The document discusses key events and developments during the American colonial period and Commonwealth period in the Philippines. It describes the establishment of the Philippine Assembly in 1907, accomplishments under Manuel Quezon's leadership, and laws like the Jones Law of 1916 that committed the US to granting independence. It also outlines the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act of 1932, the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 that established the Commonwealth, and the 1935 Philippine Constitution that provided for independence.

2. P R M A L I T I I I
THE COMMONWEALTH
PERIOD

3. MANUEL LUIS QUEZON Y MOLINA
• “I prefer a
government run like
hell by Filipinos to a
government run like
heaven by
Americans”

5. THE PHILIPPINE ASSEMBLY
• The Philippine Assembly was the lower house of the
Philippine Legislature from 1907 to 1916, during the
American Colonial Period of the Philippines. Along with
the appointed Philippine Commission, the assembly
comprised the Philippine Legislature, the legislative
branch of the Insular Government, established by the
Philippine Organic Act of 1902, passed by the United
States Congress.

7. ACCOMPLISHMENTS
• Establishment of banks for farmers
• Education of the people in all parts of the country
• Improvement in the country’s communication system and
infrastructure;
• Provision of irrigation system; and
• Establishment of the National Library

8. THE JONES LAW
• The Jones Law, enacted by the 64th Congress of the United
States on August 29, 1916, contained the first formal and
official declaration of the United States commitment to grant
independence to the Philippines. The law provides that the
grant of independence would come only "as soon as a stable
government can be established", which gave the United
States Government the power to determine when this "stable
government" has been achieved. It aimed at providing the
Filipino people (Filipinos) broader domestic autonomy, though
it reserved certain privileges to the United States (Americans)
to protect their sovereign rights and interests.

9. OSROX MISSION
• In 1931, the OsRox Mission (which stands for “Osmeña
and Roxas”) successfully lobbied for the enactment of
the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act, which was passed over
President Herbert Hoover’s veto in 1932. This was,
however, rejected by the Philippine Legislature. In 1934,
a new mission (the QuAquAl Mission, made up of
Quezon, Benigno Aquino Sr., and Rafael Alunan)
negotiated the Tydings-McDuffie or the Philippine
Independence Act, which set a ten-year transition period
to be known as the Commonwealth of the Philippines,
followed by the recognition of the independence of the
Philippines by the United States.

11. THE HARE-HAWES-CUTTING ACT
• The Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act was authored by South
Carolina Representative Butler Hare, Missouri Senator Harry
Bartow Hawes and New Mexico Senator Bronson M. Cutting.
It was finally passed by the United States Congress in
December 1932, but was vetoed by U.S. President Herbert
Hoover. Congress then overrode the veto on January 17,
1933.
• The law promised Philippine independence after 10 years, but
reserved several military and naval bases for the United
States, as well as imposing tariffs and quotas on Philippine
exports. It also required the Philippine Senate to ratify the law.

13. TYDINGS-MCDUFFIE ACT
• Otherwise known as the Philippine Independence Act is a
U.S. law that provided for Philippine independence. It is a
slightly revised version of the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Bill passed
by the U.S. Congress in 1933 but was vetoed by U.S.
President Hoover. The U.S. Congress overrode the veto but
was rejected by the Philippine Senate upon urgings of Manuel
L. Quezon. Quezon wanted an amended bill. The new bill
named, The Philippine Independence Act was authored by
Senator Milliard Tydings (Democrat) and Representative John
McDuffie (Democrat). The new president, Franklin D.
Roosevelt, signed it into law on March 24, 1934.

14. Sen. Millard Tydings Sen. John Mcduffie

15. THE 1935 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
• The 1935 Constitution was written in 1934, approved
and adopted by the Commonwealth of the Philippines
(1935–1946) and later used by the Third Republic
(1946–1972). It was written with an eye to meeting the
approval of the United States Government as well, so as
to ensure that the U.S. would live up to its promise to
grant the Philippines independence and not have a
premise to hold onto its possession on the grounds that
it was too politically immature and hence unready for full,
real independence.

16. The 1935 Constitution was written in 1934, approved and
adopted by the Commonwealth of the Philippines (1935–1946)
and later used by the Third Republic (1946–1972). It was written
with an eye to meeting the approval of the United States
Government as well, so as to ensure that the U.S. would live up
to its promise to grant the Philippines independence and not
have a premise to hold onto its possession on the grounds that it
was too politically immature and hence unready for full, real
independence.
The original 1935 Constitution provided for unicameral National
Assembly and the President was elected to a six-year term
without re-election. It was amended in 1940 to have a bicameral
Congress composed of a Senate and House of Representatives,
as well the creation of an independent electoral commission. The
Constitution now granted the President a four-year term with a
maximum of two consecutive terms in office.