The Rodent Risk: Problem and Solution
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Learn about rodents,how they can affect your home and office, and how to keep your premises free of rodents.
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Ticks are blood-feeding ectoparasites that can transmit diseases to vertebrate hosts like mammals and birds. There are two main tick families - Hard Ticks (Ixodidae) and Soft Ticks (Argasidae). Hard ticks have a complex multi-stage life cycle involving eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adults. They feed on hosts for several days between each life stage. Ticks can transmit diseases like Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Common hard tick genera include Ixodes, Haemaphysalis, Dermacentor, Amblyomma, and Boophilus. Each genus contains medically important tick species that transmit pathogens while feeding on different host species.
Medical Entomology for medical students.pptx
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VECTORS OF PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE.pptx
This document discusses various vectors of public health importance and their life cycles. It defines vectors as living carriers that can transmit pathogenic organisms to humans, such as arthropods and rodents. The main vectors described are flies, mosquitoes, lice, bedbugs, fleas, and rodents. For each vector, their disease transmission mechanisms, life cycle including egg, larva, pupa and adult stages, and public health importance are explained. Methods for controlling vectors, including basic sanitation, physical barriers, chemical insecticides, biological controls, and integrated approaches are also outlined.
Commensal Rodents
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This document summarizes key information about rodent biology and health risks associated with rodent infestations. It discusses the identification and behaviors of common commensal rodent species like house mice and rats. It also outlines several diseases that can be transmitted by rodents or their fleas, including hantavirus, leptospirosis, rat bite fever, typhus, and plague. The document stresses the importance of thorough sanitation and rodent control to prevent the spread of diseases.
Ectoparasites : Ticks , Mites , Fleas , Flies
Arthropods are metamerically-segmented
• The segments of arthropods are associated in groups, the anterior segments form the head, the middle ones -the thorax and the posterior ones- the abdomen
•The hard outer covering of arthropod is made of chitin, it forms the Exoskeleton which covers the external surface of the body
•A complete digestive system with a mouth and an anus.
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World Rabies Day 2023 Dr.T.V.Rao MD
World Rabies Day is observed annually on September 28th to raise awareness about rabies prevention and control. The date honors Louis Pasteur, who developed the first rabies vaccine. This year's theme, "All for 1, One Health for All", emphasizes unity and inclusivity in the global effort to eliminate rabies through collective action from all sectors of society. Rabies remains a fatal viral disease spread primarily through animal bites, but it can be prevented through vaccination.
Entomology
1. Flies are important vectors of human disease and include blackflies, midges, tabanids, tsetse flies, sand flies, and house flies.
2. Blackflies breed near fast moving water and can transmit filarial worms. Tabanids are large biting flies that can mechanically transmit anthrax and tularemia.
3. Tsetse flies transmit trypanosomes in sub-Saharan Africa. Sand flies spread leishmaniasis. House flies can mechanically transmit enteric diseases.
Morphology of Rabies virus and its clinical significance.pptx
Rabies is a fatal viral disease spread to humans through bites or scratches from infected animals. It is endemic in parts of Asia and Africa, where over 95% of human deaths occur. The rabies virus infects the central nervous system and is usually fatal once symptoms develop. Common symptoms include fear of water, paralysis, and death. Laboratory diagnosis involves detecting the virus or antibodies in samples or observing Negri bodies in brain tissue. Prevention includes pre- and post-exposure vaccination and prompt wound cleansing following exposure.
Gastrointestinal protozoal parasite in nepal
This document summarizes several common gastrointestinal protozoal parasites: Giardia, Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma gondii, Eimeria, and Balantidium coli. It describes the morphology, life cycles, transmission routes, clinical signs, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of each parasite. Giardia causes giardiasis and infects both humans and animals through ingestion of cysts from contaminated food, water or surfaces. Cryptosporidium causes cryptosporidiosis in calves and lambs through ingestion of oocysts from contaminated water or food. Eimeria species like E. tenella and E. necat
Medical entomology "the need to know about little creatures"
This document provides an overview of medical entomology. It defines entomology and medical entomology, and discusses the importance of studying arthropods that affect human and animal health. It covers the classification of medically important arthropods like mosquitoes, flies, ticks, mites and sand flies. The document discusses different disease transmission cycles and highlights important vector-borne diseases like malaria, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, filariasis, kala azar and diseases transmitted by the house fly. It also provides details on the biology, identification and control of major vector species like Anopheles, Aedes, Culex, sand flies and the house fly.
Cockroaches and disease
This document provides information about cockroaches and disease-carrying true bugs. It discusses the biology and life cycles of common cockroach species and their medical importance, describing how they can transmit pathogens and cause allergies. Details are given on identifying features and control methods for major bug types, including bed bugs and kissing bugs that transmit Chagas disease. The kissing bugs section focuses on the Triatoma genus, their role as vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, and epidemiology of Chagas disease in the Americas.
