This document provides an overview of Islamic civilizations and history. It begins with definitions of Islam and key terms like Allah, Muslim, and mosque. It then discusses the prophet Muhammad and the hijrah. Key events and figures of early Islamic history are outlined, including the Kabbah, caliphs like Abu Bakr, the Rashidun and Umayyad caliphates. The document also summarizes pillars of Islam, divisions in the religion, important structures like the Dome of the Rock, the Islamic Golden Age, Al-Andalus, the Ottoman Empire, and cultural works like One Thousand and One Nights.

1. World History Honors
Ms. Samm
ISLAMIC CIVILIZATIONS

2. 1. Means “Submission to the
will of Allah.”
2. The followers are called
Muslim. The word “Islamic”
refers to the culture itself.
ISLAM

3. 3. Allah, the name for “G-d”
is the same G-d that is
worshipped by Christianity
and in Judaism (Jewish).
4. Mosque: this is the Islamic
place (house) of worship.

5. 1. He was born in Mecca in 570. He
had a revelation in which a voice told
him to become an apostle to Allah.
2. In Islam, he is known as the last
and greatest of the Prophets.
MUHAMMAD (PBUH)

6. 1. Merchants and religious
leaders did not like his
preaching, so he was forced
to move from Mecca to
Yathrib (Medina) in 622 AD.
HIJRAH

7. 1. Mecca’s holiest shrine which, at
the onset of Islam, contained many
polytheistic idols.
2. It was destroyed when the
Medinah’s conquered the Meccas
and turned into a place of worship
for Muslims.
KABBAH

10. Beautiful Kabbah
(4:01)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpThQ1xdUtk
1. Tell me THREE things you noticed about the first video, Beautiful
Kabbah.
World’s Largest Pilgrimage: Hajj Documentary (14:19)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7q_LcqbvKI
1. Tell me TWO things you noticed, TWO things that were interesting and
TWO things you noticed about the followers of Islam.
VIDEOS & QUESTIONS

11. 1. Holy scriptures of Islam;
2. Presents basic moral values of
Islam;
3. Condemns murder, stealing, lying,
and adultery;
4. Forbids gambling, drinking alcohol,
eating pork.
QU’RAN

13. Essential duties that all Muslims
must fulfill:
1. Faith - confession of Faith that
affirms to submit to G-d’s will;
2. Prayer - 5 times a day towards
Mecca;
5 PILLARS OF ISLAM

14. 3. Alms - charity to the poor;
4. Fasting - during the month
of Ramadan;
5. Pilgrimage - Hajj annual trip
to Mecca for every Muslim.

16. 1. Muhammad (PBUH) never named his
successor (the one who should take
over upon his death), so the Muslims
elected Abu-Bakr as the first caliph-
leader.
2. “Rightly guided caliphs”- Abu
Bakr and the next 3 caliphs- not all
were accepted; some were murdered.
CALIPH

17. MUSLIM EMPIRE IN 632 CE – 750 CE

18. 1. “Striving”; inner struggle against
evil.
2. A defensive, armed struggle
against non-believers.
3. Abu Bakr used this to justify his
military expansion into North
Africa, and eventually into Central
Asia and the Iberian Peninsula.
JIHAD

19. 1. Relationship between non-
Muslims and Muslims.
2. The Qu’ran forbids forced
conversion, so Muslims allowed the
people to worship whatever
religion they wanted.
3. Had to pay higher taxes.
DHIMMITUDE

20. 1. Sunni- they believed that
the leader doesn’t have to be
a descendent, but should
follow the beliefs of
Muhammad (PBUH).
DIVISIONS (SECTS) IN ISLAM

21. 2. Shi’a- believed that the
Muslim leader should be a
descendent of Muhammad
(PBUH).
3. Each believes that the
other has distorted some
passages of the Qu’ran.

