The document compares electric and magnetic circuits. A magnetic circuit is the closed path of magnetic flux lines through magnetic materials like iron. An electric circuit is the closed path of electric current through various electrical components connected to a source. Key differences include: magnetic flux follows a closed path in a magnetic circuit while current follows a closed path in an electric circuit; reluctance opposes magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit while resistance opposes current in an electric circuit; magnetic circuits use magnetomotive force and flux while electric circuits use electromotive force and current. Both circuits have analogous properties like permeability/conductivity and flux/current but also differences such as magnetic flux not requiring energy to maintain while current continuously requires energy.

1. Electric and Magnetic Circuits
T.Mrunalini

2. Difference between Magnetic and
Electric Circuit
The Difference between the Magnetic and
Electric Circuit are explained considering
various factors like the basic definition,
relationbetween Flux and Current, Reluctance
and Resistance, EMF and MMF, different
analogies of both the circuits. Like its density
and intensity, laws applicable in the circuit,
Magnetic and Electric lines, etc.

7. Magnetic Circuit
The closed path followed by magnetic lines
of forces or magnetic flux is called magnetic
circuit. A magnetic circuit is made up of
magnetic materials having high permeability
such as iron, soft steel, etc. Magnetic circuits
are used in various devices like electric motor,
transformers, relays, generators galvanometer,
etc.

8. Electric Circuit
The rearrangement by which various
electrical sources like AC source or DC source,
resistances, capacitance and another electrical
parameter are connected is called electric
circuit or electrical network.

9. Key Differences between Magnetic
and Electric Circuit
• The closed path followed by the flux in the
Magnetic Circuit, whereas in the Electric Circuit
Current follows the closed path.
• The unit of flux is Weber, and the unit of current is
Ampere.
• Magneto motive force in the magnetic circuit is the
driving force and is measured in Ampere-turns (AT).
Electromotive force is the driving force in the electric
circuit and is measured in volts (V).
• Reluctance opposed the flow of magnetic flux S =
l/aµ and measured in (AT/wb) and Resistance opposes
the flow of current R = ρ. l/a and measured in (Ώ).

10. • In the magnetic circuit Permeance = 1/reluctance whereas in
the electric circuit Conduction = 1/ resistance.
• As in the magnetic circuit, there exists Permeability so as
Conductivity in the electric circuit. Similarly, Reluctivity in
magnetic circuit is known as Resistivity in the electric circuit.
• In the magnetic circuit, molecular poles are aligned. The flux
does not flow but sets up in the magnetic circuit. In electric
circuit electric current flows in the form of electrons.
• For magnetic flux, there is no perfect insulator. It can set up
even in the non-magnetic materials like air, rubber, glass, etc.
For electric circuit, there are a large number of perfect
insulators like glass, air, rubber, PVC and synthetic resin
which do not allow it to flow through them.
• The reluctance (S) of a magnetic circuit is not constant rather
it varies with the value of B.The resistance (R) of an electric
circuit is almost constant as its value depends upon the value
of ρ. The value of ρ and R can change slightly if the change in
temperature takes place.

11. • Once the magnetic flux sets up in a magnetic
circuit, no energy is expanded. Only a small
amount of energy is required at the initial stage to
create flux in the circuit. Energy is expanding
continuously, as long as the current flows through
the electrical circuit. This energy is dissipated in
the form of heat.
• Kirchhoff flux and MMF law is followed in the
magnetic circuit whereas in the electric circuit
Kirchhoff voltage and current law is followed.
(KVL and KCL).
• Magnetic lines of flux start from The North Pole
and ends at the South Pole. Electric lines or
current starts from the positive charge
and ends on the negative charge.

12. THANK YOU