The document discusses the Hall effect and its applications. It was discovered in 1879 by Edwin Hall while working on his doctorate. The Hall effect produces a voltage difference known as the Hall voltage across a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field that is perpendicular to both the current and the field. It is used in applications such as magnetometers in smartphones, current sensors, position sensing in brushless DC motors, and automotive fuel level indicators.

1. Harsh Shukla
Hall Sensor
HALL EFFECT AND
ITS APPLICATIONS
HALL EFFECT THRUSTER

2.  The Hall effect was discovered in 1879 by Edwin
Herbert Hall while working on his doctoral degree at
the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland,
USA
 Discovered 18 years before the electron.
DISCOVERY
Edwin H Hall

3.  The Hall effect is the production of a voltage difference
(the Hall voltage) across a current carrying conductor
(in presence of magnetic field), perpendicular to both
current and the magnetic field.
WHAT IS HALL EFFECT?

4.  When a current-carrying conductor is placed into a magnetic
field, a voltage will be generated perpendicular to both the
current and the field.
 When a perpendicular magnetic field is present. A Lorentz force
is exerted on the electron. Due to which Electron moves in
perpendicular direction to both current and Magnetic Field. And
develop a Potential difference across the conductor or
semiconductor.
THEORY

5.  Creates internal electric potential, known as Hall voltage.
𝑉ℎ=
𝐵∗𝐼
𝑛∗𝑒∗𝑑
where ‘d’ is the thickness of the metal along the direction of
Magnetic field.
 In metals:
 In semiconductors:
HALL VOLTAGE AND HALL COEFFICIENT

6.  Used as Magnetometers, i.e. to measure magnetic field.
 Hall effect sensor is also used as Current Sensor.
 Magnetic Position Sensing in Brushless DC Electric Motors
 Automotive fuel level indicator.
 Spacecraft propulsion.
 And many more.
APPLICATIONS

7. MAGNETOMETERS
• Smart phones are equipped with
magnetic compass.
• These compass measure Earth‘s
magnetic field using 3-axis
magnetometer.
• These magnetometer are sensors
based on Hall Effect.
• These sensors produce a voltage
proportional to the applied
magnetic field and also sense
polarity.

8. WORKING EXAMPLE OF HALL EFFECT
SENSOR

9. CURRENT SENSOR
Hall effect current sensor with
internal integrated circuit amplifier.
 When electrons flow through a
conductor, a magnetic field is
produced.
 This has several advantages:
1.No additional resistance (a
shunt) need be inserted in the
primary circuit.
2.Also, the voltage present on
the line to be sensed is not
transmitted to the sensor,
which enhances the safety of
measuring equipment.

10.  Some types of brushless DC electric motors use Hall effect
sensors to detect the position of the rotor and feed that
information to the motor controller. This allows for more precise
motor control.
POSITION SENSING IN BRUSHLESS DC
ELECTRIC MOTORS

11.  The main principle of operation of such indicator is position
sensing of a floating element.
 When Button magnet is mounted on the surface of a floating
object. The current carrying conductor is fixed on the top of the
tank lining up with the magnet.
 As level of fuel rises, an increasing magnetic field is applied on
the current resulting in higher Hall voltage.
 The fuel level is indicated and displayed by proper signal
condition of Hall voltage.
AUTOMOTIVE FUEL LEVEL INDICATOR
Floating element
Button Magnet

12. THANKS FOR WATCHING