Hydatid disease
Hydatid disease is caused by the larval form of the Echinococcus tapeworm infecting intermediate hosts like sheep. It is prevalent in countries where sheep are raised and contact between dogs and livestock is common. The adult tapeworm lives in the small intestine of dogs which shed eggs through their feces. Humans can become infected by ingesting these eggs from contaminated food, water, or contact with dogs. The eggs hatch and develop into cysts most often in the liver and lungs. Surgical removal of cysts is the main treatment but carries risks if the cysts rupture during surgery. Prevention focuses on deworming dogs and preventing contact between dogs and slaughtered livestock to interrupt the parasite's lifecycle.
Ento 4.pptx
This document discusses fleas, which are small wingless insects that feed on mammal and bird blood. It describes the general characteristics and categories of fleas. The medically important fleas are in the genera Pulex, Xenopsylla, and Tunga, which can transmit plague, murine typhus, and cause jiggers. The flea life cycle consists of eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. Control methods include chemical insecticides and personal protection measures.
Zoonotic Infection.pptx
Infections spread from animals to human are called zoonotic infections.
The term zoonos is’ Derived from the Greek
ZOON (animals) and NOSES (diseases)
Pathogens shared with wild or domestic animals cause more than 60% of infectious diseases in man.
Anthrax
Anthrax is a bacteria called Bacillus anthracis that can infect humans and animals. It exists in both a vegetative state and an extremely durable spore form. People can contract anthrax through contact with infected animals or animal products. Symptoms and severity of anthrax in humans depend on how it is contracted. While rare, anthrax infections can be fatal if untreated. Vaccines and antibiotic treatments exist but protecting livestock is key to preventing human cases.
Captive reptile accommodation
This document discusses how a reptile's accommodation can affect its health. It outlines how the size and materials of the vivarium, heat sources, UV lighting, humidity levels, and substrate choices can all impact a reptile's well-being if not properly managed. Issues range from physical injuries and diseases to metabolic bone disease and infections. The accommodation can also harbor zoonotic diseases transmissible to humans, such as salmonella, if proper sanitation and husbandry practices are not followed.
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The Rodent Risk: Problem and Solution
- 1. The Rodent Risk: Problem and Solution
- 2. What are Rodents? Mammals of the order 'rodentia' are called rodents. They include: • Rats • Mice • Squirrels • Porcupines • Beavers • Guinea pigs
- 3. • With 2,277 species, they comprise the largest order of mammals • Over 40% mammalian species belong to the order • They can be found everywhere on the planet, except Antarctica and in the oceans Range of Order
- 4. • Most are very small • The world’s largest known rodent is the capybara, which weighs ~65kgs on average • The African pygmy mouse is just 6cm in length and weighs only 7 grams at maturity Size of Rodents
- 5. Rodents have an average life span of merely 1-3 years, but can do a lot in just a year: • They hit puberty at 6 to 16 weeks • They can reproduce throughout the year • A litter size can be up to 22 • The breeding potential of a female rodent lies between 800 and 1,500 Rodents Breed Faster Than We Could Imagine
- 6. House Rats: • Rattusrattus (house rats) • Mus musculus (house mouse) Field Rats: • Bandicota Bengalensis (Lesser Bandicoot) • Tetera Omdoca (Indian Gerbil) • Nesoica Indica (Short Tail Mole Rat) • Rattus Meltoda (Soft Fur Field Rat) • Mus Booduga (Field Rat) Types of Rats Rats are divided into two types, based on their shelter:
- 7. Rats can: • Eat and contaminate crops like vegetables, oil seeds and cereals at an early stage • Chew electrical wiring, causing a fire • Cause the loss of a fifth of the world's crop production every year • Transmit many diseases to humans • Bite children and even adults, if cornered The Damage Caused Though small, rats have the potential to cause much damage:
- 8. • Plague: An epidemic disease caused by transmission of Y. pestis • Murine Typhus: A type of typhus transmitted by fleas on rats • Salmonellosis: Infection by bacteria causing fever, vomiting, diarrhea and cramps • Rickettsial Pox: A mite-borne infectious illness • Rate Bite Fever: Contracted from the bite of a rat, it causes inflammation of skin and fever • Dysentery: An inflammation of intestine causing diarrhea Disease Caused by Rodents As the weather gets colder, rodents start looking for shelter to seek warmth. They eat whatever people do and can cause many serious diseases like:
- 9. • Droppings that have an average length of a quarter of an inch with rounded edges • Burrows in the garden or backyard used for temporary shelter • Urine stains around the home • Rodent odor which is not very pleasant Signs of Rodent Infestation in Homes
- 10. Have you spotted rats at home? Getting rid of them yourself may expose you to deadly poisons. Leave rats and mice to the professionals at Heritage Pest Control, for thorough and humane animal removal services that will get your home back to being animal-free. Be Free of Rodent Risk
- 11. Visit: www.heritagepestcontrolnj.com OR Call: 866-666-3120 Safety at Your Doorstep