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Here i am sharing the presentation of African Literature. Topic is "Postcolonial reading of the novels: Things Fall Apart and Tracks"
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Postcolonialism
This document provides an overview and analysis of Chinua Achebe's novel "Things Fall Apart" from a post-colonial perspective. It discusses post-colonialism and its key concepts like hybridity. It summarizes Achebe's response to earlier European novels that depicted Africans negatively. It also analyzes how the novel portrays Igbo society in Nigeria and examines the effects of colonialism on their culture from a native perspective. The document evaluates how colonialism disrupted traditions but also eliminated some harmful cultural practices. It discusses the self-defining nature of the novel for post-colonial writers dealing with issues of cultural identity and hybridity.
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This document provides an overview and analysis of representation of the "Other" in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness and Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart. It discusses how Conrad negatively portrays Africans as savage and primitive, while Achebe aims to correct these distortions by authentically representing Igbo culture. The document also examines Edward Said's concept of Orientalism and how the West constructs knowledge about non-Western societies to justify colonial domination. It argues Achebe writes as a postcolonial intellectual to redeem Africans from the dark image created by colonial assumptions and restore pride in their pre-colonial past.
Introduction to postcolonial studies and african literature
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Presentation 14 african literature
This document discusses the representation of women in African literature. It analyzes the portrayal of female characters in three novels: Things Fall Apart, A Grain of Wheat, and Waiting for the Barbarians. In Things Fall Apart, women have little representation and are portrayed as victims of the culture. A Grain of Wheat depicts women as playing remarkable roles in the rebellion, providing strength and courage. Waiting for the Barbarians features a "Barbarian girl" who symbolizes the colonized and is tortured and used as an object by the male characters. The document concludes that these novels represent women in different ways, from having little presence to being courageous leaders, showing the evolving roles of women in African societies and cultures.
Post colexample
Postcolonialism refers to the period after colonialism and postcolonial literature opposes colonialism. While it generally focuses on racism and its effects, the meaning of postcolonialism is debated. It influences theories around power, resistance, and identity and questions established concepts. An analysis of Jane Eyre that claims it promotes colonialism through Christian imagery and dichotomies of white/black is criticized for jumping to conclusions without considering alternate meanings of symbols like darkness.
Postcolonialism 1
This document provides an overview of key concepts in postcolonialism, including colonialism and decolonization. It discusses how colonialism involved the physical and economic exploitation of colonies. Cultural imperialism spread colonial ideologies and asserted the cultural superiority of the colonizers. Examples discussed include Orientalism and how works like Heart of Darkness portrayed Africa and indigenous people. Decolonization involved independence movements starting in the mid-20th century. Postcolonial resistance includes strategies like separatism, cultural syncretism, recreating histories/identities, and appropriating colonial languages and forms.
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This document provides an overview and analysis of representation of the "Other" in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness and Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart. It discusses how Conrad negatively portrays Africans as savage and primitive, while Achebe aims to correct these distortions by authentically representing Igbo culture. The document also examines Edward Said's concept of Orientalism and how the West constructs knowledge about non-Western societies to justify colonial domination. It argues Achebe writes as a postcolonial intellectual to redeem Africans from the dark image created by colonial assumptions and restore pride in their pre-colonial past.
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This document discusses the representation of women in African literature. It analyzes the portrayal of female characters in three novels: Things Fall Apart, A Grain of Wheat, and Waiting for the Barbarians. In Things Fall Apart, women have little representation and are portrayed as victims of the culture. A Grain of Wheat depicts women as playing remarkable roles in the rebellion, providing strength and courage. Waiting for the Barbarians features a "Barbarian girl" who symbolizes the colonized and is tortured and used as an object by the male characters. The document concludes that these novels represent women in different ways, from having little presence to being courageous leaders, showing the evolving roles of women in African societies and cultures.
Post colexample
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in postcolonialism, including colonialism and decolonization. It discusses how colonialism involved the physical and economic exploitation of colonies. Cultural imperialism spread colonial ideologies and asserted the cultural superiority of the colonizers. Examples discussed include Orientalism and how works like Heart of Darkness portrayed Africa and indigenous people. Decolonization involved independence movements starting in the mid-20th century. Postcolonial resistance includes strategies like separatism, cultural syncretism, recreating histories/identities, and appropriating colonial languages and forms.
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AA 4AASkwarczekEngl. 2310.20 4 December 2017The River Be.docx
AA 4
AA
Skwarczek
Engl. 2310.20
4 December 2017
The River Between
Introduction
The novel ‘The River Between’ is a chronological record of author Ngugi's literary encounter of the Kikuyu's culture and history. The novel gives a historical account of the Gikuyu tribe in the Mount Kenya region of central Kenya between the early ‘20s and ‘30s. Throughout the novel, Ngugi undergoes several significant changes in style and thematic. The author gives a skeletal overview of the native life amongst the ancient Kenyan tribe of the antagonism between modernity and culture. Through Waiyaki the lead protagonist in the novel, the author reveals the idealism and materialism that defined the 19th-century African societies (Thiong’o, 20).
