The document presents information about solid state physics concepts including Biot Savart's law, the Hall effect, and applications. Biot Savart's law states that the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying element is proportional to the current and inversely proportional to the square of the distance. The Hall effect occurs when a current-carrying conductor is placed perpendicular to a magnetic field, producing a voltage perpendicular to both. Applications of the Hall effect include determining semiconductor type, measuring magnetic fields and power in electromagnetic waves, and determining carrier mobility.

1. Presentation of Solid State Physics
Submitted To:
Prof. Mashal Hanif
Submitted By:
Hassan Ashiq

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Bio Savart’s Law
 Hall Effect
 Applications

3. Introduction
“Magnetostatics is the study of magnetic fields in systems where the currents are
steady (not changing with time)”
 In 1820,
 By scientist Oersted.
 He perform an experiment in which he flow current on a conductor, then the
magnetic field will produced in surroundings.
 Then its was deeply studied by Biot Sawart law.

4. Biot Savart Law
It states that
“The differential Magnetic filed dB produced at point P by the differential current
element Idl is propotional to the product and sine of angle between element and
the line joining P to the element and inversely propotional to square of distance
between them”.
By Compairing all equations, we get.
𝑑𝐵 ∝ 𝐼𝑑𝑙𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃/𝑟2
or
𝑑𝐵 = 𝐼𝑑𝑙𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃𝜇0/4𝜋𝑟2
dB ∝ 𝐼𝑑𝑙 (1)
dB ∝ Sinθ (2)
dB ∝1/r² (3)

5. Hall Effect
 In 1879 Edwin Hall observed that when an electrical current passes through a
sample placed in a magnetic field, a potential proportional to the current and to
the magnetic field is developed across the material in a direction perpendicular
to both the current and to the magnetic field. This effect is known as the Hall
effect,
 Lorentz Force is the force acting on a charge placed in magnetic field.
𝐹 = 𝑞𝑣𝐵
Where q is charge, v is velocity of charge and B is magnetic field.

6. B
V
Fe
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7. Applications
 Determination of Semiconductor Type
 Measurement of Magnetic Flux Density
 Measurement of Power in an em Wave
 Determination of Mobility
 In instrument called Hall Effect Multiplier