The difference between
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
4 likes•2,676 views
This document compares and contrasts the differences between written and spoken language. Written language favors precise sentences with embedded clauses, reported speech, and precise vocabulary with little ellipsis. Spoken language favors clauses as the basic unit of construction, uses coordination to add clauses, favors direct speech, tolerates vagueness, uses ellipsis frequently, and includes question tags and performance effects like hesitations, repeats, and false starts. It then provides definitions of speaking as the vocalized form of human communication that starts mentally and includes grammatical, discoursive, strategic, and sociocultural competencies.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Remedial English Instruction (5 of 16)
Remedial English Instruction (5 of 16)
Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) Reviewer for Majorship-English Secondary.
Style and Stylistics
used for reporting in Introduction to Stylistics
includes the types of style (expository/argumentative, descriptive, narrative, persuasive) basic principles in stylistic analysis, teaching of language and literature: a case for stylistics, and stylistics and levels of language
Grammar assessment
This document discusses assessing grammar. It provides definitions of grammar and explains that assessing grammar is important for determining student proficiency, identifying strengths and weaknesses, and giving feedback. There are different types of grammar assessment formats, including recognition, production, editing, and transformation. The reasons for assessment include diagnosing student abilities and tracking progress. Formative assessment is ongoing, while summative assessment occurs at the end of learning. Authentic assessment and avoiding grammatical terms in instructions are also discussed.
Teaching Poetry
The document provides learning intentions and success criteria for learning about different types of poetry. It introduces various poetry terms and structures, and provides examples and activities to help students explore poetic devices like similes, metaphors, rhyme and rhythm. Activities encourage using poems as models and experimenting with different forms like acrostic, color and shape poems.
Approaches in literature teaching
The document discusses different approaches to teaching literature: periphrastic, information-based, and moral-philosophical. The periphrastic approach focuses on surface level meaning and is suitable for beginners. The information-based approach uses literature as an information source and involves teacher-centered activities. The moral-philosophical approach incorporates moral values and encourages students to connect themes to their lives. Each approach has benefits like easing comprehension, but also limitations such as over-reliance on teachers or lack of student engagement.
Teaching grammar
This document discusses grammar and its teaching. It begins by asking what grammar is and exploring spoken versus written grammar. Grammar is defined as the study of possible language forms. The document then discusses grammar syllabuses, reasons for and against teaching grammar, and different approaches to teaching grammar, including inductive and deductive. It provides tips for teaching grammar, emphasizing teaching grammar students need in a communicative way within a text context. The overall document explores different aspects of grammar and its instruction.
Discourse
This document provides information about discourse analysis. It defines discourse as language beyond the sentence level and discusses key concepts like cohesion, coherence, intentionality and context. It also outlines different types of discourse such as narrative, descriptive, argumentative. The document compares written and spoken discourse and highlights differences in areas like grammatical complexity, repetition and fillers. Context is emphasized as important for interpreting discourse.
Branches of literature
It is best to know the branches of literature since it evolves and involves our everyday life that connects individuals with larger truths and ideas in a society as it creates a way for people to record their thoughts and experiences that is accessible to others, through fictionalized accounts of the experience.
Recommended
Remedial English Instruction (5 of 16)
Remedial English Instruction (5 of 16)
Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) Reviewer for Majorship-English Secondary.
Style and Stylistics
used for reporting in Introduction to Stylistics
includes the types of style (expository/argumentative, descriptive, narrative, persuasive) basic principles in stylistic analysis, teaching of language and literature: a case for stylistics, and stylistics and levels of language
Grammar assessment
This document discusses assessing grammar. It provides definitions of grammar and explains that assessing grammar is important for determining student proficiency, identifying strengths and weaknesses, and giving feedback. There are different types of grammar assessment formats, including recognition, production, editing, and transformation. The reasons for assessment include diagnosing student abilities and tracking progress. Formative assessment is ongoing, while summative assessment occurs at the end of learning. Authentic assessment and avoiding grammatical terms in instructions are also discussed.