Thesis statement
This paper is a study of the importance of cultural tradition and ritual to the cohesion of a community. It also ponders upon Ngugi’s views about how a community can withstand changes to its traditions caused by external forces.
Supporting evidence and analysis
The turmoil of former British colonies, an example being Kenya, consistently struggle with the themes Ngugi highlighted were evidently present deep into the 21st century. Ngugi highlights the plight of these communities together with the early missionaries input and their impact on societies, including the uproar of female circumcision. “The River Between distills this atmosphere of urgency, self-questioning, and change context set around the time of the push by the British colonial religious infrastructure to eradicate female circumcision” (Thiong’o & Uzodinma, 12). Ngugi through Waiyaki embodies the idea of identity in adherence to the African culture.
In the novel, Waiyaki at a very young age tackles the messianic role of mending the two ridges of both Makuyu and Kameno that separated because of the religious affiliations. “The two ridges lay side by side. One was Kameno, the other was Makuyu. Between them was a valley. It was called the valley of life” (Thiong’o & Uzodinma, 17). One was true to the tribal identities while the other embraced Christianity. The ramifications of the white man and his religious interference to the native life in the ridges acted to increase the wedge between the two ridges separated by river Honia (Thiong’o & Uzodinma, 17). According to Thiong’o, Waiyaki is the new face of change. Waiyaki does not believe in the influence of the white man's religion but believes in the white man's education. The story narrates Waiyaki's failed attempts to combine old traditions with the new educational endeavors.
The novel describes how the arrival of the Whiteman and the subsequent colonization, threatened the very existence of the cultural experience. The colonialists epitomized by the Reverend Livingstone in the novel, judge the people based on their own cultural experiences. Female circumcision in the eyes of the colonialists was evil and backward but according to the Gikuyu, it was what held society together. They equated .
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- 1. Postcolonial reading of the Novels: Things Fall Apart & Tracks Name: Gausvami Surbhi Paper No: 14 Sem:4 Submitted to: Dr. Dilip Barad Department of English MKBU university Enrollment No: 2069108420170008 Roll No: 22 E-mail id: gausvamisurbhi17@gmail.com Batch year: 2016-18
- 2. Colonial Invasion All over the world there are different cultures, and in every culture most people share compatible rules and values. These values make society function and provide its inhabitants with a sense of belonging, and this is one piece in the puzzle of how our identities become both similar and yet unique. what happens when the pressure of change from another society, with contradictory values, is so great that the world as we know it no longer exists?
- 3. Postcolonial Theories Postcolonial theory is a way to critically discuss and analyze literature written by authors from countries that have been former colonies. “it is us against them‟, and with this comes the feeling of a superior/inferior way of life. Robert Young the author of Postcolonialism- an historical introduction claims that "postcolonial theory is always concerned with the positive and the negative effects of the mixing of peoples and cultures”.
- 5. Continue…. Ambivalence: Ambivalence is the experience of having an attitude towards someone or something that contains both positively and negatively valenced components. Mimicry: It appears when members of a colonized society imitate and take on the culture of the colonizers. Hybridity: “That is the situation whereby individuals and groups belong simultaneously to more than one culture (for instance, that of the colonizer, through a colonial school system, and that through local and oral traditions”- Peter Barry
- 8. Ambivalence Things Fall Apart Tracks Okonkwo has strong ‘Chi’ He feels ambivalent towards the people of Igbo Nwoye is confused about his own culture’s customs Nwoye struggles with his emotions whether to be a part of the new church or not. New society Nanapush is a proud stubborn man strong feelings of rejection towards the new government Pauline accepts colonizers’ traditions and customs part of the colonizer’s world
- 9. Mimicry Things Fall Apart Tracks Nwoye tried hard to become the man his father wanted him to be, strong and masculine: “Nwoye knew that it was right to be masculine and to be violent, but somehow he still preferred the stories that his mother used to tell” Christian religion and Missionaries imitated by Igbo society Pauline has problems finding her place in life- her struggle to become someone of importance. Pauline decides to become a nun she tries hard to get salvation. Nanapush on the other hand dislikes a person who mimics the colonizer’s way.
- 10. Hybridity Things Fall Apart Tracks Title “Hybridity is the perplexity of the living as it interrupts the representation of the fullness of life” the missionaries and government bring new rules Nwoye becomes a part of the villagers’ adaption to the colonizer’s way. Enoch gained new position forced to adapt to another government is something that Nanapush regards to be wrong and the “storm of papers‟ are the new rules and laws that he and his people need to live under. Pauline finds the Catholic faith to be stronger and she becomes a nun. Her change in personality makes her unstable and hybrid.
- 11. Works Cited Achebe, Chinua.Things Fall Apart.William Heinemann Ltd., 1958. Erdrich, Louise.Tracks. Henry Holt & Co., 1988. Olsson, Monica. "Colonial Legacies- Ambivalence, mimicry and hybridity in Chinua Achebe’s." (2010).