HALL effect - SemiConductors - and it's Applications - Engineering PhysicsTheerumalai Ga
A 20 mins discussion on the "HALL EFFECT and it's applications" of Semiconductors and a brief explanation about Hall Sensors with a derivation and video attached. Engineering Physics - important area of discussion for Anna University examination- seminar
Classification of magnetic materials on the basis of magnetic momentVikshit Ganjoo
I made this presentation for my own college assignment and i had referred contents from websites and other presentations and made it presentable and reasonable hope you will like it!!!
HALL effect - SemiConductors - and it's Applications - Engineering PhysicsTheerumalai Ga
A 20 mins discussion on the "HALL EFFECT and it's applications" of Semiconductors and a brief explanation about Hall Sensors with a derivation and video attached. Engineering Physics - important area of discussion for Anna University examination- seminar
Classification of magnetic materials on the basis of magnetic momentVikshit Ganjoo
I made this presentation for my own college assignment and i had referred contents from websites and other presentations and made it presentable and reasonable hope you will like it!!!
JFET Construction, Working Principle And V-I CharactersticsBiplap Bhattarai
JFET (Junction Field Effect Transistor)
It is a voltage controlled semiconductor device.
In this, the current is carried by only one type of carriers.
So, it is a Unipolar device (one polarity of charge carrier)
No minority carrier storage
JFET consists of a doped Si
On this presentation i describe all the features and types of diode. This presentation started from short but understandable history of diode or zener . How diode is working? Answer of this question also clear after read all this presentation.
The three terminals of the FET are known as Gate, Drain, and Source.
It is a voltage controlled device, where the input voltage controls by the output current.
In FET current used to flow between the drain and the source terminal. And this current can be controlled by applying the voltage between the gate and the source terminal.
So this applied voltage generate the electric field within the device and by controlling these electric field we can control the flow of current through the device.
It covers all the Maxwell's Equation for Point form(differential form) and integral form. It also covers Gauss Law for Electric Field, Gauss law for magnetic field, Faraday's Law and Ampere Maxwell law. It also covers the reason why Gauss Laws are also known as Maxwell's Equation.
JFET Construction, Working Principle And V-I CharactersticsBiplap Bhattarai
JFET (Junction Field Effect Transistor)
It is a voltage controlled semiconductor device.
In this, the current is carried by only one type of carriers.
So, it is a Unipolar device (one polarity of charge carrier)
No minority carrier storage
JFET consists of a doped Si
On this presentation i describe all the features and types of diode. This presentation started from short but understandable history of diode or zener . How diode is working? Answer of this question also clear after read all this presentation.
The three terminals of the FET are known as Gate, Drain, and Source.
It is a voltage controlled device, where the input voltage controls by the output current.
In FET current used to flow between the drain and the source terminal. And this current can be controlled by applying the voltage between the gate and the source terminal.
So this applied voltage generate the electric field within the device and by controlling these electric field we can control the flow of current through the device.
It covers all the Maxwell's Equation for Point form(differential form) and integral form. It also covers Gauss Law for Electric Field, Gauss law for magnetic field, Faraday's Law and Ampere Maxwell law. It also covers the reason why Gauss Laws are also known as Maxwell's Equation.
Presentation on Electromagnetic Induction.
Physics two presentation of CSE dept. Southeast University.
PPTX slides made by Saleh Ibne Omar.
December 2017.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
2. CONTENTS
Hall Effect
Discovery of Hall Effect
Theory
Lorentz Force
Hall Voltage and Hall Coefficient
Significance
Applications
3. Hall effect
Hall effect is the production of voltage difference (Hall
voltage) Across a current carrying conductor In the presence
of magnetic field Perpendicular to both Current and
magnetic field
4. Discovery of hall effect
Hall effect was discovered by Edwin
Herbert Hall in 1879 while he was
working on his doctoral degree At Johns
Hopkins university in Baltimore, Mayland
Hall effect was discover by Edwin Hall
eighteen years before discovery of
electron.
5. Theory:
The quality of the current present in the conductor is reason of Hall
effect to produce. Current is composed of movement of small
particles that are free to move such as electrons holes and Ions
When the current carrying conductor is placed in the magnetic field
,Voltage will be generated Perpendicular to both current and Field.
In the presence of magnetic field these free particles produce
Lorentz Force.
6. Lorentz force
Lorentz Force is exerted on electrons Due to which
electron moves in direction perpendicular to both Current
and magnetic field. This will develop a voltage difference
across conductor
Lorentz force is equal to
F= q(E+v×B)
7. Hall voltage and hall coeffiecient:
Internal electric potential known as Hall voltage and is given
by the formula
Vh = (Ix)(Bz)/nte
Hall coefficient is defined as:
The ratio of the Induced electric field To the product of
current density and magnetic field that is applied
Rh=Ey/(Jx)(Bz)
Where Jx is the current density and Ey is the Electric
field
Unit of Hall coefficient is Mete cube per coloumb
8. Significance:
Hall effect Describes an important Difference between
positive and negative Charges that is positive charges will
move in one direction NAD negative charges will move in
opposite direction of negative charges
Hall effects proves that Current in the metals produced due
to the motion of electrons
9. Applications of hall effect
Hall Effect devices generate a very low signal level .
Therefore, they need amplification. And it is very suitable
for instruments in laboratory.
The vacuum tube amplifiers in the 1st half of 20th century
were power intense, very costly and erratic for everyday
use in applications. This has done by the generation of low
cost IC’s. And the sensor based on Hall Effect became
appropriate for mass applications.
Most of the devices are now sold as “Hall Effect Sensors”.
Another application of Hall Effect is “Hall Effect IC” that use
electrical motors of switch.
10. Some important Applications of Hall Effect are:
Split Ring Clamp-on Sensor
Analog Multiplication
Power Sensing
Position and Motion Sensing
Automotive Ignition and Fuel Injection
Wheel Rotation Sensing
11. Daily – life Applications
The Corbino Effect
Hall Probes
Magnetometer
Hall Effect Sensors
Vacuum Tube Amplifiers
Microcontroller
Integrated Circuits
12. Split Ring Clamp-on Sensor
A split sensor is used in the variation on the ring
sensor that is clamped over the line to make the
device able to be used in temporary test equipment.
If it is used in installation that will be permanent,
then a split sensor permits the electrical flow of
current to be tried without disassembling the current
circuit.
13. Analog Multiplication
In Analog Multiplication, the output is proportional to both
the applied sensor voltage and the applied magnetic field. If
we apply the magnetic field by a solenoid, then the output
of sensor is proportional to product of the current through
the solenoid and the sensor voltage.
As most applications requiring computation are now
performed by small (even tiny) digital computers, the
remaining useful application is in power sensing, which
combines current sensing with voltage sensing in a single
Hall effect device.
14. THE CORBINO EFFECT
The Corbino effect is a phenomenon based on the
Hall Effect, but a disk-shaped metal sample is used
in place of a rectangular one.
15. HALL EFFECT SENSOR
A Hall Effect sensor may operate as an electronic switch;
Such a switch costs less than a mechanical switch and is
much more reliable.
It can be operated at higher frequencies than a mechanical
switch.
It does not suffer from contact bounce because a solid
state switch with hysteresis is used rather than a
mechanical contact.
16. Linear sensor
In the case of linear sensor (for the magnetic field
strength measurements), a Hall Effect sensor:
can measure a wide range of magnetic fields
is available that can measure either North or South
pole magnetic fields
can be flat
