Uploaded for class discussion only. References: Textbooks: The Filipino Odyssey Philippines Pride The Philippines in Our Modern World Our Nation, Our World Online Articles: Martial Law Stories young people need to hear https://anywhereiwander.com/2016/05/26/neveragain-martial-law-stories-young-people-need-to-hear/ Youtube Videos/ Documentaries : Millennials Find Out the Truth from the Youth of Martial Law https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KSI75PtrLg Martial Law: The Good and the Bad https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-K413YVTk4 Lifting of Martial Law https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bMJeNqSHfw Pros and Cons of Martial Law https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uubo1QEvDY0 Proclamation 1081 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWu46IyLKwI

1. The Philippines
Under Martial Law
Proclamation 1081
Life changed when President Marcos
placed the Philippines under Martial Law.
September 21, 1972

2. military controlling the country
soldiers are order to control people
power is turnover to military
setting of direct military control of civilians
in response to an invasion or major disasters
strict implementation of the law
crimes are everywhere
made President Marcos powerful
a powerful law that can suppress
current laws
tortured for wrong doings
no going out
quarantine
President Marcos stabilizing the law
curfew and less crimes
Military Government

3. Lesson Objectives:
1. Analyze the problems and challenges to the
independence and nationhood of the
Filipinos under Martial Law.
2. Discuss the people’s negative response that
led to the formation of groups against
martial rule.
3. Discover and describe the experiences of
some specific people during the martial law
period.
4. Weigh the pros and cons of martial law.

4. Salient Points
Events that led to the declaration of Martial
Law
General laws and policies implemented
Reactions and response of people
Results of Martial Law
Reasons ending Martial Law

5. Events that led to the Declaration
of Martial Law

6. A. Emergence of the Leftist
Groups

7. A. Emergence of the Leftist Groups
 Communist Party of the
Philippines (CPP)
 New People’s Army
 Moro National
Liberation Front

8. B. Worsening of Peace and Order
Problems

9. B. Worsening of Peace and Order
Problems
Students including
teachers and workers
from different
universities held rallies
which eventually
became frequent and
ended in bloody
encounters.

10. C. The Plaza Miranda Bombing

11. C. The Plaza Miranda Bombing
 At Plaza Miranda in
Quiapo, Manila, the
Liberal Party held a
Miting de Avance to
announce the group’s
candidates for the
senatorial elections.
 In the middle of the
event, a grenade
exploded on the stage
where the candidates
were seated.

12. D. The Suspension of Writ of Habeas
Corpus

13. D. The Suspension of Writ of Habeas
Corpus
 Because of the civil
unrest, President
Marcos declared
Proclamation No. 889
which suspended the
privilege of writ of
habeas corpus (the
right of the citizen to
be tried fairly in court
upon arrest)

14. Events that led to the Declaration of
Martial Law
A. Emergence of the Leftist Groups
B. Worsening of Peace and Order
Problems
C. The Plaza Miranda Bombing
D. The Suspension of Writ of Habeas
Corpus

15. General Laws and Policies
Implemented Under Martial Law

16. 1. Implementation of curfew hours, from 12
am to 4 AM in the morning.
2. Ban on rallies, demonstrations and strikes.
3. Government control over newspapers and
radio and television stations to screen
news.
4. Suspension of overseas work for Filipinos,
except mission set by the government.
5. Death sentence for anyone caught carrying
firearms without permission.

17. Response of the Filipinos to Martial
Law
Filipinos had mixed reactions to Martial Law.

18. “The Golden
Years of
Philippine
History”

19. According to World Bank Data (1980), the
Philippines’ Gross Domestic Product quadruples.
(GDP measures the value of all final goods and
services produced in an economy in a given
period of time, usually a quarter or a year.)
Also with active military during this time they
was a decrease in crime rates such as murder,
stealing and other crimes are rarely done
because of armies visible everywhere.
And the whole country became extremely
disciplined due to the curfew observed where
those who won’t obey are given disciplinary
actions.

20. • Behind the good things that the government
demonstrated were numerous problems that
became the root of social and economic
crises.
• Despite the national progress that the
government proudly showed off, a large
percentage of the population continued living
in poverty, while Marcos and family lived
lavishly.

