These slides were designed to accompany a lecture on Copernicus and Galileo and their contributions to the development of heliocentric theory during the Scientific Revolution.
The Philosophes (Enlightenment Thinkers)Tom Richey
During the Age of Enlightenment, the "philosophes" (French for philosopher) championed enlightened values of empiricism, freedom, science, reason, progress, and religious toleration. The Philosophes hailed from several European nations, such as France (Voltaire, Diderot, Montesquieu, Rousseau), Prussia (Kant), Scotland (Smith), and the United States (Jefferson, Franklin, Paine).
This PowerPoint presentation was designed to accompany a lecture on the Enlightenment for courses in Western Civilization, World History, and European History.
For more instructional materials, check out my website: http://www.tomrichey.net
The English Restoration and the Glorious RevolutionTom Richey
This is a follow-up to my lecture on Stuart Absolutism and the English Civil War, beginning with the Restoration of Charles II and ending with the Glorious Revolution and the English Bill of Rights. The Restoration monarchs (Charles II and James II) each had an uneasy relationship with Parliament. James II had an especially hard time as a Catholic monarch ruling a Protestant nation. In 1688, James' son-in-law, William of Orange, invaded England upon the invitation of Parliament and overthrew James. William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights, bringing in a new era of cooperation between the Crown and Parliament.
A summary of how the English traditions of government, such as the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights, have influenced the development of government in the British colonies
The Philosophes (Enlightenment Thinkers)Tom Richey
During the Age of Enlightenment, the "philosophes" (French for philosopher) championed enlightened values of empiricism, freedom, science, reason, progress, and religious toleration. The Philosophes hailed from several European nations, such as France (Voltaire, Diderot, Montesquieu, Rousseau), Prussia (Kant), Scotland (Smith), and the United States (Jefferson, Franklin, Paine).
This PowerPoint presentation was designed to accompany a lecture on the Enlightenment for courses in Western Civilization, World History, and European History.
For more instructional materials, check out my website: http://www.tomrichey.net
The English Restoration and the Glorious RevolutionTom Richey
This is a follow-up to my lecture on Stuart Absolutism and the English Civil War, beginning with the Restoration of Charles II and ending with the Glorious Revolution and the English Bill of Rights. The Restoration monarchs (Charles II and James II) each had an uneasy relationship with Parliament. James II had an especially hard time as a Catholic monarch ruling a Protestant nation. In 1688, James' son-in-law, William of Orange, invaded England upon the invitation of Parliament and overthrew James. William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights, bringing in a new era of cooperation between the Crown and Parliament.
A summary of how the English traditions of government, such as the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights, have influenced the development of government in the British colonies
The Radicalization of the French RevolutionTom Richey
This installment of my French Revolution Lecture Series focuses on the radicalization of the French Revolution between 1791-1792, starting with the Le Chapelier Law in 1791 and ending with the execution of Louis XVI in January of 1793.
As conditions for the working class worsened in industrialized Britain in the early 19th century, Karl Marx predicted that the British workers would rise up in a violent proletarian revolution. However, this was not to be, as Parliament embraced modest reforms to curb some of the most flagrant economic and social ills facing the nation at the time. Topics Covered include rotten boroughs, the Chartists, and the Corn Laws
The Whiskey Rebellion was an uprising of Western Pennsylvania farmers between 1791-1794 in response to Alexander Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey. A federal militia was organized in 1794 to put down the rebellion. When the rebels dispersed without a single shot being fired, Hamilton and the Federalists hailed it as a victory for the newly formed federal government created by the United States Constitution.
The Radicalization of the French RevolutionTom Richey
This installment of my French Revolution Lecture Series focuses on the radicalization of the French Revolution between 1791-1792, starting with the Le Chapelier Law in 1791 and ending with the execution of Louis XVI in January of 1793.
As conditions for the working class worsened in industrialized Britain in the early 19th century, Karl Marx predicted that the British workers would rise up in a violent proletarian revolution. However, this was not to be, as Parliament embraced modest reforms to curb some of the most flagrant economic and social ills facing the nation at the time. Topics Covered include rotten boroughs, the Chartists, and the Corn Laws
The Whiskey Rebellion was an uprising of Western Pennsylvania farmers between 1791-1794 in response to Alexander Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey. A federal militia was organized in 1794 to put down the rebellion. When the rebels dispersed without a single shot being fired, Hamilton and the Federalists hailed it as a victory for the newly formed federal government created by the United States Constitution.
