Magneto statics and introduction of Hall Effect

1. Presentation of Solid State Physics
Submitted To:
Prof. Mashal Hanif
Submitted By:
Hassan Ashiq

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Bio Savart’s Law
 Hall Effect
 Applications

3. Introduction
“Magnetostatics is the study of magnetic fields in systems where the currents are
steady (not changing with time)”
 In 1820,
 By scientist Oersted.
 He perform an experiment in which he flow current on a conductor, then the
magnetic field will produced in surroundings.
 Then its was deeply studied by Biot Sawart law.

4. Biot Savart Law
It states that
“The differential Magnetic filed dB produced at point P by the differential current
element Idl is propotional to the product and sine of angle between element and
the line joining P to the element and inversely propotional to square of distance
between them”.
By Compairing all equations, we get.
𝑑𝐵 ∝ 𝐼𝑑𝑙𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃/𝑟2
or
𝑑𝐵 = 𝐼𝑑𝑙𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃𝜇0/4𝜋𝑟2
dB ∝ 𝐼𝑑𝑙 (1)
dB ∝ Sinθ (2)
dB ∝1/r² (3)

5. Hall Effect
 In 1879 Edwin Hall observed that when an electrical current passes through a
sample placed in a magnetic field, a potential proportional to the current and to
the magnetic field is developed across the material in a direction perpendicular
to both the current and to the magnetic field. This effect is known as the Hall
effect,
 Lorentz Force is the force acting on a charge placed in magnetic field.
𝐹 = 𝑞𝑣𝐵
Where q is charge, v is velocity of charge and B is magnetic field.

6. B
V
Fe
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-
-
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7. Applications
 Determination of Semiconductor Type
 Measurement of Magnetic Flux Density
 Measurement of Power in an em Wave
 Determination of Mobility
 In instrument called Hall Effect Multiplier