Dezyne E'cole College. www.dezyneecole.com

1. Foundation
Design
Kriti Tolani
2nd Year Diploma in Fashion Design
NSQF Level 6 Of NSDC

2. Project Report
on
Foundation Design
At
Dezyne E’cole College
Submitted to
Dezyne E’cole College
Toward The Partial Fulfillment of the
Two Year Diploma in Fashion Design
By
Kriti Tolani
NSQF Level 6, NSDC
Dezyne E’cole College
2017-18

3. Dezyne E’cole College
Civil Lines, Ajmer
www.dezyneecole.com
This Project Of Ms. Kriti Tolani Student Of 2nd Year Advance Diploma In Fashion Design, Confirming To
NSQF Level 6 Of NSDC Has Been Checked And Graded As __________________________________
Thanking You
Principal [Seal & Signature]
Thanks
Principal
[Seal & Signature]

4. I am Kriti Tolani student of 2nd year diploma Fashion Technology of Dezyne E’cole College, would Like to express my
gratitude to each and every person who has contributed in stimulating suggestions and encouragement which really help
me to coordinate in finishing my project.
I also thank Dezyne E’cole College who provided insight and expertise that greatly assisted the project also a special
thanks to my teachers, Parents and colleagues who have supported me at every step. Not to forget the almighty who
blessed me with good health because of which I worked more efficiently and better.
Kriti Tolani
2nd Year Diploma In Fashion Design
NSQF Level 6, NSDC
Acknowledgement

5. Content 3
5
1
2
4
Elements Of Design
Moroccan Pattern
Islamic Pattern
Tracery
Principle Of Design

6. In this Project, I have showcased my work and my learning which I have learnt in Foundation Basics during my
2nd year in Dezyne E’cole College.
In this subject, I studied about Elements Of Design. The Elements of Design are the fundamental components
of any design composition. They are required to be arranged as components for creating design composition. I
got knowledge of Point, various types of Lines and their usage in a garment, I learnt to construct basic Shapes
and using these shapes I have created Patterns and Forms such as square is used to make cube. I have learnt
and constructed Moroccan Pattern, Islamic Pattern, Tracery and Gothic window. I also learnt about Colour,
texture and all the other elements of design.
After this I studied about Principles Of Design. The Principle of Design ascertain the manner in which the
constituents (elements of design) are organised to create a framework for Design. Principles of design are used
to arrange the elements of design within a design composition. I learnt how to use Scale factor and Proportion in
a garment, How to repeat elements in Graded manner, how to create Rhythmic effect, how to create Balance
and how to unify all the elements to show Unity in a garment.
All the above mentioned work is in my subsequent pages.
Synopsis

7. Introduction
Design
Design as the “purposeful arrangement of the elements in a creative work or process”. The aim of Design is to
unify functions and aesthetics in a harmonious whole. The root of the word ‘design’ is ‘disegnare’ (French)
which means ‘to create’ or ‘to make’.
Creativity and originality does matter, it is important but not at the expense of good design. Creative does not
mean different or bold.
Design is about a fresh look, a unique, and an unusual interpretation. Good Design respects our need for the
familiar while still being unique.
Good Design
Good design does not “assemble” or “decorate” arbitrarily. Design is a conscious, logical yet creative activity.
There is a method, a plan, a reason, and a process involved while creating good design.
For creating any design, a designer has to use all his practical knowledge of the basic tools of design. The
designers tools are the ELEMENTS OF DESIGN & PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN.

8. 01
Elements Of Design
The Elements of Design are the fundamental components of any design composition.
01

9. Lights
Decorative
Design
MassVolume
Ornament
Pattern
Value Space
Form
Colour Texture
LinePoint Shape
Structural
Design
Time Plane Structure
Elements of Design

10. Point is the simplest element of design. Dot actually tells the existence of point. It is a mark on the paper which
depends up on the dimension of pencil, pen or with any thing which is used to mark it.
Characteristics
When it is put into a blank space it turns an inactive spaces into a visually active space.
Usage of Points:
• It marks the beginning and ending.
• Dot actually tells the existence of point.
• Lines is created by points.
• It draws attention.
Point

11. Line
Line is element of design characterized as mark with length and direction, created mark by joining points across a surface.
Line by Position:
Vertical lines Horizontal lines Diagonal lines Perpendicular lines Parallel lines Intersecting lines
Line by direction
Converging lines Diverging lines
Types of lines
• Straight lines
• Curve lines
• Composite lines

12. Decoration
Through buttons, fancy
laces, zips.
Usage of line
Lines can be incorporated in varieties of ways in a garment
Prints
Lines in a garment can be
used as prints.
Garment Construction
Through tucks, pleats,
panels, hem lines, yokes.
Structure
Lines in a garment can be in
the Structure such as
through ikkat, tie and dye.

