The document discusses the Hall effect and how to measure magnetic fields using it. The Hall effect produces a voltage difference across a conductor when an electric current passes through a magnetic field perpendicular to the current. This effect can be used to measure magnetic fields by placing a small conductive probe in the field such that the magnetic lines of force are perpendicular to the probe. Current is passed through the probe and the Hall voltage produced is measured, allowing calculation of the magnetic field strength.

1. •What is hall effect
•Formulas and description
•How to measure hall coefficient
•Measurement of magnetic field using hall effect
By : Nitesh gupta
2nd sem,Mae

2.  The hall effect is the production of a potential
difference across an electrical conductor in which an
electric current flows in the presence of a magnetic
field
 If a piece of conductor carrying current is placed in a
transverse magnetic field ,then an electric field is
produced inside the conductor in a direction normal
to both current and magnetic field

4. At equilibrium
For n type
For p type
For n type
For p type

5. Bz actual magnetic field =permeability*observed magnetic field

6.  a very small conductor or semiconductor element
is used at the tip of the probe.
 Electric current is passed through the conductor. In
a magnetic field, a force is exerted on the moving
electrons which tends to push them to one side of
the conductor.
 A build up of charge at the sides of the conductors
will balance this magnetic influence, producing a
measurable voltage between the two sides of the
conductor

7. The probe is placed in the magnetic field such that
the magnetic lines of force intersect the major
dimensions of the sensing element at a right angle.
Placement and orientation of the probe
is very important