Teaching Poetry
The document provides learning intentions and success criteria for learning about different types of poetry. It introduces various poetry terms and structures, and provides examples and activities to help students explore poetic devices like similes, metaphors, rhyme and rhythm. Activities encourage using poems as models and experimenting with different forms like acrostic, color and shape poems.
Approaches in literature teaching
The document discusses different approaches to teaching literature: periphrastic, information-based, and moral-philosophical. The periphrastic approach focuses on surface level meaning and is suitable for beginners. The information-based approach uses literature as an information source and involves teacher-centered activities. The moral-philosophical approach incorporates moral values and encourages students to connect themes to their lives. Each approach has benefits like easing comprehension, but also limitations such as over-reliance on teachers or lack of student engagement.
Teaching grammar
This document discusses grammar and its teaching. It begins by asking what grammar is and exploring spoken versus written grammar. Grammar is defined as the study of possible language forms. The document then discusses grammar syllabuses, reasons for and against teaching grammar, and different approaches to teaching grammar, including inductive and deductive. It provides tips for teaching grammar, emphasizing teaching grammar students need in a communicative way within a text context. The overall document explores different aspects of grammar and its instruction.
Discourse
This document provides information about discourse analysis. It defines discourse as language beyond the sentence level and discusses key concepts like cohesion, coherence, intentionality and context. It also outlines different types of discourse such as narrative, descriptive, argumentative. The document compares written and spoken discourse and highlights differences in areas like grammatical complexity, repetition and fillers. Context is emphasized as important for interpreting discourse.
Branches of literature
It is best to know the branches of literature since it evolves and involves our everyday life that connects individuals with larger truths and ideas in a society as it creates a way for people to record their thoughts and experiences that is accessible to others, through fictionalized accounts of the experience.
Stylistics - Norm and Deviation.
This document provides an overview of norm and deviation in stylistics. It discusses how deviation occurs when something departs from an established norm or convention. Deviations can happen at various linguistic levels, such as phonological, syntactic, or semantic levels. The document also categorizes different types of deviations, such as discourse deviation, semantic deviation, lexical deviation, and morphological deviation. It explains norms as regulators that control linguistic variants and how norms allow for flexible fluctuations in language.
American literature
This document provides an overview of major American literature movements and authors from the 17th century to the modernism era of the early 20th century. It discusses Native American oral traditions, the religious works of early Puritan settlers, and the emergence of genres like histories, autobiographies and poems. Key eras covered include the Enlightenment, Romanticism, Realism and Modernism. Major modernist authors profiled briefly are Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Faulkner, John Steinbeck, Tennessee Williams and Arthur Miller. The document also mentions poets Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot, Robert Frost, and Carl Sandburg, as well as the Harlem Renaissance literary movement
Cohesion, Coherence and Textuality
Cohesion and coherence are essential properties of written texts that aid readability and communication of ideas. Cohesion refers to the grammatical and lexical links between elements of a text, while coherence is the semantic unity between ideas. Some techniques that create cohesion and coherence include reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunctions, and lexical repetition. Together, cohesion and coherence allow readers to understand a text as a unified whole rather than a disjointed set of sentences.
Communicative competence
Communicative competence refers to an individual's knowledge and ability to use language appropriately in social contexts. It was proposed by Hymes as an expansion of Chomsky's notions of linguistic competence and performance. Hymes argued that communicative competence includes not just knowledge of grammar but also sociocultural knowledge necessary for effective communication. It encompasses grammatical, sociolinguistic, discourse and strategic competencies. Later theorists like Canale and Swain, and Bachman further developed and categorized the dimensions of communicative competence.
STYLISTICS: What is rhetoric
This document defines rhetoric and discusses its history and uses. It explains that rhetoric was defined by Aristotle as discovering all means of persuasion on a topic. Rhetoric can be used in speeches, which have three main types or genres. There are also many rhetorical devices that can be used in writing, such as alliteration, metaphor, and hyperbole, to draw attention to ideas and emphasize messages. Overall, the document discusses how understanding and using rhetoric can improve communication skills.