This PowerPoint presentation was created to accompany a lecture on the division of ancient Israel into two kingdoms (Israel and Judah) and the subsequent conquest of these kingdoms by the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian Empires. The fall of Israel and Judah resulted in a diaspora (scattering) of peoples across the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions. After Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered the Babylonian Empire, he allowed Jews to return to Jerusalem to rebuild their temple. In the centuries that followed, a messianic tradition developed, which promised a deliverer who would restore the Kingdom of Judah. Zionism emerged in the late 19th century with a similar goal of restoring a sovereign Jewish homeland. The modern nation of Israel, founded in 1948, represents the realization of the goals of the Zionist movement. To this day, modern Israelis contest over this land with its neighbors much like their ancestors did three thousand years ago.
This PowerPoint presentation was created to accompany a lecture on the Virginia Colony in my US History courses. In the lecture, I discuss the failure of the Roanoke Colony, the rough start of the Jamestown Colony, the importance of tobacco agriculture (and the labor forces necessary to cultivate the labor-intensive cash crop), and the relationships between the settlers and the Powhatan Indians.
This PowerPoint slide presentation was created to accompany an academic lecture on Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany. Included in this lecture are factors leading to Hitler's radicalization and anti-Semitism as well as the key events on his road to power in Germany, including his leadership in the National Socialist German Workers Party, the Beer Hall Putsch, the publication of Mein Kampf, the Great Depression, the Reichstag Fire Decree, and the Enabling Act.
For a fully editable PowerPoint version of this presentation, visit my PowerPoints page: http://www.tomrichey.net/powerpoints
Godwin's Law states, "As an online discussion grows longer, the probability of a comparison involving Nazis or Hitler approaches 1." Lately, no internet discussion about Donald Trump can be complete without at least one reference to Hitler. I've been asked by several people to evaluate these comparisons, so I designed these slides to accompany a recent lecture comparing Donald Trump and Adolf Hitler, noting similarities, differences, and nuances.
If this subject interests you, check out the lecture on my YouTube channel:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TA_cZxMu2b0
During the Scientific Revolution, Francis Bacon and other natural philosophers developed inductive reasoning as an alternative to the deductive method that had been in use since Aristotle's time. Today, both methods are used by those trying to understand the universe in which we live.
This PowerPoint presentation is designed to cover a lecture on the events leading to the American Civil War between the Compromise of 1850 and the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. It includes the controversies surrounding the strenghtened Fugitive Slave Law, the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, Bleeding Kansas, the Brooks-Sumner incident, Nativism, the Dred Scott decision, the Lincoln-Douglas debates, John Brown's Harpers Ferry raid, and the election of Abraham Lincoln.
The Declaration of Independence (US History EOC Review)Tom Richey
This presentation on the Declaration of Independence was created specifically for a review lecture in preparation for the South Carolina US History EOC (End of Course) exam.
Rene Descartes was a French philosopher and mathematician who was one of the most influential thinkers of the Scientific Revolution. He is most famous for saying, "Cogito ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am). These slides were created to accompany a brief lecture introducing Descartes and his philosophy.
Check out the e-lecture on YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l04HlEP-N60
During his reign, Louis XIV fought four wars: The War of Devolution, the Franco-Dutch War, the Nine Years' War, and the War of the Spanish Succession. In each of these wars, Louis sought to attain personal glory while strengthening France at the expense of other European powers. While Louis' legacy can often be controversial, he left France a more powerful country than he found it.
For more instructional materials, visit my website: www.tomrichey.net
During the Dutch Golden Age (17th c.), painters such as Rembrandt and Vermeer produced paintings in a variety of genres: historical painting, landscapes and cityscapes, portraits, genre (everyday life) painting, maritime scenes, and still lifes. The presentation was created to accompany a lecture introducing Art History and European History students to the art of the Dutch Golden Age.
Jacques-Louis David: French Neoclassical PainterTom Richey
Jacques-Louis David was a French Neoclassical painter best known for his paintings of the French Revolution (Death of Marat) and Napoleon (Napoleon Crossing the Alps). David's paintings combined his enthusiasm with classical themes with the promises of a classical rebirth through the French Republic and the Napoleonic Empire.
After the end of the High Renaissance in the 1520s, Renaissance art continued to evolve as artists challenged the classical conventions of grace, symmetry, and proportion. The style of Mannerism emerged in the mid-sixteenth century with elongated figures that were painted to inspire a sense of grandeur and emotion rather than striving after ideal beauty.
The Mannerist style of painting can be best seen in Michelangelo's later works and in the works of Parmigianino and El Greco.
As the French Revolution began to shake the foundations of Europe, George Washington found himself stuck between the Federalists, who wanted to strengthen economic ties with Britain, and the Jeffersonians, who wanted to the United States to express solidarity with her sister republic in France. Caught between two extremes, Washington chose the middle path of neutrality. The Citizen Genet affair and the unpopular Jay treaty presented challenges to Washington's administration, while Pinckney's Treaty settled boundary and navigation disputes with Spain.
