Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud’s therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences—and the therapist’s interpretations of them—released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self -insight.

1. The Psychological
Therapies
Sangeeta Didel
Khokhar
2019MSYT008
M.Sc. Yoga Therapy
2nd Semester
Central University of
Rajasthan Ajmer

2. Psycoanalysis
Humanistic Therapies
Behavior Therapies
Congnitive Therapies
Group and Family Therapies
Types of psycotherapy
> Most of these techniques can be used one-on-one or in groups.

3. Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud’s therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient’s
free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences—and the therapist’s
interpretations of them—released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient
to gain self -insight.
Psychodynamic:
Psychodynamic therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views
individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that
seeks to enhance self-insight.

4. Through psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud and his students aimed to help people
gain insight into the unconscious origins of their disorders, to work through the
accompanying feelings, and to take responsibility for their own growth.
Techniques included free association, dream analysis, and interpretation of
resistances and transference to the therapist of long -repressed feelings.

Contemporary psychodynamic therapy has been influenced by traditional
psychoanalysis but is briefer and less expensive.
It focuses on a patient’s current conflicts and defenses by searching for themes
common to many past and present important relationships.
Interpersonal therapy (a brief 12- to 16-session form of psychodynamic therapy)
deals primarily with current symptoms (such as depression) rather than the origins
of unconscious conflicts.

5. The humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses
techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic
environment to facilitate clients’ growth. (Also called person-centered therapy.)
The humanistic perspective has emphasized people’s inherent potential for self
- fulfillment.
Not surprisingly, humanistic therapists aim to boost self -fulfillment by helping
people grow in self -awareness and self –acceptance.
Active Listening echoing, restating, and seeking clarification of what the person
expresses (verbally or nonverbally) and acknowledging the expressed feelings.
Active listening is now an accepted part of therapeutic counseling practices in
many schools, colleges, and clinics.
Humanistic Therapies

6.  Humanistic therapists have focused on clients’ current conscious feelings and on
their taking responsibility for their own growth.
Carl Rogers’ client-centered therapy proposed that therapists’ most important
contributions are to function as a psychological mirror through active listening and
to provide a growth-fostering environment of unconditional positive regard,
characterized by genuineness, acceptance, and empathy.
The humanistic and psychoanalytic therapies are known as insight therapies.

7. counter conditioning
A behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new
responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure
therapies and aversive conditioning.
Behavior therapy
Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted
behaviors.
 One cluster of behavior therapies derives from principles developed in Pavlov’s
early twentieth -century conditioning experiments.
As Pavlov and others showed, we learn various behaviors and emotions through
classical conditioning.

8. Exposure therapies:
Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by
exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid.
Systematic desensitization:
A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with
gradually increasing anxiety -triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.
Virtual reality exposure therapy:
An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their
greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.
Aversive conditioning:
a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as
nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol).

9. Behavior therapists do not attempt to explain the origin of problems or to
promote self -awareness. Instead, they attempt to modify the problem
behaviors themselves. Thus, they may countercondition behaviors through
exposure therapies, such as systematic desensitization, virtual reality exposure
therapy, or aversive conditioning. Or they may apply operant conditioning
principles with behavior modification techniques, such as token economies.

10. Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on
the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.
cognitive-behavior therapy :
A popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating
thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior).
Cognitive therapy for eating disorders aided by journaling .
Cognitive therapists guide people toward new ways of explaining their good and bad
experiences. By recording each day’s positive events and how one enabled them, for
example, people may become more mindful of their self-control.
Cognitive Therapy

11. The cognitive therapies, such as Aaron Beck’s cognitive therapy for depression, aim
to change self -defeating thinking by training people to look at themselves in new,
more positive ways.
The widely researched and practiced cognitive-behavior therapy also helps clients
to regularly practice new ways of thinking and talking.

12. Group and Family Therapies
Family therapy:
 Therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual’s unwanted
behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members.
This type of therapy often acts as a preventive mental health strategy.
The therapist helps family members understand how their ways of relating to one
another create problems.
The treatment’s emphasis is not on changing the individuals but on changing their
relationships and interactions.

13. Group therapy sessions can help more people and cost less per person than
individual therapy would.
 Clients may benefit from knowing others have similar problems and from getting
feedback and reassurance.
Family therapy views a family as an interactive system and attempts to help
members discover the roles they play and to learn to communicate more openly and
directly.

14. Comparison of a Sample of Major Psychotherapies

15. Thank You