Teaching grammar
This document discusses various topics related to grammar including definitions, different approaches or kinds of grammar (such as traditional, historical, comparative, functional, and grammar translation), grammatical theories (traditional, immediate constituent, tagmemic, and transformational), parts of speech, sentence structure, classification of words, errors in language, drills to practice grammar, and tests of grammar knowledge. It provides information on inductive and deductive approaches to teaching grammar as well as common grammatical errors at the lexical, grammar, discourse, and pronunciation levels.
Literary criticism
Knowing the critic's specific purpose may be to make value judgments on a work, to explain his or her interpretation of the work, or to provide other readers with relevant historical or biographical information and the critic's general purpose, in most cases that is to enrich the reader's understanding of the literary work presented.
Intro. to Stylistics
This document provides an introduction to stylistics. It defines stylistics as the study and interpretation of texts from a linguistic perspective, linking literary criticism and linguistics. The document discusses topics like the objects of stylistic study, principles of stylistics, linguistic features that reveal meaning, concepts like foregrounding and collocation, and speech and thought presentation techniques.
Prose
This document provides an overview of prose as a literary form. It defines prose as ordinary written or spoken language without a metrical structure. The document then discusses the main types of prose, including fiction and non-fiction. It also examines key elements of prose like narrative, plot, character, setting, point of view, and theme. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like characterization, setting, and how point of view is employed in literary works.
English and American Literature (10 of 16)
English and American Literature (10 of 16)
Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) Reviewer for Majorship-English Secondary.
STYLISTICS: Discourse and Context 1: Function
The document discusses key concepts in analyzing text as discourse including definitions of text and discourse, and how texts make up discourse. It also covers functional categories and styles used in discourse analysis, such as modality, cohesion, transitivity, and discourse presentation. Modality refers to how opinions are expressed, and there are four types: epistemic, perception, deontic, and boulomic. Cohesion provides textual ties between units. Transitivity encodes meanings in clauses. Discourse presentation analyzes speech and thought representation with categories like direct and indirect speech.
World Englishes
This presentation discusses World Englishes and its emergence and development over time. It defines World Englishes as localized varieties of English that have developed in territories influenced by Britain. The presentation outlines different models of World Englishes, including Kachru's three-circle model classifying varieties based on their status. It also discusses debates around issues like errors versus differences in indigenous Englishes and the influence of languages and cultures on emerging Englishes. The presentation concludes by considering the future of World Englishes in terms of multilingualism, multiculturalism and linguistic human rights.
Translation studies
translation connects the world, and to be able to communicate with others. it transfers knowledge between the languages. to enable to communication between different people, and through translation, we help to understand each other.
Macro skills in learning
The document discusses the four macro skills of communication: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. It states that these are the fundamental skills needed to learn any language. When learning a new language, one must engage in balancing practice across all four of these skills. The skills that are not practiced will be weaker. The document then provides more details on each individual skill.
Learning Language Theories
How People Learn
Today, the primary theory is socio-constructivist—in which knowledge is understood to be importantly shaped by the context in which it is situated, and is actively constructed through social negotiation with others. On this understanding, learning environments should be where:
• Constructive, self-regulated learning is fostered
• The learning is sensitive to the context
• It will often be collaborative
Theoretical concepts do not yield concrete prescriptions for classroom application, but the good theory can be used flexibly and creatively by teachers in their planning and educational practice. At the same time, not all learning takes place in the classroom as much of it occurs at home, on the sports field, in museums and so forth (non-formal education), and sometimes implicitly and effortlessly (informal learning).
