The document discusses the respiratory system and common respiratory problems. It describes the process of respiration which involves the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the respiratory tract. This includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and alveoli. Common respiratory issues like influenza, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, asthma and pneumonia are then explained in terms of their causes, symptoms and treatments. Smoking is identified as a leading cause of several respiratory diseases.

1. The Respiration & Problems
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

2. THE RESPIRATION
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

3. THE RESPIRATION
WHAT IS RESPIRATON?
-The process of breathing goes on automatically
throughout
life whether we will not.
-is defined as the transport of oxygen from the
outside air to the cells with in tissues ,and the
transport of
carbon dioxide in the opposite direction

4. THE REPIRATION AND THE ORGANS
 It involve the
movement of the
Diaphragm and
chest.
 The inflow of air
through the Nostrils
or Mouth.
Pharynx
• Contains the
windpipe or the
tranche and the
food pipe or
esophagus
• The epiglottis
prevents the
food from
entering the
tranchea
Bronchi
• Trachea has two
tubes called
bronchi
• The Bronchi are
two air tubesthat
branch off of the
trachea and carry
air directly into
the lungs
Alveoli
• it permit the
exchange of
gases,O and CO2
• it provide a
surface area of
about 1,000 sqr
ft

5. INHALATION

6. EXHALATION

7. OUR ACTIVITIES AND THE REPIRATION
Sighing
Yawning
Hiccoughing
Coughing
Sneezing
Laughing & Crying

8. OUR ACTIVITIES AND THE REPIRATION
-Sighing
a long,deep inspiration
followed by a short ,
large expiration

9. OUR ACTIVITIES AND THE REPIRATION
-Yawning
The entrance of the
air to the open mouth
instead through the
nose.

10. OUR ACTIVITIES AND THE REPIRATION
-Hiccoughing
It is caused by the
contractions of the
Diaphragm.It is the
sudden movement of the
Diaphragm.

11. OUR ACTIVITIES AND THE REPIRATION
-Coughing
It is s full inspiration
followed by rapid
expiration,often
violent.

12. OUR ACTIVITIES AND THE REPIRATION
-Sneezing
which smilar to
coughing,except that
the expelled air is sent
through the nose.

13. OUR ACTIVITIES AND THE REPIRATION
-Laughing & Crying
It is are psysiologically much
alike,and often pass into one
another under emotional
Stress.

15. RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS
The Respiratory System

16. Repiratory Problems
Respiratory Problems-When a respiratory tract is infected with disease,it
will affect one’s health.Lungs are always affected by these diseases.
•Influenza (Flu)
•Emphysema
•Chronic Bronchitis
•Tuberculosis(TB)
•Cystic Fibrosis
•Lung Cancer
•Asthma
•Pneumonia

17. Respiratory Problems
INFLUENZA
(Flu) Click to add text
Influenza, commonly known as "the
flu", is an infectious disease of birds
and mammals caused by RNA viruses
of the familyOrthomyxoviridae, the
influenza viruses.

18. Influenza (Flu) •CAUSES
-RNA viruses and different strains of the influenza virus that
have the ability to mutate into different forms.The infection
is transmitted by inhaling a repiratory droplets,or by direct
contact,such as dringking from a contaminated glass.
•SYMPTOMS
-Fever (usually 100’F to 103’F in adults and often even
higher in children),chills,respiratory symptoms such as
cough (more often in adults,runny or stuffy nose(specially in
children),head and muscle
aches,fatigue,nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea.
•TREATMENT / MEDICATION
-Influenza vaccine,bed rest,drink extra fluids,at least one
glass of water/juice every hour,drugs like
Acetaminophen/Ibuprofen can relieve head and muscle
aches.

19. Respiratory Problems
EMPHYSEMA
Long-term exposure to these
irritants causes an inflammatory
response in the lungs resulting in
narrowing of the small airways
and breakdown of lung tissue
known as emphysema.

20. Emphysema
•CAUSES
-Smoking which causes inflammation of the cells
in the lungs due to the swelling within the
bronchioles and activation of enzymes called
proteases,which attack and destroy the alveolar
wall structures.
•SYMPTOMS
-Shortness of breath and wheezing.
•TREATMENT / MEDICATION
-Stop smoking

21. Respiratory Problems
CHRONIC
BRONCHITIS
Tobacco smoking is the most
common cause of COPD, with a
number of other factors such as
air pollution and genetics playing
a smaller role.

22. Chronic Bronchitis
•CAUSES
-Cigarette smoking and bonchial irritants,usually inhaled
repeatedly by the affected person.
•SYMPTOMS
-Hacking cough,yellow,white,or green phlegm,usually
appearing 24-48 hours after cough,fever,chills,soreness
and tightness in chest,some pain below breastbone
during deep breathing,some shortness of breath.
•TREATMENT / MEDICATION
-Quit cigarrete smoking and avoid air borne bronchial
irritants;medical treatments includes
bronchodilators,steroids,and oxygen theraphy.

