2. Paulino Lim, Jr. is a professor of English at
California State University, Long Beach (CSULB).
The author of six books, short stories and
numerous scholarly articles, he was born in
Camalig, Albay, a province of the Philippines, on
August 23, 1935. He is married to Barbara
Paredes. They have one daughter Claire-Dee, a
screen writer, who has degrees from UCLA and
Berkeley.
He was the valedictorian of his high school, St.
John's Academy and a magna cum laude with a
bachelor's degree in Education from the
University of SantoTomas (UST) in Manila.
3. Lim also received from UST a
masters in English and a
"meritissimus" for his defense of a
thesis on Bienvenido N. Santos. He
and his family came to the U.S. in
1963, when he was accepted at the
University of California, Los Angeles
(UCLA), graduating with a Ph.D. in
English.
4. In high school he won first prize in an
essay writing contest, sponsored by the
Bicol Association of Catholic Schools.
Upon graduation, he also published his
first short story.
At Santo Tomas, he became a staff member
of Varsitarian, which published many of
his stories. Nick Joaquin accepted Lim's
first Philippines Free Press story, "Mona
Lisa," (1957), and F. Sionil Jose published
his story, "The Boy and the Mountain," in
the SundayTimes Magazine (1962).
9. Other Literary Techniques/Terms
Used in the Story
Verisimilitude
A verisimilitudinous story has details, subjects,
and characters that seem similar or true to real life.
Adage
The adage (pronounced ad-ij) expresses a well-known
and simple truth in a few words.
Allegory
An allegory (AL-eh-goh-ree) is a story within a story. It
has a “surface story” and another story hidden
underneath.
10. Other Literary Techniques/Terms
Used in the Story
Hamartia
It includes character flaws such as excessive ambition,
greed, or pride which result in tragic consequences.
Vignette
In literature, a vignette (pronounced vin-yet) is a short
scene that captures a single moment or a defining
detail about a character, idea, or other element of
the story.
Stereotype/Stereotyping
It’s looking at a whole group of people and assuming
that they all share certain qualities.
11. Other Literary Techniques/Terms
Used in the Story
Flashback
It is a device that moves an audience from the
present moment in a chronological narrative to a
scene in the past.
Frame Story
It is a story set within a story, narrative, or movie,
told by the main or the supporting character.
Cliffhanger
A cliffhanger is when a story or plotline ends
suddenly or a large plot twist occurs and is left
unresolved.
12. Critical Approaches/Literary
Theories Used in the Story
Sociological Criticism: This approach “examines
literature in the cultural, economic and political
context in which it is written or received,”
exploring the relationships between the artist and
society. Sometimes it examines the artist’s society
to better understand the author’s literary works;
other times, it may examine the representation of
such societal elements within the literature itself.
13. Critical Approaches Used in the
Story
Reader-Response Criticism: This approach takes as a
fundamental tenet that “literature” exists not as an artifact upon a
printed page but as a transaction between the physical text and
the mind of a reader. It attempts “to describe what happens in the
reader’s mind while interpreting a text” and reflects that reading,
like writing, is a creative process. According to reader-response
critics, literary texts do not “contain” a meaning; meanings derive
only from the act of individual readings.