Time of Marcoses

1. THE
PHILIPPINES
UNDER MARTIAL
LAW
01

2. LESSON
OBJECTIVES:
Analyze the problems and challenges to the
independence and nationhood of the
Filipinos under Martial Law.
Discuss the people's negative response that
led to the information of groups against
Martial Law.
Discover and describe the experiences of
some specific people during martial law
period.
Weight the pros and cons of martial law.
01
02
0
3
0
4
02

3. Ferdinand Edralin Marcos Sr. is a top lawyer
who was able to pass the BAR examination
with the grade of 99 percent and graduated
as Cum Laude of their batch in the
University of the Philippines. A good
speaker and as a lawyer. He assumed office
as president from December 30, 1965–
February 25, 1986. He treated himself as
the destiny of the Filipino People and he
aimed to change the society as what he
stated on his slogan, “Ang Bagong Lipunan”.
03
WHO IS FERDINAND E.
MARCOS SR. ?

4. 1965 |
Ferdinand
Marcos won
the Presidential
Election
03

5. 1965 PRESIDENTIAL
ELECTION
1
9
3,187,752 (42.88%)
Diosdado
Macapagal
384,564 (5.17%)
Raul
Manglapus
3,861,324 (51.94%)
Ferdinand
Marcos Sr.

6. 1969 |
Ferdinand
Marcos won
the Presidential
Election again
THIS WAS HIS SECOND TERM AS
PRESIDENT
03

7. 1969 PRESIDENTIAL
ELECTION
1
9
3,043,122 (37.75%)
Sergio Osmeña
Jr.
5,017,343 (62.24%)
Ferdinand
Marcos Sr.

9. A. Emergence of the
leftist groups
CPP
Communist Party of the
Philippines
NPA
New People's Army
MNLF
Moro National Liberation
Front
09

10. B. Worsening of Peace and
order problems
Students including teachers and workers from
different universitiesheld rallies which
eventually became frequent and ended in bloody
encounters
06

11. C. The Plaza Miranda bombing
At Plaza in Quiapo, Manila , the liberal party held a Miting de Avance to
announce the group's candidates for senatorial elections. In the middle of the
event, a grenade exploded on the stage where the candidates were seated.
06

12. D. The suspension of writ of Habeas
Corpus
Because ofthe civil unrest,PresidentMarcos declared
proclamationNo. 889 which suspendedthe privilegeof writ of
Habeasgroup corpus ( The rightof the citizento be triedfairly
in court upon arrest.)
06

13. 1972 |
Ferdinand
Marcos Sr.
declared
Martial Law
03

14. President Ferdinand E. Marcos signed Proclamation No.
1081 on September 21, 1972, placing the Philippines under
Martial Law. Some sources say that Marcos signed the
proclamation on September 17 or on September 22—but,
in either case, the document itself was dated September
21.
06

15. The Philippines
Under Martial
Law
THINGS THAT HAPPENED ON MARTIAL
LAW
03

16. 04
✓ Military controling the country
✓ Soldiers are ordered to control people
✓ Power is turnovered to military
✓ Setting of direct military control of civilians
in response to an invation of major disasters
✓ Strict implementation of the law
✓ Crimes are everywhere

17. 04 ✓ Made President Marcos powerful
✓ A powerful law that can suppress current laws
✓ Tortured for wrong doings
✓ No going out
✓ Quarantine
✓ President Marcos stabilizing the law
✓ Curfew and less crimes
✓ Military government

18. September 22, 1972 Minister Juan Ponce Enrile survives an
“assassination” attempt Pres. Marcos announces that he had
placed the entire country under martial law, with the earlier
“ambush” as a pretext. Marcos issues Letter of Instruction no.
1, which orders the closure of media establishments and wire
agencies.
06

19. September 23, 1972 Government forces shut down media
outlets, including broadsheets the Manila Times; Daily
Mirror; Manila Chronicle; Manila Daily Bulletin; Philippine
Daily Express; Philippines Herald; Philippine Free Press,
Graphic; and the Nation. Media outlets owned by Marcos
crony Roberto Benedicto are exempted: newspaper Daily
Express and television and radio stations of Kanlaon
Broadcasting System.
06