21. “The Darkest
Chapter of
Philippine History”

22. WHY?
Citizen’s rights were suspended and imposed
military authority
Arrest and killing of Marcos’ political enemies
Marcos shutting down of media
Government taking over the running public
services and utility (PLDTC, Meralco)
many vigilantes and mysterious crimes are
happening
Fear reigned in the hearts of the Filipinos

23. RESULTS OF MARTIAL LAW

24. Perhaps if people would only
look at the proclamations,
decrees, rules, projects and
programs of Marcos during
Martial Law period, they would
say that his way of running the
country was excellent. Maybe all
Filipinos would say that
Marcos’s decision to place the
nation under Martial Law was
just.

25. However, if we examine the
real events that took place
as described in the writings
and testimonies of witnesses
we would make an entirely
different statement.

26. Based on the study of the
critics, here are some of the
positive and negative
outcomes brought by Martial
Law. . . .

27. POSITIVE EFFECTS

28. Rice supply in the Philippines became
sufficient.
The agricultural and economic industries
flourished.
Movement of communism was controlled.
Infrastructure projects were undertaken all
over the country.

29. Strong partnership with more countries,
either they are communist or democratic
Public schools, hospitals and health centers
were built.
Housing projects for the poor
Filipino culture was given attention and
valued.

30. NEGATIVE EFFECTS

31. Nepotism spread in the country (the practice
among those with power or influence of
favoring relatives or friends, especially by giving
them jobs.)
Corruption in the government rose.
People were not informed about the
corruption taking place in the government
because newspapers, radio and television
stations were shutdown.

32. Operations of public facilities and important
industries ceased.
Human rights were suppressed.
Political prisoners and accused were tortured
and killed.

33. End of Martial Law
PROCLAMATION NO 2045
LIFTING OF MARTIAL LAW

34. Factors contributed to the end of
Martial Law
• People became aware of the human rights
violations.
• The media controlled by the president and his
cronies failed to cover up the worsening state
of poverty and hunger experienced by a lot of
Filipinos.

35. Factors contributed to the end of
Martial Law
• Intensified movements of New People’s Army
and Moro National Liberation Front to fight
the oppressive government.
• Socially aware students brought back student
councils once more and called the return of
freedom of expression.
• Other sectors of society started to fight the
Marcos Administration.

36. Write True or False
1. The Communist Party of the Philippines was
established to fight and defend the country
from foreign invasion.
2. President Marcos suspended the Writ of
Habeas Corpus after the bombing that
happened in Plaza Miranda.
3. The Writ of Habeas Corpus gives the accused
the right for investigation process.

37. 4. During Martial Law, all forms of media were
closed and place in strict censorship if allowed
to open.
5. At first people welcomed Martial Law because
citizens became disciplined.
6. Teachers who taught about communism were
imprisoned during the martial rule.
7. The Philippines could be considered a
democratic country during Martial Law.

38. 8. The system and practice of nepotism became
widespread during the Marcos regime.
9. Filipino culture was given attention and
valued during martial rule.
10. The Philippines was under Martial law for
over eight years.
11. The Nacionalista Party gathered in Quaipo,
Manila when a bombing happened in Plaza
Miranda.

39. 12. The rice supply in the Philippines became
sufficient during the first years of the
implementation of Martial Law.
13. Despite the national progress that the
government proudly showed off, a large
percentage of the population continued living in
poverty.
14. The ultimate goal of the Moro National
Liberation Front was to overthrow President
Marcos from his presidency.

40. 15. Despite the government’s prohibition, other
sectors of society fought the Marcos
Administration.
16. People perceived and responded to
President Marcos and his way of governing the
country differently.
17. Traveling and working abroad was allowed
during Martial Law to stabilize the value of peso.

41. 18. The Philippines was not able to establish a
good relationship to communist countries.
19. The Marcos administration gave more
attention to improving the physical state of the
country, which resulted in the construction of
many infrastructure projects.
20. Martial Law was lifted after its 10-year
implementation.

42. Put a happy face  if you agree to the situation and
sad face  of you disagree. Give your reason for your
choice.
____1. It was necessary to declare Martial Law to
combat the worsening peace and order in the
Philippines.
____2. Arrest the student leaders and labor activists
who staged demonstrations and rallies.
____3. Join rallies to show protests on some
government policies that you think are not right.
____4. Join community activities done by the
barangay leaders.
____5. All of the powers of the government should
be handled by the president.

43. ____6. Anyone caught carrying firearms without
permission should be sentenced to death.
____7. The government should prioritize the
problem of poverty in the Philippines.
____8. The practice of nepotism or favoring a
family or friend first in terms of jobs should be
allowed.
____9. Filipino culture should be given attention by
the government and its citizens.
____10. All citizens must render their personal,
military or civil service in cases of invasion and
rebellion in the country.