This presentation provides a brief introduction to the principles of the United States Constitution, including federalism, the enumerated powers, separation of powers, checks and balances, and the limitation of government power by the Bill of Rights.
The Golden Age of Latin Literature spanned from the time of Cicero to the death of Augustus. The Golden Age is divided into two periods: Ciceronian and Augustan. Writers of the Ciceronian period included Cicero (its namesake), Julius Caesar, and Catullus. Writers of the Augustan period included Livy, Virgil, Horace, and Ovid. Livy's History of Rome remains the most authoritative work on the earliest history of Rome. Virgil and Horace were both supported by Augustus, as these writers were very supportive of him in appreciation for his patronage. Ovid, whose poetry did not align as well with Augustus' civic goals, found himself exiled to Tomis on the Black Sea, where he spent the last decade of his life in sorrow.
How revolutionary was the American Revolution? Historians generally classify the American Revolution as more of a political revolution than a social revolution, but there were some very important changes in American society following the Revolution that should not be overlooked. The ideals of the American Revolution were rooted in classical republicanism and egalitarian values, which can be seen in the prohibition of titles of nobility, the gradual emancipation of slaves in the North, and in laws guaranteeing religious liberty. While women did not gain the ability to vote after the Revolution, the ideal of republican motherhood necessitated a greater role for women in the education of their children. More than anyone else, George Washington embodied the republican ideals of the American Revolution, as seen in is commitment to agriculture, civic duty, and republican simplicity.
This PowerPoint presentation was created to accompany a US History lecture on the American Enlightenment and its influence on American Founding Fathers, such as Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Paine.
An introduction of events leading the French Revolution of 1789, beginning with a discussion of the Old Regime and ending with the Women's March on Versailles
Mitt Romney's Trump Speech: A Modern PhilippicTom Richey
On Thursday, Mitt Romney delivered a scathing speech against Donald Trump, the current frontrunner for the GOP nomination. This speech was a philippic, closely following the format of the great Athenian orator, Demosthenes, who delivered three speeches in a vain attempt to rally his fellow Athenians against Philip II of Macedon. Cicero, the great Roman statesman and orator, used the same type of rhetoric in his fourteen philippics against Marcus Antonius in the final days of the Roman Republic.
Using historical synthesis, I argue that Mitt Romney's philippic won't be a decisive factor in the fight for the GOP nomination.
The Missouri Compromise was the result of the first debate in Congress concerning the spread of slavery, occurring in 1819-1820. When Missouri applied for admission into the Union, many in Congress objected to Missouri's admission as a slave state, supporting the Tallmadge Amendment that would have made gradual emancipation a condition for admission. When the Senate and the House could not agree on whether to pass the bill with or without the Tallmadge Amendment (the slave states had more influence in the Senate), Henry Clay proposed a compromise that brought Missouri into the Union as a slave state on the condition that Maine also be brought in as a free state and that all territories in the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36˚30 parallel be closed to slavery.
While many congratulated Henry Clay on a job well done, Thomas Jefferson worried greatly from his retirement at Monticello. He believed that the Missouri debate would only be the first of several debates regarding slavery and its expansion. While an opponent of the idea of slavery in the abstract, he did not see a path toward a practical end of slavery in the immediate future. With Jefferson's predictions coming true and the period between 1820-1860 being filled with debates concerning slavery, historians have often placed the Missouri Compromise at the beginning of the Antebellum (Before the War) Period.
For more PowerPoints for history and government courses, visit my website: http://www.tomrichey.net
These slides were created in order to accompany a lecture on the Divine Right of Kings, a philosophy appropriated by 17th century European monarchs in order to assert biblical pretensions to absolute power. Jacques Bossuet, Louis XIV's court preacher, was the primary expositor of this doctrine.
Stuart Absolutism and the English Civil WarTom Richey
These slides were created to accompany a historical lecture on Stuart England, focusing on the reigns of James I and Charles I as well as the English Civil War and Cromwell's Protectorate.
Slides designed to go with a lecture on Martin Luther and the beginnings of the Protestant Reformation, including the controversy of Tetzel's sale of indulgences, the 95 Theses, the Diet of Worms, the German Peasants' Revolt, and the Peace of Augsburg. Martin Luther's doctrines are addressed in another lecture.
George Fox founded the Society of Friends - more familiarly known as Quakers - in the mid-17th century in the midst of massive upheaval and war in England. The Quakers, who preached peace, equality, and freedom of conscience, were a reviled sect and subjected to persecution before James II proclaimed Christian toleration in 1687. In an effort to establish a safe haven for Quakers, William Penn established the Pennsylvania colony, where he hoped to put the Quaker ideal into practice.
This lecture is intended chiefly for students taking courses in US History, but may be relevant for other subject areas, as well.
For more instructional materials, visit my website: www.tomrichey.net
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.