24. 1. They were the first rulers of the Islamic
Empire to pass power down within their family.
2. A powerful caliph family that moved the
Muslim capital from Mecca to Damascus, in
order to have more control over the land.
3. Lived in lavish wealth which divided the
Shi'a and Sunni people, and caused the
Umayyad to be overthrown in the end.
UMAYYADS
661 AD TO 750 AD

26. 1. An Islamic shrine located
on the Temple Mount in the
Old City of Jerusalem.
2. Was initially completed in
691–92 CE at the order of
Umayyad Caliph Abd al-
Malik
3. It was destroyed during the
Roman Siege of Jerusalem in
70 CE.
DOME OF THE ROCK

27. 1. Third Caliphates to rule after
Muhammad (PBUH). Ruled from Baghdad,
Iraq.
2. Had an unbroken line of Caliphs that
ruled for over 3 centuries.
3. They consolidated Islamic rule.
ABBASIDS

28. 4. During this their control, the Islamic world
experienced what is known as the Islamic Golden
Age because of the development of intellectual
centers such as the House of Wisdom and
libraries.
5. The House of Wisdom- is a research center
that collected, preserved, and translated scientific
texts from Aristotle and Plato into Arabic.

31. END OF LECTURE
DAY 1

32. BEGIN OF LECTURE
DAY 2

33. 1. Sufism, the mystical branch of Islam. It
emphasizes universal love, peace, and acceptance
of various spiritual paths and a mystical union
with the “divine.”
2. Sufism is associated with the dancing
of Whirling Dervishes, a Mevlevian Order who
originated in the 13th century as followers of the
poet and Muslim mystic, Jalaluddin Rumi.
Let’s watch them, shall we? Link (3:01):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkuimX1bh6g
SUFISM (SUFI’S)

34. 1. Islamic mathematicians invented
algebra. (you’re welcome)
2. They used Arabic numerals in a
place-value system.
3. They improved the astrolabe,
which helped improve navigation
and measurement.
MATH AND SCIENCE

35. Astrolabe

37. 1. A.k.a. Muslim Spain.
2. This Muslim Caliphate was located in Spain on the
Iberian Peninsula until the collapse of the Spanish
Umayyad dynasty.
3. It was started by an Umayyad Prince who wanted to get
away from the Abbasids.
AL-ANDALUS
711 CE UNTIL 11TH CENTURY

39. The Al-Hambra, an abbreviation of the Arabic:
Qal’at al-Hamra, or red fort, was built by the
Nasrid Dynasty (1232-1492)—the last Muslims to
rule in Spain.
The Catholic monarchs who besieged and
ultimately took the city, left this complex largely
intact.
AL-HAMBRA (PALACE)

41. 1. Ethnic Turks who started an empire in
1326, after the collapse of the Byzantine
Empire.
2. Had large military successes due to their
use of gunpowder and cannons.
3. Followed the Muslim example of taxing
non-believers.
4. Sultan: title given to the leader.
OTTOMAN EMPIRE

42. 1. Mehmed II- the leader of the
Ottomans that officially
conquered Constantinople in
1453 and renamed it Istanbul. He
opened the city to all people of
all religions and backgrounds.
OTTOMAN LEADERS

44. 2. Suleyman the Magnificent - ruled
the Ottomans during their peak from
1520-1566. He expanded their empire
into North Africa and into Eastern
Europe. He created a law code, limited
taxes, and helped the arts flourish.

45. Suleyman the
Magnificent

47. 1. A story collection that was compiled over a
period of several centuries.
2. It incorporates material from Arab, Persian,
Turkish, Greek, and Indian sources.
3. Medieval audiences enjoyed a good scare as
much as anybody, so—mixed in with the
Nights’ adventures, pious parables, love stories,
and bawdy jokes—one finds frightening tales,
ranging from the merely spooky to the
absolutely nightmarish.
4. In the West, these stories inspired modern
pioneers of horror fiction such as Edgar Allan
Poe and H.P. Lovecraft.
ONE THOUSAND AND ONE NIGHTS