Sketches and views

1. THE
REPRESENTATI
ON OF
OBJECTS

2. Representing objects
 Graphic representation is a form of
communication.
 It provides us with images of objects, pieces,
installations, buildings…
Representation on objects

3. Representing objects
 To make drawings, we must follow some established
rules.
Representation on objects

4. Representing objects
 Technical drawing is the graphic representations
of objects that follows some established rules.
Representation on objects

5. Representing objects
 We are analysing different types of
representations:
Representation on objects
 Free hand drawings and
those created using drawing
tools.
 Drawings using views or
using perspectives
Views
Perspective
With
drawing
tools
Free hand

6. Sketch
A sketch is an initial drawing which shows the
fundamental elements of a design and reflects its
main concept
Free hand drawing
 A sketch is created only
with a pencil, we don´t
have to use rulers or
other drawing tools.

7. Diagram
A diagram is a sketch with more specific
information, such as measurements, materials,
colours, ways of connecting the pieces…
Free hand drawing
 Like a sketch it´s created
only with a pencil, we
don´t have to use rulers
or other drawing tools.
Pine wood
Dowel
Half
lap

8. When you draw sketches…
Free hand drawing
 Use the appropriate pencil. A medium one is
a good option.
 Before you start sketching, practice some
hand movements to “warm up” your hand.
For example, draw circles or horizontal lines.
tips

9. When you draw sketches…
Free hand drawing
 In the beginning steps, don’t press down too
hard. Use light, smooth strokes for sketching.
 Avoid lifting your pencil and use overlapping
lines.
tips

10. When you draw sketches…
Free hand drawing
 Don't be afraid to use the eraser.
 Too many sketch lines on a drawing makes it
look like awful.
 Going over the same line many times can make
it dark and hard to erase if you decide it's
wrong.
 Be careful not to wrinkle the paper.
 And don´t forget to clean your paper from the
rubber scraps; they make your design looks
dirty.
tips

11. When you draw sketches…
Free hand drawing
 Pay attention to primary shapes. All objects
are made up of a combination of the basic
shapes (square, circle, triangle, etc.). Look
for these shapes in your subject, and sketch
these ones first.
tips

12. Do you dare with it?
Free hand drawing
Let´s try

13. Let´s try
Free hand drawing

14. Let´s try
Free hand drawing

15. Let´s try
Free hand drawing

16. Let´s try
Free hand drawing

17. Let´s try
Free hand drawing

18. Let´s try
Free hand drawing

19. Let´s try
Free hand drawing

20. Let´s try
Free hand drawing

21. Views
A view is the draw of
an object from an specific
angle
Views
 Objects can also be represented using
VIEWS

22. Views
Views
 Imagine an empty room with the walls and
floor at perfect right angles.
 In technical drawing, we´ll call them projection
planes, vertical, horizontal and lateral plane

23. Views
Views
 Imagine an object placed in a corner with its
edges parallel to the walls.

24. Views
Views
 If you are positioned in front of each of these
planes and look straight ahead at the object,
you´ll be able to draw the surfaces visible in each
plane.

25. Views
Views
 Each of these representations is called the
orthogonal projection or view

26. Views
The main VIEWS of an object are:
 It´s the view from the front of the object
 It´s represented in the vertical plane
 It´s the most representative view of the
object
FRONT
VIEW

27. Views
The main VIEWS of an object are:
 It´s the view from above of the object, as
though we were flying over it
 It´s represented in the horizontal plane.
OVERHEAD
VIEW

28. Views
The main VIEWS of an object are:
 It´s the view from the side. There is a right
side and a left side, but we usually draw the
left one.
 It´s represented in the lateral plane.
SIDE VIEW

29. Views
 The three planes can be extended by cutting
the horizontal and the lateral plane and
rotating it 90º in relation to the vertical plane.

30. Views
 So, we´ll draw the views in this position:

31. Views
Be careful with the dimensions of the three views:
 The front and side views are the
same height.
 The front and overhead views are
the same widht.
 The overhead and side views are the
same depth.