This document defines post-colonialism and discusses some of its main concepts. Post-colonialism emerged in the 1970s in response to Western colonial subjugation in the Third and Fourth World. It examines the effects of colonial practices on literary productions in formerly colonized societies. Some key post-colonial concepts discussed include mimicry, hybridity, orientalism, and universalism. The document also analyzes power dynamics between colonizers and colonized groups as depicted in the novel A Passage to India.
My presentation of Literary Theories and Criticism: Background and context Theory. In my presentation, i discuss the brief overview of the term 'PostColonialism'.
Postcolonial in Black Skin and White MaskSagar Ladhva
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Is an intellectual direction that exists since around the middle of the 20th century.
It developed from and mainly refers to the time after colonialism.
The post-colonial direction was created as colonial countries became independent.
A theory on and lens for life after foreign rule.
My presentation of Literary Theories and Criticism: Background and context Theory. In my presentation, i discuss the brief overview of the term 'PostColonialism'.
Postcolonial in Black Skin and White MaskSagar Ladhva
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Is an intellectual direction that exists since around the middle of the 20th century.
It developed from and mainly refers to the time after colonialism.
The post-colonial direction was created as colonial countries became independent.
A theory on and lens for life after foreign rule.
Edward Said's contribution in postcolonial studies. Anti-Semitism and Anti Muslim sentiment both derived from the same source that is Orientalism and goes in hand in hand with.
Rabindranath Tagore's views on Nationalism and Patriotism were far ahead of his time. Today also his views are very relevant. He was able to see the dangers of hyper-nationalism and patriotism. It may stand against humanity. He feared that national will replace human beings. His views of Japan's economic rise and military aggression.
This was webinar presentation. The event was organised by a college in north Karnataka.
In post colonial studies some of the Indian theorists has contributed very well. In this presentation I gave short information about them and their work.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasnât one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesarâs dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empireâs birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empireâs society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar âDigital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?â on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus âManaging screen time: How to protect and equip students against distractionâ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective âStudents, digital devices and successâ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2. DEFINITION
1
ï± Post-colonialism (or Postcolonialism) is the outlook and studies as
responses to colonial subjugation of European or Western to Third
and Fourth-world that emerged in 70âs.
ï± However, itâs not only talking about Western colonial subjugation but
also various reality of injustice, culture and gender domination, sexual
orientation issues, social class, subaltern people experiences, etc.
ï± Thus in literature, it is an interaction and reaction in colonial
societies and the effects of colonial practices on literary
productions.
3. POST-COLONIAL MAIN CONCEPTS
2
MIMICRY
âThe copying of the colonizing culture, behavior, manners and values by the colonized contains both
mockery and a certain âmenaceâ, âso that mimicry is at once resemblance and menaceâ.
(Bhabha 1994:86).
ï± From the theory of Homi K. Bhabha, mimicry is a concept of imitating
coloniserâs behaviors intended to mock which can appear as a parody
in literature. Itâs a sort of anti-colonial movement in literature that
producing social-political works.
ï± Mimicry is a severe criticism as an implement to resist colonization.
The most radical anti-colonial writers often called the âmimic menâ.
4. HYBRIDITY
3
HYBRIDITY
ï± The fusion of two traditions to which create new trans-cultural
elements and produce a double identity that contradicted, as a
colonizer and colonized at the same time.
ï± In literature, it causes ambivalency and confusing whether it is
oppossing or supporting colonialism. Because for whatever,
post-colonial texts suppose to uncontaminated by the
colonialist's concepts.
5. ORIENTALISM
4
ORIENTALISM
â...It is, rather than expresses, a certain will or intention to understand, in some cases to control,
manipulate, even incorporate, what is a manifestly different worldâ
(Said 1978: 12).
ï± In Edward Saidâs book âOrientalismâ it is clear that orientalism is the
project of European/Western for having authority over the orient and
reconstruct in European thinking. In another word, itâs the concept for
dominating, manipulating, exploiting the orient. An interestedness in
Orient world recorded in so many Western texts.
6. UNIVERSALISM / UNIVERSALITY
5
ï Universalism is Eurocentric view that claims their civilizations in
experiences and values are the standard for all humanity.
ï In literature, we are often told that what makes Shakespeare
âgreatâ is his ability to reveal something of âthe universal human
conditionâ. Universalism gives assumption that âEuropeanâ equals
âuniversalâ. Itâs the way of European to elevate their status. That is
why universalism rejected by post-colonialism.