13. Usage of line
Vertical lines in a garment can be used in the Structure or can be used as Decoration. Through tucks, panels, box pleats, knife
pleats, vertical button holes, straight shirt placket, belt loops, pocket lines, rectangular sillhoutte, straight grain.
Pleats Tucks Panels Tucks Belt Loops

14. Yoke Horizontal button hole Peasants Blouse Belt Cross grain
Horizontal lines in a garment can be used in the Structure or can be used as Decoration. Through shoulder midriff yokes,
horizontal button holes, peasants blouse, waist belts, cross grain, stand collar, boarders, hems, frills, midriff yokes.
Usage of line

15. Tucks Pleat Saree pleats Diagonal Hem line Circular Skirt
Diagonal lines in a garment can be used in the Structure or can be used as Decoration. Through kick pleat, saree pleat, bias grain,
circular skirt, pocket lines, hems can be diagonal also, godet skirt, gores skirt, flounce, A-line silhouette.
Usage of line

16. Shape
When a line crosses itself or intersects with other lines forming an enclosed figure, a shape is formed. Thus
shape is an element of design, which is defined by its closed contours. It is an area with definite outline and a
visible appearance and structure. Shapes are two dimensional figure.
Organic Shapes:
Free flowing, informal and
irregular shapes are termed
as organic shapes. These
shapes from natural are
extensively used in lifestyle
products.
Geometric Shapes:
Rigid, precise in nature and
regular shapes are termed
as geometric shapes.
Some examples of geometric
shapes are beehive, spider
web etc.
Abstract shapes:
Whenever an original shapes
is modified change its
character, the new changed
shape is called an
Abstract Shapes.

17. Shapes created using
compass and ruler.

18. Shapes created using
compass and ruler.

19. A pattern is referred to the repetition of point, line, shape or of any motif. It can be in various forms. Such as
pattern can be formed by regular repetition, irregular repetition, alternate repetition, inverted repetition. When
we repeat any shape or motif, it develops a new shape.
Shape Pattern

20. Drafted on Corel Draw
Drafted by hand

21. Drafted on Corel Draw
Drafted by hand

22. Drafted on Corel Draw
Drafted by hand

26. 01
Moroccan Pattern
02

28. Drafted on Corel Draw
Drafted by hand

29. Drafted on Corel Draw
Drafted by hand

30. Drafted on Corel Draw
Drafted by hand

31. Drafted on Corel Draw
Drafted by hand

32. Drafted on Corel Draw
Drafted by hand

33. Drafted on Corel Draw
Drafted by hand

34. Form
Form is a shape that is three-dimensional. It can be viewed from any angles. It has an definite outline with a
visible appearance and structure.
For example: when we hold a basketball, we are aware of their curves, angles, indentations, extensions, and
edges - their forms.
Shape-Square
Form-Cube
Shape-Rectangle
Form-Cuboid

36. Prism
Light
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Indigo
Violet
• Visibility of any colour is a basic property of life. When light strikes a surface certain wavelength are
absorbed and others are reflected by its pigment or colouring matter. That’s why we see colour or this could
be a reason why we see colours differently at different times.
• When light shines on an object some colors bounce off the object and others are absorbed by it. Our eyes
only see the colors that are bounced off or reflected.
• When white light is passes through prism, it breaks into seven colors- Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow,
Orange, Red.
.
These are the colors of the spectrum

37. Colour
It is the most important element of design, as whatever we see will not evoke any emotion in the absence of colour.
Usage of colours:
• Enhance visual appearance
• Obstructing visual continuity
• Attracting attention
• Creating contrast or blend
• Softening or hardening of forms
• Evoking emotional spaces
Dimension of color
There are three properties of color which may be called the dim-
ension of color and which are just as distinct from one another
as the length, Breadth, and thickness of an object.
1.Their warmth or coolness- HUE
2.Their lightness or darkness- VALUE
3.Their brightness or dullness-INTENSITY
A Color wheel was invented by Sir Isaac Newton.
Primary colors : These are present in original pigments : Red,
Yellow, blue.
Secondary colors: These are formed by mixing two primary
hue:
Tertiary colors: These are formed by mixing one primary and
neighbouring secondary hue
.