12 Learning Theories:
• Constructivism
• Behaviorism
• Piaget's Developmental Theory
• Neuroscience
• Brain-Based Learning
• Learning Styles
• Multiple Intelligences
• Right Brain/Left Brain
• Thinking
• Communities of Practice
• Control Theory
• Observational Learning
• Vygotsky and Social Cognition
Meter
This document discusses poetic meter and feet. It explains that meter gives poetry its unique rhythm and has two main parts - the number of syllables in each line and which syllables are stressed. To determine the meter, one scans a poem by identifying patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables called metrical feet. Common feet include iambs, trochees, anapests and dactyls. The meter of a poem is described using two words, such as iambic pentameter, with the first referring to the foot and the second referring to the number of feet per line. Examples are provided to illustrate different meters.
Levels of stylistic analysis
This document outlines different levels of stylistic analysis for examining written works, including graphology, phonology, grammar, lexical analysis, semantics, pragmatics, and discourse analysis. It provides examples of features analyzed at each level, such as rhyme schemes, punctuation, parts of speech, inferences, and repetitions. The document also discusses word frequency analysis and lists common literary devices and techniques.
The nature of language slideshare.net
The document discusses three key views of the nature of language: structural, communicative, and interactional. It also covers definitions of learning, theories of language learning including process-oriented and condition-oriented theories, and differences between approaches, methods, and techniques in language teaching. The structural view sees language as a system of related elements, while the communicative view sees it as a vehicle for expression of meaning. The interactional view regards language as a tool for social interaction.
Foregrounding
1. Literature uses techniques like defamiliarization and foregrounding to draw attention to language and arouse emotions in readers through deviations from ordinary usage.
2. Foregrounding refers to stylistic effects that make language prominent through deviations at the phonetic, semantic or other levels.
3. These deviations slow readers down and prolong reading time, allowing feelings to emerge that enrich understanding of the text.
Introduction to Stylistics (13 of 16)
Introduction to Stylistics (13 of 16)
Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) Reviewer for Majorship-English Secondary.
Speaking and Writing
This document discusses speaking as an interactive process of constructing meaning between a speaker and hearer. It addresses factors like linguistic form, physical context, and sociocultural norms that influence oral communication. Misunderstandings can occur due to a lack of shared linguistic or cultural knowledge between participants. While speaking involves difficult skills like producing speech and comprehending language, it can also incorporate easier elements like body language. The document outlines theories and aspects of effective speaking like turn-taking rules, maintaining coherence, and accommodating the listener.
Characteristics of Spoken Language
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
More Related Content
What's hot
Stylistics - Norm and Deviation.
This document provides an overview of norm and deviation in stylistics. It discusses how deviation occurs when something departs from an established norm or convention. Deviations can happen at various linguistic levels, such as phonological, syntactic, or semantic levels. The document also categorizes different types of deviations, such as discourse deviation, semantic deviation, lexical deviation, and morphological deviation. It explains norms as regulators that control linguistic variants and how norms allow for flexible fluctuations in language.
American literature
This document provides an overview of major American literature movements and authors from the 17th century to the modernism era of the early 20th century. It discusses Native American oral traditions, the religious works of early Puritan settlers, and the emergence of genres like histories, autobiographies and poems. Key eras covered include the Enlightenment, Romanticism, Realism and Modernism. Major modernist authors profiled briefly are Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Faulkner, John Steinbeck, Tennessee Williams and Arthur Miller. The document also mentions poets Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot, Robert Frost, and Carl Sandburg, as well as the Harlem Renaissance literary movement
Cohesion, Coherence and Textuality
Cohesion and coherence are essential properties of written texts that aid readability and communication of ideas. Cohesion refers to the grammatical and lexical links between elements of a text, while coherence is the semantic unity between ideas. Some techniques that create cohesion and coherence include reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunctions, and lexical repetition. Together, cohesion and coherence allow readers to understand a text as a unified whole rather than a disjointed set of sentences.