ï Universalism is a strategy of imperialism and colonialism by
saying the âuniversalâ features of humanity are the characteristics
of those who occupy positions of political dominance in this case,
European/Western.
7. 6
ï± Post-colonial is synonym with âpost-independenceâ or the era after
the independence when the colonialists had left the country.
However, their concepts still remain and their practices are still
used up to now.
ï± The concept of ruling class is significant in colonialism. As we see
today in our community, for it is a fact that concept still exists. There
are gaps between the Rich and Poor, the Superior and Inferior, the
Lord and Servant, the Aristocrat and Commoner, or the hegemony
and subaltern. They are two contradict aspects to play the roles as
the âcolonizerâ and âcolonizedâ just like in colonial era. These are
the reasons that gave birth to post-colonial literary productions in
purpose to reject that concept and meant to be the theme of many
post-colonial literary works.
8. METHODS OF ANALYSIS
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In analysis of post-colonial literature is examined:
ïŒ Historical aspect
Trace the history of colonialism and subjugation during the colonial
period. In this case, thereâs always the subject and the object of
colonialism.
ïŒ Physical and psychological aspect
Oppression and intimidation, are the ways to make colonized feel weak,
frightened, devaluate pride, submissive, and obedient to the colonizer.
ïŒ Ideological aspect
In whose perspective it is narrated , colonizer or colonized?
ïŒ Gender aspect
man as colonizer, woman as colonized.
ïŒ Cultural aspect
Domination of a certain culture, including ethnicity, race and religion.
9. Power, Distance, and Stereotyping
Between Colonizer and Colonized in
A Passage to India
10. The colonial occupation of India is significant in
terms of the background of the novel
Indian nationalism began to foment around 1885
with the first meeting of the Indian National
Congress
11. Social distance
ï Ronny does not have faith in the Indian subjects who
come before him in the court of law:
ï âEveryday he worked hard in the court trying to decide
which of two untrue accounts was the less untrue [âŠ]â
(A Passage to India 46).
12. ï (Bhabha 83) Ronnyâs attitude towards the Indian
subjects he comes across in his job shows a combination
of distance and patronization. He does not seem
interested in truly getting involved, and seems to view
the cases that are brought before him as a silly waste of
his time.
13. Another way in which power is gained in A Passage to
India is through social distancing,which denotes a
difference in customs and practices between the
Westerners and Easterners. For example, Indians are not
allowed on the Club premises, which serve as a mini-
England socially and culturally. Although the British live
in India, they do not live with the Indians.
14. Emotional distance
Emotional distancing and the lack of interest in cross-cultural
relations on the British charactersâ side can be seen over and over
again in A Passage to India and is made explicit through the words
of Mr. Turton in a conversation he has with Fielding just after Mr
Turton informs Fielding of Azizâs alleged assault on Adela:
ââI have had twenty-five years' experience of this country [âŠ] and
during those twenty-five years I have never known anything but
disaster result when English people and Indians attempt to be
intimate socially.
Intercourse, yes. Courtesy, by all means. Intimacy â never, neverââ
(A Passage to India 153).
15. Distance and Power in A Passage to India
In A Passage to India this is exemplified when Mrs Turton
displays a distanced, detached attitude at the Bridge Party
upon realizing that some, if not all, of the Indians in her
company speak English: ââThey pass Paris on the way, no
doubt,â said Mrs Turton, as if she was describing the
movements of migratory birds. Her manner had grown
more distant since she had discovered that some of the
group was westernized, and might apply her own
standards to herâ (A Passage to India 38).
16. In A Passage to India the British create a âsceneâ,
which is that of a dominant, superior West ruling
over a weak, submissive East. They carry this
âsceneâ so far as to prosecute Aziz in a court of law
simply because a British woman has made an
accusation against him. The Britâs assumption that
Aziz is guilty is based on their notions that the West
is civilized and the East is barbaric and uncivilized
When Adela confesses that she was not assaulted by
Aziz and drops her charges against him, her British
compatriots are shocked.
17. Power Hierarchies in A Passage to India
ï Turton states to Mrs Moore and Adela at the bridge
party; ââYouâre superior to them,anyway. Donât forget
that. Youâre superior to everyone in India except one
or two of the ranis, and theyâre on an equalityââ (A
Passage to India 38).
18. CONCLUSION
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Post-colonialism realized that even though the colonial era has finished
yet, but the practices have not come to an end and now has turned it face
into neo-colonialism.
In post-colonial perspective, literary works emerged to unveil subjugation,
injustice, violence, discrimination, inequality, to sound the marginal and
subaltern people, so that from post-colonial productions yielded social and
political products.