38. Colour Schemes
A colour scheme when we use the
tints , tones and shades of any
one colour to design anything.
This colour scheme tends to make
a person appear tall if the persons
height is short.
Monochromatic color scheme
From colour wheel when we take
five colours then it is a
polychromatic colour scheme.
Polychromatic color scheme
A colour scheme when we use the
tints , tones and shades of any
one colour to design anything. This
colour scheme tends to make a
person appear tall if the persons
height is short.
Achromatic color scheme

39. Colour Schemes
From colour wheel when we
take five colours then it is a
polychromatic colour scheme.
Analogous color scheme
In a colour scheme when we
u}”’
se combination of black, whitw,
grey and brown, it is known as
neutral colour scheme.
Neutral color scheme
In a colour scheme when we
use combinations of black,
white, grey and brown along
with one bright colour like red,
orange, blue ets, is accented
neutral colour scheme.
Accented neutral color scheme

40. Colour Scheme
Single comlimentary color scheme
When we select one colour from
the colour wheel with a colour
opposite to it in its complement is
single complementary colour
scheme.
Traid complimentary color scheme
Three colours in the colour wheel
equal distance from each other
forming a triangle is called triad
colour scheme.
Split complimentary color scheme
In Split complimentary colour
scheme we select a hue and find
complementary colour of same
hue. Then select the colour either
from the left or right of that
complementary colour with the
main colour.

41. Value
• It is the dimension of Colour.
• It is the lightness or darkness of colour.
• It is the character which makes light grey different from dark grey.
Tint:
Tint is created by adding white to a
hue (pure colour). It is termed as light
value of a hue. For example, mauve
is a tint of violet, and pink is a tint of
red.
Shade:
Shade is created by adding black to a
hue (pure colour). It is termed as dark
value of a hue. For example, maroon
is a shade of red, and moss green is
a shade of green.

42. Clothing textures are the structure of interwoven fabrics or threads that make up a textile fabric. A garment's
texture relies on the Visual which refers to the perceive look, Tactile which refers to the actual feel of the
surface and Audible which refers to the friction when the fabric rubs over each other. For example: the crisp
rustle of silk. It is the surface quality of an object. It refers to the feel of the fabric.
Usage of texture:
Habberdashery : Buttons, zips, buckles, hooks, chitchat buttons, rivets, Chinese(frog) buttons, loops, elastic,
Velcro.
Texture

43. Time
Fashion is affected by time. There are different dresses for different time.
• There are different dresses for day party and night party.
• There are different dresses for different occasions or festivals.
• There are different dresses for different seasons.
Volume
It refers to all those things which add volume to the garment.
• For example: pocket in a garment, gathers, pleats.
Mass
It is refers to the weight of any dress.
Plane
It refers to the flat surface of any garment. The plane can be soft or rough. For
example, there is a smooth surface of silk and rough surface of jute.
Elements of Design
There are other Elements of Design which also work together with main elements of Design.

44. Ornaments
Embellishing the garment to make it beautiful is
ornamentation. Ornaments refers to the materials
used for ornamentation. It is not in the structure of
the garments.
For example: Swarovski buttons, beads and
sequences.
Space
It is the distance or area between shapes. Actual
space in three-dimension can be empty or filled
with objects.
Positive spaces:
In a composition the filed or solid portion is called
positive spaces.
Negative Spaces:
Spaces around the positive space.
Elements of Design

45. 01
Islamic Pattern
A geometric design constructed with squares and circles to form intricate and complex pattern.
03

52. Islamic Pattern
These Islamic Patterns are made by hand.

53. 01
Tracery (Church Window)The Tracery is the stonework elements that supports the glass in a gothic window.
04

57. Tracery ( Church Window )
These Tracery (Church Window) are by hand.

58. 0105
Principle Of Design
It is used to arrange the elements of design within a design composition.

59. Principle of Design
GradationRhythmBalanceProportion Radiation
RepetitionContrastEmphasis Unity
Principles of Design
The Principle of Design ascertain the manner in which the constituents (elements of design) are organised to
create a framework for Design. Principles of design are used to arrange the elements of design within a design
composition. They are termed as Designer’s tool for design solutions.
Principles of Aesthetic:
The principle of aesthetic constitute an important part of the Aesthetic Values required in fashion design which
are also the determinants of the effect of any design. Aesthetic value and aesthetic judgement both play
important roles in the success of any design.
Aesthetic is mostly perceived as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values, sometimes called
judgements of sentiment and taste.
Harmony

60. Proportion
Proportion is the comparative
relationships between distances,
sizes amounts, degrees and parts.
It can be applied to one
dimensional lines, two-dimensional
shapes or three- dimensional forms.
The main idea of proportion is “in
relation to”. Sometimes, a single
part of a body may seems to be
“well proportioned”, but if its size or
shape is consistent with the rest of
figure, the whole figure still seems
to be out of proportion. Basically,
the proportion in fashion design is
the size relationship of each of the
internal spaces within a garments to
one another and to the whole
design.
Sleeves are too large for the size of skirt Sleeves are Balanced by a longer skirt

61. Golden rectangle
It states that:
A golden rectangle is rectangle whose
length are in the golden ratio, which is
the greek letter phi approximately
1.618.
1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89……………...
This sequence was given by Leonardo
Fibonacci which states that each
number is the sum of previous two
numbers.