Communicative competence
Communicative competence refers to an individual's knowledge and ability to use language appropriately in social contexts. It was proposed by Hymes as an expansion of Chomsky's notions of linguistic competence and performance. Hymes argued that communicative competence includes not just knowledge of grammar but also sociocultural knowledge necessary for effective communication. It encompasses grammatical, sociolinguistic, discourse and strategic competencies. Later theorists like Canale and Swain, and Bachman further developed and categorized the dimensions of communicative competence.
STYLISTICS: What is rhetoric
This document defines rhetoric and discusses its history and uses. It explains that rhetoric was defined by Aristotle as discovering all means of persuasion on a topic. Rhetoric can be used in speeches, which have three main types or genres. There are also many rhetorical devices that can be used in writing, such as alliteration, metaphor, and hyperbole, to draw attention to ideas and emphasize messages. Overall, the document discusses how understanding and using rhetoric can improve communication skills.
Teaching grammar
This document discusses various topics related to grammar including definitions, different approaches or kinds of grammar (such as traditional, historical, comparative, functional, and grammar translation), grammatical theories (traditional, immediate constituent, tagmemic, and transformational), parts of speech, sentence structure, classification of words, errors in language, drills to practice grammar, and tests of grammar knowledge. It provides information on inductive and deductive approaches to teaching grammar as well as common grammatical errors at the lexical, grammar, discourse, and pronunciation levels.
Literary criticism
Knowing the critic's specific purpose may be to make value judgments on a work, to explain his or her interpretation of the work, or to provide other readers with relevant historical or biographical information and the critic's general purpose, in most cases that is to enrich the reader's understanding of the literary work presented.
Intro. to Stylistics
This document provides an introduction to stylistics. It defines stylistics as the study and interpretation of texts from a linguistic perspective, linking literary criticism and linguistics. The document discusses topics like the objects of stylistic study, principles of stylistics, linguistic features that reveal meaning, concepts like foregrounding and collocation, and speech and thought presentation techniques.
Prose
This document provides an overview of prose as a literary form. It defines prose as ordinary written or spoken language without a metrical structure. The document then discusses the main types of prose, including fiction and non-fiction. It also examines key elements of prose like narrative, plot, character, setting, point of view, and theme. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like characterization, setting, and how point of view is employed in literary works.
English and American Literature (10 of 16)
English and American Literature (10 of 16)
Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) Reviewer for Majorship-English Secondary.
STYLISTICS: Discourse and Context 1: Function
The document discusses key concepts in analyzing text as discourse including definitions of text and discourse, and how texts make up discourse. It also covers functional categories and styles used in discourse analysis, such as modality, cohesion, transitivity, and discourse presentation. Modality refers to how opinions are expressed, and there are four types: epistemic, perception, deontic, and boulomic. Cohesion provides textual ties between units. Transitivity encodes meanings in clauses. Discourse presentation analyzes speech and thought representation with categories like direct and indirect speech.
World Englishes
This presentation discusses World Englishes and its emergence and development over time. It defines World Englishes as localized varieties of English that have developed in territories influenced by Britain. The presentation outlines different models of World Englishes, including Kachru's three-circle model classifying varieties based on their status. It also discusses debates around issues like errors versus differences in indigenous Englishes and the influence of languages and cultures on emerging Englishes. The presentation concludes by considering the future of World Englishes in terms of multilingualism, multiculturalism and linguistic human rights.
Translation studies
translation connects the world, and to be able to communicate with others. it transfers knowledge between the languages. to enable to communication between different people, and through translation, we help to understand each other.
Macro skills in learning
The document discusses the four macro skills of communication: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. It states that these are the fundamental skills needed to learn any language. When learning a new language, one must engage in balancing practice across all four of these skills. The skills that are not practiced will be weaker. The document then provides more details on each individual skill.