20. November 2, 1972 Presidential Decree 36 is issued,
canceling the franchises and permits of all mass media
facilities allegedly trying to topple the government, and
creating the Mass Media Council which determines the
granting of certificates of authority to newspapers, radio,
and TV. It would later be restructured as the Media
Advisory Council.
06

21. January 17, 1973 Marcos issues Proclamation 1102,
declaring the approval of the 1973 Constitution and
ordering Congress to be padlocked.
July 27, 1973 A second constitutional referendum is held, in
which the constituent assemblies vote via show of hands to
supposedly ratify the 1973 constitution, suspend the
creation of the Interim National Assembly, and extend
Martial Law. Ferdinand Marcos’s term as president is
effectively extended.
06

22. September 1, 1973 Marcos exercises Presidential Decree 87
(the Oil Exploration and Development Act of 1972) and signs a
US$12 million service contract with Americans, Canadian and
Philippine companies for oil exploration, exempting them from
all taxes except income tax, and all duties for importation of
materials to be used for exploration.
February 2, 1974 DWGT-TV, now People's Television, is
established
06

23. June 24, 1974 The Marcos administration takes up a US$17
million loan from Kuwait
July 21, 1974 The 23rd Miss Universe Pageant, in 1974, is
held in Imelda Marcos' project, the specially constructed
Folk Arts Theater in Manila. The Marcoses entertain the
candidates at their lavishly constructed summer resthouse
in Olot, Leyte.
August 28, 1974 The Marcos administration takes up a
US$51.3 million loan from the Asian Development Bank to
develop metro manila water supply system – the bank’s
biggest loan ever at the time.
06

24. September 21, 1974 Marcos issues Presidential Decree 557, changing
the name of Philippine villages from “barrio” to “barangay,” based
on the assertions of early chronicler Juan de Plasencia that
“barangay” was a name used to describe early Philippine villages.
October 20, 1974 The Marcos administration takes up a US$125 million
loan from the International Monetary Fund so that it can import oil.
November 11, 1974Marcos signs Presidential Decrees 576 and 576-A,
abolishing the Media Advisory Council and authorizing the creation
regulatory bodies for broadcast and print media, the basis for the
creation of the Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas and the
Philippine Council for Print Media.
06

25. April 15, 1975 Presidential Decree 684 creates the Kabataang
Barangay, and President Marcos’ daughter Imee Marcos becomes
the first Kabataang Barangay chairperson.
October 16, 1976 Martial Law allowed to extend through the
Philippine constitutional referendum of 1976.
November 12 , 1976 An economic mission, which includes First Lady
Imelda Marcos and Secretary Vicente Paterno, departs for Libya.
06

26. December 20-22-, 1980 Marcos grants amnesty to more than two
thousand prisoners in preparation for the lifting of the Martial Law
edict
January 16, 1981 The day before the lifting of Martial Law, Marcos
issues Presidential Decree No. 1791, which gives immunity from court
action to civilian or military officials acting on the basis of the Martial
Law edict. The act also gives immunity to officials following orders
from the President after martial law is lifted.
06

27. 06

28. • Based on the study of the critics, here are some of
the positive and negative outcomes brought by
Martial Law.
Corruption in the
government rose.
Nepotism spread
in the country (
the practice
among these with
power or influence
of favoring
relatives or friends,
especially by
giving them jobs
People were not
informed about
the corruption
taking place in
the government
because
newspapers,
radio, and
television stations
were shutdown
Operations of public
facilities and
important industries
ceased
Human rights were
suppressed
Political prisoners
and accused were
tortured and killed.
16
NEGATIVE
EFFECTS

29. • Based on the study of the critics, here are some of
the positive and negative outcomes brought by
Martial Law.
Rice supply in the
Philippines became
sufficient
The agricultural and
economic industries
flourished
Movement of
communism was
controlled
Infrastructure
projects were
undertaken all over
the country
Strong partnership
with more countries ,
either they are
communist or
democratic
Public schools ,
hospitals, and health
centers were built
16
POSITIVE
EFFECTS
Housing projects for
the poor
Filipino culture was
given attention and
valued

30. END OF
MARTIAL
LAW
Proclamation No. 2045
lifting of Martial Law

31. January 17, 1981 Marcos issues Proclamation 2045 which
formally lifts the proclamation of Martial Law in time for
Pope John Paul II’s visit and Reagan’s inauguration, but
retains many of his powers. Amendment Six to the 1973
constitution allows him to continue making laws, and the
decrees issued during Martial Law are carried forward
after its lifting. He also retains the right to suspend the writ
of habeas corpus for “crimes related to subversion,
insurrection, rebellion, and also conspiracy to commit such
crimes.”
06

32. 06

33. June 16, 1981 Ferdinand Marcos is re-elected to a third term as a
result of the Philippine presidential election and referendum of 1981
June 30, 1981 The “New Republic” under the 1973 constitution is
inaugurated; Marcos is sworn in for the third time as president.
May 1982 The first Philippine barangay election is held.
06

34. August 21, 1982 Benigno Aquino Jr. is assassinated
at then Manila International Airport.
1
9

35. November 3 Pres. Marcos announces in a television interview that he
would set snap elections.
December 2 AFP Chief of Staff Gen. Fabian Ver and 26 others
accused of the assassination of Ninoy Aquino are acquitted by
Sandiganbayan.
February 7 1986 Philippine presidential election
06

36. 1986 SNAP ELECTION
7,158,769 (NAMFREL)
9,291,716 (COMELEC)
Corazon
Aquino
6,532,362 (NAMFREL)
10,807,197 (COMELEC)
Ferdinand
Marcos Sr.
The conduct of the February 7, 1986, snap election led
to the popular belief that the polls were tampered with
and considered the results to be fraudulent.

37. 1
9

39. " THE GOLDEN YEARS OF
PHILIPPINES HISTORY"
07

40. •According to the world bank data (1980),
the Philippines' Gross domestic product
quadruples
( GDP measures the value of all final goods and
services produced in an economy in a golden period of
time, usually a quarter or a year. )
08
•Also with active military during this time there
was a decrease in crime rates such as murder,
stealing, and other crimes are rarely done.
Because armies are visible everywhere.
• And the whole country became extremely
disciplined due to the curfew observed where
those who won't obey are given disciplinary
actions.

41. 08
• Behind the good things that the government
demonstrated were numerous problems that
became the rout of social and economic crises.
Despite the national progress that the
government proudly showed off , a large
percentage of the population continued living in
poverty while Marcos and family lived lavishly.

42. " THE DARKEST
CHAPTER OF
PHILIPPINE HISTORY"
10

43. 08
• Citizen's right were suspended and imposed military authority.
• Arrest and killing of Marcos' political enemies
• Marcos Shutting down of media
• Government taking over the running public services and
utility ( PLDTC, Meralco)
• Many vigilantes and mysterious crimes are happening
• Fear reigned in the hearts of the Filipinos

44. VICTIMS OF
MARTIAL LAW

47. ACTIVITY
( DEBATE )

48. PRO vs ANTI
MARTIAL LAW

49. INSTRUCTIONS

50. 1.Each team will discuss one topic. One team will be PRO Martial Law and the
other team will be ANTI Martial Law.
2. All teams will be given 10 minutes to prepare for the topic they will discuss.
3. Each time will have 30 seconds to expalin their topics same with the other
team
4. Both teams are allowed to use the language that they are most comfortable
using.

52. ASSESSMENT

53. 1.When did Martial Law started?
2. When did Martial law was lifted?
3. Who was the opponent of Ferdinand Marcos Sr. during the 1986 snap
election?
4. Who was attempted to be assassinated on September 22, 1972?
5.He was assassinated at Manila International Airport on August 21, 1982

54. 7-9
Leftists groups that emerged before martila law
10-13
Events that led to the declaration of martial law
14-18
Media outlets that were shut downed during Martial Law
19-20.
Two positive effects of martial law

55. Thank you!