62. Rhythm
In fashion design, rhythm is the
flow of lines, shapes, texture and
colours of garment. The flow
should gently carry the eyes from
one area of the garment to another.
When all the lines of an outfit work
well together, a sense of rhythm is
obvious.
The use of rhythm is important in
achieving pleasing effect. Rhythm
in design results repeating lines
and masses. These repetitions can
be either of uniform size or of
decreasing size. Referring to the
sample shown below, the rhythmic
pattern can be generated by
superimposing scales. Clearing,
rhythm can create a powerful
effect, whether it is achieved by the
repetition of regular features, by
motifs on printed fabrics or by
gradual change of size of colour.
The Rhythm effect is
demonstrated in this illustration,
with this shape by repeating it
regularly.
It is taking eyes from shoulder to
hem line.

63. Radiation
Radiation is the use of design
lines that fan out from a pivotal
point. Based upon the sunburst
effect, the eyes move from
central point of the sunburst to
the outer area of the design. The
following blouses demonstrate
the effect.
There are various types of
Radiations:
• It could be one directional,
like saree pleats,
• It could be two directional,
like gathers,
• It could be in all direction, like
sunburst.
In this illustration, it is radiating
in one direction. Lines being
radiating from shoulder, That is,
the viewer is firstly attracted to
the shoulder, and then the
waist.

64. Contrast
Contrast is the use of different
colours, textures and shapes. It is
one of the most powerful design
principles, causing the eyes to re-
evaluate the importance of one
area of focus against another. For
example, a blouse is trimmed with
a contrasting colour binding. In
such case, the use of 'Contrast'
relieves the dullness of an all over
effect. Colour catch our attention
and we pay attention to the
features and details that they
frame. Placement of contrasting
features require through
consideration; these contrasting
features than become a focal point.
Contrasts in fabric texture heighten
the effect of each material. One
example is glossy PVC jacket worn
with a muted woolen skirt.
In this illustration, red and black
colours are creating contrasting
effect. These colours are
catching our attention to the
features and details that they
frame.

65. Emphasis
Emphasis is a centre of interest
that draws attention to the focal
point of a garment. This centre of
interest must create more visual
interest that any other design
elements and should be related to
the overall structure of the
garment while the remaining
elements must support this centre
of interest by echoing its design
impact.
A good fashion product should
highlight the importance features
of a body and draw attention away
from a figure’s fault.
Emphasis can be achieved by the
use of lines, details, color,
accents, shapes, trims or
accessories. A combination of
these elements. Gives the focal
point added strength, so does
placing the decorative emphasis
at a structural point.
In this illustration, the bow at
the neck is decorative
emphasis that draws attention
to the focal point of a
garment.

66. Unity
Unity
The repetition of a design element
throughout a garment creates a
sense of unity. Conversely, the
use of too many motifs in one
garment is distracting and
discordant. When a garment has
unity, separate and individual
parts work together to create a
whole. A feeling of togetherness
and oneness are achieved.
For example, the dress indicated
on the left is one that lacks unity.
The tailored seams are
incongruous with the cape on the
top.
Conversely, unity is successfully
achieved on the right side outfit
with tailored seams throughout
the garments.
No unity

67. Balance
Balance is how the internal
spaces of a shape work together.
The surface of a design may be
broken up by structural lines,
trims, fabric patterns, textures or
colours. Balance also refers to
‘visual weight’ in design. A
garment must be balanced to be
visually.
Symmetrical Balance Its design
details are divides equally to
create a centred balance.
Asymmetrical Balance Its
composition is different on each
side. It is often achieved with
diagonal line and off-centred
closings.
The Buttons are
Symmetrically placed.
The skirt features
asymmetrical Hems.

68. Gradation
In this illustration, the t-shirt is
graded from dark pink to light
pink colour thereby the whole
item is attended.
Gradation is the use of a single
colour, shape, size, design detail
and motif. These principles
featured in any gradating pattern
can be done from the darkest to
the lightest tone or from the
smallest to the biggest size,
imparting a rhythmic progression.
The eyes automatically moves
from looking at the darkest to
looking at the lightest tone, or
vice versa thereby the whole
item is attended. Sometimes, a
designer might use a specific
shape for accessories in various
sizes. The gradation of sizes and
shapes will tend to bring the eyes
from looking at one to looking at
the other eventually to looking at
the entire garment.

69. Thank You
Kriti Tolani
2nd Year Diploma in Fashion Design
NSQF Level 6 Of NSDC