipeadia.
3. www.sciencedirect.com
4. www.cie-hub.cc

31. Thank You