The Production and consumption of culture
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This document contains information about a student named Gausvami Surbhi A. who is submitting a paper on cultural studies for their English department. It includes details like their semester, paper number, name of the professor, enrollment number, email, roll number, and batch year. The document then discusses several definitions and concepts related to culture, popular culture, and elite culture, and how power influences which cultural meanings and views are considered valid or invalid.
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Matthew Arnold's concept of culture is defined as pursuing perfection through knowledge of the best ideas and works in the world. This allows one to develop fresh perspectives beyond existing habits. Culture aims for harmonious perfection by developing all aspects of humanity and society. The pursuit of culture and perfection seeks "sweetness and light" - the union of beauty and intelligence. Greatness is a spiritual condition of inspiring love, interest and admiration. Overall, culture is an endless process of expanding knowledge and wisdom to work towards perfection.
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This document provides an overview of 10 topics covered in GSET coaching lectures for paper 2 English literature. It focuses on the topic of cultural studies, defining it as an interdisciplinary field that studies the politics, sociology, history and more behind literary texts. The history and origins of cultural studies are discussed, including its emergence from liberal humanism, orthodox Marxism, and as a form of new left Marxism in the 1950s. Key figures who helped establish and popularize cultural studies are mentioned, such as Richard Hoggart, Raymond Williams, and Stuart Hall. The goals of cultural studies are identified as being politically engaged, transcending disciplines, denying separations between high and low culture, and analyzing cultural production.
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This document discusses Stuart Hall's circuit model of communication and culture. It explains that culture involves shared meanings that are circulated through media. Hall's circuit model shows how cultural meaning is generated and shaped at five moments: representation, identity, production, consumption, and regulation. The model also emphasizes that meaning is context-dependent and can vary between creator, text, and audience. Examples are provided to illustrate how representations can take on different meanings in different cultural contexts.
Four Goals of Cultural Studies
Ravi Rajyaguru submitted a paper on cultural studies to the Department of English at Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University. The paper discusses the four main goals of cultural studies: 1) it takes an interdisciplinary approach that crosses traditional boundaries; 2) it scrutinizes cultural phenomena and draws conclusions about changes over time; 3) it is politically engaged and questions inequalities in power structures; and 4) it denies separating high and low or elite and popular culture.
Culture industry
The document discusses the concept of the "culture industry" developed by Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer. They argue that the culture industry produces meaningless, mass-produced entertainment that deceives masses by creating illusions and stereotypes and manufacturing desire for commodities. Key aspects of their theory are that it emphasizes style over content, promotes pseudo-individuality, encourages passive consumerism, and is closely linked to advertising. Modern criticisms question if it ignores today's diversity and niche markets or the ability of consumers to resist manipulation.
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Culture can be defined as the shared beliefs, values, customs, and artifacts that help a group of people cope with the world and each other. It is transmitted between generations through learning. There are different types of culture, including symbolic, material, social, folk, and political cultures. Acculturation is the process where one cultural group adopts beliefs and behaviors of another dominant group through things like language change and social group membership. Alternative and countercultures exist outside mainstream culture, while subcultures have distinct cultures within a larger culture. Postmodern theorists argue that characteristics of modern societies like universal progress, large corporations, and nation states are declining, while new social movements and diversified small companies are on the rise.
Culture
Culture can be defined in several ways. It encompasses the characteristics and knowledge of a group, including language, religion, cuisine, social habits, arts, beliefs, and institutions. Culture is shared within a society and provides traditions and practices that are learned and passed down between generations. It is dynamic and constantly changing as societies adapt over time to new ideas and conditions.
Culture and Education
This document discusses the relationship between culture and education. It defines culture as shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors transmitted between generations through learning. Education is seen as both a formal type of culture and as the means through which culture is preserved, refined, and enriched over time. The major aims of education are to impart cultural heritage and help cultural change and transmission from one generation to the next. Culture influences education by determining its aims and objectives and the relationship between teachers and students. Both culture and education facilitate individual adjustment in society and development of high social, moral, and spiritual values.
Paper : 8 : Cultural Studies
Cultural studies has some limitations, including a lack of adequate cultural knowledge, difficulty defining culture, and missing reality. It can seem merely intellectual. Cultural studies focuses on how culture interacts but may lack the "deep play of meaning" or "thick description" seen in ethnographic studies. Additionally, cultural studies focuses on popular media and culture rather than works originally intended for elite discussion. While cultural studies addresses many topics, it may fail to discuss "imperishable values."
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- 1. Name: Gausvami Surbhi A. Sem: 2 Paper: Cultural studies Paper No: 8 Submitted to: Dr. Dilip Barad, Department of English MKBU university Enrollment No: 2069108420170008 Email id: gausvamisurbhi17@gmail.com Roll No: 24 Batch year: 2016-18
- 3. “Culture refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notion of time, concepts of universe, acquired by group of people.” “Culture is communication and communication is the culture” “Culture is generally considered to be the tradition of people that are transmitted from generation to generation”
- 6. Culture is the mode of generating meanings and ideas This ‘mode’ is negotiation over which meanings are valid. Meanings are governed by power relationship. Elite culture controls the meanings. Non-elite views on the life and art are rejected as ‘testless’ or ‘useless’.
- 7. Culture is not natural thing but it is produced The production and consumption of culture is linked to: (1) Matters of class (2) Matters of economy (3) Matters of representation
- 8. (1) Made (2) Marketed (3) Consumed
- 9. Popular culture is the way of life in which and by which the dominant society lives. Ray Brown: “ Popular culture is the everyday culture of a group, large or small of people” Popular culture is the voice of the people, their practice, likes and dislikes, the lifeblood, of their daily existence” Popular culture is the culture of masses.
- 10. Elite culture is related to power. “ power is the ability to make others do what you would them to do” Way of life is culture who is in power. “ who decide that Shakespeare must be read but not Chetan Bhagat” “Father of nation” ‘National song, national flag, power politics’
- 11. Physical Force Wealth State action Social norms Ides Numbers
Editor's Notes
- ration