Anthrax is a bacteria called Bacillus anthracis that can infect humans and animals. It exists in both a vegetative state and an extremely durable spore form. People can contract anthrax through contact with infected animals or animal products. Symptoms and severity of anthrax in humans depend on how it is contracted. While rare, anthrax infections can be fatal if untreated. Vaccines and antibiotic treatments exist but protecting livestock is key to preventing human cases.
Zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis
Infects primarily herbivores- goats, sheep, cattle, horses and swine
Human infections - contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products
Human infections rarely via the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts
Anthrax is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis that normally affects animals, especially ruminants (such as goats, cattle, sheep, and horses). Anthrax can be transmitted to humans by contact with infected animals or their products.Anthrax cannot be spread directly from person to person, but a person's clothing and body may be contaminated with anthrax spores. Antibiotics often cure anthrax if it is diagnosed early. But many people don't know they have anthrax until it is too late to treat
introduction and terminologies of preventive vet medicine, ,preventive medicine ,disinfection ,sterilization ,treatment principals ,disease control and eradication ,levels of disease prevention ,etiology and factor based disease types
Contagious ecthyma results from infection by the orf virus, a member of the genus Parapoxvirus in the family Poxviridae. The orf virus remains viable on the wool and hides for approximately one month after the lesions have healed. It is very resistant to inactivation in the environment and has been recovered from dried crusts after 12 years.
[Photo: Negative-stained transmission electron micrograph (TEM) image of an Orf virus, genus Parapoxvirus. The criss-cross pattern is an artefact caused by superimposition of images of top and bottom surfaces of the virion. Source: Cynthia Goldsmith/CDC Public Health Image Library]
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The Eradication of Bovine Tuberculosis In WisconsinDr. Fred J. Born
This PowerPoint covers the history of bovine TB and the changes in the testing cattle for this disease. Describes the important role Wisconsin veterinarians made in the eradication of bovine TB in Wisconsin and the nation.
A complete series of photos of the instruments used
in testing cattle for bovine TB are shown.
Zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis
Infects primarily herbivores- goats, sheep, cattle, horses and swine
Human infections - contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products
Human infections rarely via the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts
Anthrax is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis that normally affects animals, especially ruminants (such as goats, cattle, sheep, and horses). Anthrax can be transmitted to humans by contact with infected animals or their products.Anthrax cannot be spread directly from person to person, but a person's clothing and body may be contaminated with anthrax spores. Antibiotics often cure anthrax if it is diagnosed early. But many people don't know they have anthrax until it is too late to treat
introduction and terminologies of preventive vet medicine, ,preventive medicine ,disinfection ,sterilization ,treatment principals ,disease control and eradication ,levels of disease prevention ,etiology and factor based disease types
Contagious ecthyma results from infection by the orf virus, a member of the genus Parapoxvirus in the family Poxviridae. The orf virus remains viable on the wool and hides for approximately one month after the lesions have healed. It is very resistant to inactivation in the environment and has been recovered from dried crusts after 12 years.
[Photo: Negative-stained transmission electron micrograph (TEM) image of an Orf virus, genus Parapoxvirus. The criss-cross pattern is an artefact caused by superimposition of images of top and bottom surfaces of the virion. Source: Cynthia Goldsmith/CDC Public Health Image Library]
anthrax, bacillus anthracis, Koch's postulate, infectious agent, host, mode of transmission of anthrax, pathogenesis of anthrax,anthrax in nepal, clinical features of anthrax, types of anthrax, cutaneous anthrax, gastrointestinal anthrax, inhalational anthrax, diagnosis of anthrax, investigations of anthrax, laboratory investigations of anthrax, treatment of anthrax, medicines of anthrax, prevention of anthrax, athrax vaccine, global scenario of anthrax, global burden of anthrax, outbreak of anthrax, anthrax as bio-weapon, WHO activities on anthrax, scenario of anthrax in nepal, brief history of anthrax, other names of anthrax, malignant pustle, malignant edema, woolsorter's disease, ragpicker's disease
The Eradication of Bovine Tuberculosis In WisconsinDr. Fred J. Born
This PowerPoint covers the history of bovine TB and the changes in the testing cattle for this disease. Describes the important role Wisconsin veterinarians made in the eradication of bovine TB in Wisconsin and the nation.
A complete series of photos of the instruments used
in testing cattle for bovine TB are shown.
Medical entomology "the need to know about little creatures"vckg1987
very important tpic for public health expertise. this presentation includes the from womgb to tomb of mosquitoes. which in clear sense means from their larval life cycle to control management.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
5. Primary Hosts
• The primary hosts of Anthrax
warm blooded animals such as:
Humans
Cattle
Sheep
6. Ways Humans can Get it
• Cutaneous (Skin)
– Contact with infected
tissues or animal fibers
• Inhalational
– Tanning hides,
processing wool or bone
• Gastrointestinal
– Undercooked meat
7. Where Humans can get it
• Tanneries
• Textile mills
• Slaughterhouses
10. Cutaneous (Skin) Anthrax
• A form of Anthrax -
• 95% of all cases
• Incubation: 2 to 3 days
• Spores enter skin through open wound
• Skin infection begins as a raised itchy bump
11. Gastrointestinal Anthrax
• Incubation: 2 to 5 days
• Case fatality rate: 25 to 75%
• has not been documented in
U.S.
• nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting, fever
followed by abdominal pain and vomiting of
blood
12. Inhalational Anthrax
• Incubation: 1 to 7 days
• Usually Fatal
• resemble a common cold – sore throat, mild
fever, muscle aches and malaise
• Then severe breathing problems and shock
13. History of Anthrax
• United States 2001 – Postal Services
– 13 reported cases
• The largest reported food-borne epidemic
was in Zimbabwe, in the 1970s.
– From eating animals that died of Anthrax
14. Ways to Treat it
• Ciprofloxacin, doxycycline and penicillin
• Course of treatment: 60 days
16. Vaccination
• People who are at risk include
– Livestock handlers
– Military personnel
• Vaccine/Immunity Shots
– Five injections over 18-week period
17. Interesting Facts (Bioterrorism)
• 100 lbs of spores
– Urban area of 5 million
– Estimated impact
• 250,000 cases of anthrax
• 100,000 deaths
• 220 lbs of spores
– Upwind of Wash D.C.
– Estimated impact
• 130,000 to 3 million deaths
18. Some Interesting Facts
• Thousands of anthrax spores are required for
human infection, of which all can fit in the
area of a single pinhead.
• Anthrax is a seasonal disease that is controlled
by temperature fluctuations, amount of rain
received, and soil type.
• 143 nations around the world have signed a
treaty banning the use of weapons loaded
with anthrax spores.