23. Respiratory Problems
TUBERCULOSIS
(TB)
in the past also called phthisis,
phthisis pulmonalis, or consumption,
is a widespread, and in many cases
fatal, infectious disease caused by
various strains of mycobacteria,
usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

24. Tuberculosis (TB)
•CAUSES
-Mycobacterium tuberculosis,slow-growing bacteria,that
thrive in areas,of the body that are rich in blood and
oxygen,such as the lungs,HIV infection,low socioeconomic
status,alcoholism,homelessness,crowded living condition,
diseases that weaken the immune system,migration with
a high number of cases.
•SYMPTOMS
-A cough that brings up thick,cloudy,and sometimes
bloody mucus from the lungs (called Sputum) for more
than 2 weeks.
-Tiredness and weight loss
-Night sweats and a fever
-A rapid heartbeat

25. -Swelling in the neck (when lymph nodes in the neck are
infected) ,
-Shortness of breath and chest pain (in rare cases)
-Swelling in the neck (when lymph nodes in the neck are
infected)
– Shortness of breath and chest pain (in rare cases)
•TREATMENT / MEDICATION
-Antibiotic.
-Continuous theraphy about 6-9 months.
-They may include rifampin,isoniazad (INH),ethambutol,
pyrazynmide,and other anti-tuberculosis drugs.You will
need to take them for at least 6 months.

26. Respiratory Problems
CYSTIC
FIBROSIS
also known as mucoviscidosis, is an
autosomal recessive genetic disorder
that affects mostly the lungs but also
the pancreas, liver, and intestine.
Difficulty breathing is the most
serious symptom and results from
frequent lung infections.

27. Cystic Fibrosis
•CAUSES
-A defect in CFTR gene,a gene that makes protein which
controls the movement of water and salt in the cells.The
sticky mucus blocks the air way in the lungs.
•SYMPTOMS
-Has a sticky mucus and salty sweat.
-Persistent cough that produces phlegm.
-Lung infections cause by bacteria.
-Sinusitis,bronchitis,or pneumonia.
-Shortness of breath and wheezing.
-Growths in the nose (nasal polips).
-Poor weight gain ang grow.
-Persistent diarrhea,or bulcky fool-smelling,and greasy
stool.

28. -Pancreatitis.a painful inflamation of the pancreas
-Liver Disease .
-Diabetes.
-Gallstones
•TREATMENT / MEDICATION
-Antibiotics (oral antibiotics),inhaled
intibiotics,intravenous,and azithromycin.
-Exercise
-Chest physical therapy also called chest clapping or
percussion.

29. Respiratory Problems
LUNG CANCER
also known as carcinoma of the lung or
pulmonary carcinoma, is a malignant
lung tumor characterized by
uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of
the lung. If left untreated, this growth
can spread beyond the lung by process
of metastasis into nearby tissue or other
parts of the body.

30. Lung Cancer
•CAUSES
-Abnormalities in the cells that line in the bronchi
due to smoking
•SYMPTOMS
-Chest pain,
-Cough that doesn’t go away.
-Coughing up blood.
-Fatigue.
-Losing weight without trying.
-Loss of appetite.
-Shortness of breath.
-Wheezing

31. .-Bone pain or tenderness.
-Eyelid drooping.
-Facial parlysis.
-Hoarseness/changing voice.
-Joint pain.-Nail problems.
-Shoulder pain.
-Swallowing difficulty.
-Swelling of the face or arms.
-Weakness.
•TREATMENT / MEDICATION
-Surgery
-Chemotheraphy abd radiation thrapy.

32. Respiratory Problems
ASTHMA
is a common chronic
inflammatory disease of the
airways characterized by
variable and recurring
symptoms, reversible airflow
obstruction and
bronchospasm.

33. Asthma
•CAUSES
-Exposure to tobacco smsmoke,polluted air,irritants such
as perfume and cleaning products.
-Allergens such as molds,dust and and animal dander
-Exposure to cold,dry weather.
-Stress
-Exersice or physical exertion
-Abrupt changes in the weather
-Lack of Exercise.
•Symptoms
-Frequent cough,especially at night
-Losing your breath
-Feeling very tired or weak when exercising.

34. •Symptoms
-Wheezing or coughing after exercise
-Sneezy,runny nose,cough,nasal congestion,
sore throat,and headache
-Trouble in sleeping
•Treatment / Medication
-Live an active,normal life
-Anti-inflammatories
-Bronchodilators

35. Respiratory Problems
PNEUMONIA
is an inflammatory
condition of the lung
affecting primarily the
microscopic air sacs
known as alveoli.

36. Pneumonia
•CAUSES
-Bacteria,virus,or fungi living in the nose,sinuses,or
mouth may spread to the lungs.
-Breathing some of these germs directly into the lungs.
-Breathing in (inhale) food,liquids,vomit or fluids from
the mouth into the lungs.
•Symptoms
-Cough,in some cases may be greenish or yellow
mucus,or even bloody mucus.
-Fever,which may be high or mild
-Shaking chills
-Shortness of breath
-Confusion,especially in older people.

37. -Excess sweating and clammy skin
-Headache
-Loss of apetite,low energy,and fatigue
•Symptoms
-Fluids and antibiotics in your veins
-Oxygen therapy
-Breathing treatments (possibly)
-Antibiotics help some people with pneumonia get better.
-Take the medicine until it’s gone,even if you start to feel better
-Do not take cough medicine or cold medicine unless your doctor
prescribe it.
-Breathing warm moist air helps loosen the sticky mucus that
may make you feel like you are choking
-Place a warm,wet wash cloth loosely over your nose and mouth
-Fill a humidifier with warm water and breath in the warm mist

38. -Take a couple of deep breathas 2 or 3 times every hour.Tap your
chest gently a few times a day and lie with your chest.
-Drink water,juice,or weak tea at least 6 – 10 cups a day
-Do not drink alcohol
Get plenty rest.

39. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM