During the Martial Law years from 1972-1981, President Marcos issued Proclamation 1081 placing the Philippines under martial law, citing threats from communists and anti-Marcos demonstrations. He arrested opposition leaders and activists and established a constitutional convention to frame a new constitution concentrating power in the presidency. Some achievements included educational reforms but he also censored media. After lifting Martial Law in 1981, Marcos retained power through a controversial election in 1986 and the assassination of opponent Ninoy Aquino. Large protests erupted after the disputed election results, leading to Marcos' exile and Corazon Aquino's induction as president.

1. J. Martial Law Years
and Fourth Republic

2. 1. Martial Law Years (1972-1981)
• Marcos issued Proclamation 1081
that placed Philippines under
Martial Law (September 21,
1972)
*Reasons:
1. Communist
threat (CPP-
NPA)

3. 2. Communists’ receiving of military
aids from foreign countries
through M/V Karagatan (1972)
3. Anti-Marcos demonstrations
*Objectives:
1. save the republic
2. build a new society

4. • Marcos signed PD No. 2 that
created DAR (1972)
• Marcos signed PD No. 4 that
created National Grains Authority
• Marcos imposed curfews and
prohibition of rallies
• Marcos padlocked
the newspapers,
TV and radio stations

5. *Some arrested anti-Marcos:
-Jose Diokno
-Ramon Mitra
-Benigno Aquino Jr.
–Bren Guiao
-Haydee Yorac
-Alejandro Lichauco
-Teofisto Guingona
-Luis Beltran

6. *Some notable activists:
-Satur Ocampo
-Antonio Zumel
-Edgar Jopson
-Crispin Tagamolila
-Lorena Barros
-Maita Gomez
-Nelia Sancho
-Alex Boncayao

7. • A Constitutional Convention was
held to frame the “1973
Constitution” (September 25,
1972)
• Marcos referred
the new constitution
as “citizen assemblies”

8. *Provisions of Constitution:
-Abolition of old congress
-Shifting to Parliamentary Gov’t
-Power to call an interim assembly
*Some achievements of Martial Law:
-National College Entrance Exam
-Youth Civic Action Program
-Capture of Bernabe Buscayno

9. -1979 US-Phil. Bases Agreement
-UP Islamic Studies was organized
-Founding of Muslim communities
-Establishment of ARMM (1976)

10. 2. Post Martial Law Years/Fourth
Republic (1981-1986)
• Marcos signed Proclamation No.
2045 that ends Martial Law
(January 17, 1981)
• Marcos founded his
party, KBL
• Some amendments done in 1973
Constitution; especially the
unlimited term of the president

11. • An election was held
when Marcos defeated
Santos and Cabangbang
(1981)
• Sen. Benigno Aquino, Jr.
was assassinated in
MIA (August 21, 1983)
• Marcos created Agrava
board that investigated the case

12. • 26 persons and Gen. Fabian
Ver were accused but
acquitted in 1985
• “The Filipino is worth
dying for”
“Hindi ka nag-iisa,
Ninoy!”
• JAJA, ATOM, BAYAN, Cory
Aquino for President Movement
were founded

13. • Marcos decided to held a SNAP
Elections with Arturo Tolentino
• Corazon Aquino and
Salvador Laurel
battled Marcos’
party
• COMELEC announced Marcos-
Tolentino won; NAMFREL
announced Aquino-Laurel won

14. • 30 COMELEC tabulators walked-
out in PICC
• Jaime Cardinal Sin urged
Filipino people to rally
against Marcos
• Juan Ponce Enrile and
Fidel Ramos withdrew
their support to
Marcos (February 23, 1986)

15. • “Yellow supporters,” Cory Aquino
and Agapito Aquino walked along
the EDSA to rally
• Human barricade was formed
around Camp Aguinaldo

16. • Marcos Family fled to Hawaii
though US Air Force at the night
of February 25, 1986
• Aquino-Laurel inducted
as president and vice
president at Club Filipino
• Aquino promulgated
the “Freedom
Constitution”

17. Thank you!
Yosef Eric C. Hipolito, LPT, MA
Bachelor of Arts in History
yosefhipoito19@gmail.com