Learning Language Theories
How People Learn
Today, the primary theory is socio-constructivist—in which knowledge is understood to be importantly shaped by the context in which it is situated, and is actively constructed through social negotiation with others. On this understanding, learning environments should be where:
• Constructive, self-regulated learning is fostered
• The learning is sensitive to the context
• It will often be collaborative
Theoretical concepts do not yield concrete prescriptions for classroom application, but the good theory can be used flexibly and creatively by teachers in their planning and educational practice. At the same time, not all learning takes place in the classroom as much of it occurs at home, on the sports field, in museums and so forth (non-formal education), and sometimes implicitly and effortlessly (informal learning).
12 Learning Theories:
• Constructivism
• Behaviorism
• Piaget's Developmental Theory
• Neuroscience
• Brain-Based Learning
• Learning Styles
• Multiple Intelligences
• Right Brain/Left Brain
• Thinking
• Communities of Practice
• Control Theory
• Observational Learning
• Vygotsky and Social Cognition
Meter
This document discusses poetic meter and feet. It explains that meter gives poetry its unique rhythm and has two main parts - the number of syllables in each line and which syllables are stressed. To determine the meter, one scans a poem by identifying patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables called metrical feet. Common feet include iambs, trochees, anapests and dactyls. The meter of a poem is described using two words, such as iambic pentameter, with the first referring to the foot and the second referring to the number of feet per line. Examples are provided to illustrate different meters.
Levels of stylistic analysis
This document outlines different levels of stylistic analysis for examining written works, including graphology, phonology, grammar, lexical analysis, semantics, pragmatics, and discourse analysis. It provides examples of features analyzed at each level, such as rhyme schemes, punctuation, parts of speech, inferences, and repetitions. The document also discusses word frequency analysis and lists common literary devices and techniques.
The nature of language slideshare.net
The document discusses three key views of the nature of language: structural, communicative, and interactional. It also covers definitions of learning, theories of language learning including process-oriented and condition-oriented theories, and differences between approaches, methods, and techniques in language teaching. The structural view sees language as a system of related elements, while the communicative view sees it as a vehicle for expression of meaning. The interactional view regards language as a tool for social interaction.
Foregrounding
1. Literature uses techniques like defamiliarization and foregrounding to draw attention to language and arouse emotions in readers through deviations from ordinary usage.
2. Foregrounding refers to stylistic effects that make language prominent through deviations at the phonetic, semantic or other levels.
3. These deviations slow readers down and prolong reading time, allowing feelings to emerge that enrich understanding of the text.
Introduction to Stylistics (13 of 16)
Introduction to Stylistics (13 of 16)
Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) Reviewer for Majorship-English Secondary.
What's hot (20)
Viewers also liked
Speaking and Writing
This document discusses speaking as an interactive process of constructing meaning between a speaker and hearer. It addresses factors like linguistic form, physical context, and sociocultural norms that influence oral communication. Misunderstandings can occur due to a lack of shared linguistic or cultural knowledge between participants. While speaking involves difficult skills like producing speech and comprehending language, it can also incorporate easier elements like body language. The document outlines theories and aspects of effective speaking like turn-taking rules, maintaining coherence, and accommodating the listener.
Characteristics of Spoken Language
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
connected speech
The document discusses features of connected speech in English, including assimilation, reduction, elision, and liaison. Assimilation refers to changes in sounds due to neighboring sounds, such as "this" becoming "thish" before "shop." Reduction involves shortening and weakening sounds like vowels. Elision is the omission of sounds, like the "t" sound in "next week." Liaison is the smooth joining of words, such as the "r" sound being pronounced in "car is" instead of just "car is." These features help English speech flow smoothly and quickly between words.
Differences between spoken and written discourse
This document outlines the key differences between spoken and written discourse as presented in a lecture. It discusses 7 commonly held differences: grammatical intricacy, lexical density, nominalization, explicitness, contextualization, spontaneity, and repetition/hesitations. For each, it presents the commonly held view and potential rebuttals. It concludes by discussing McCarthy's view that these differences exist on a continuum rather than as absolute distinctions, and that genres can vary considerably within the spoken and written modes.
Spoken and written language presentation
This is a slides about spoken and written language. In this presentation I put the main differences between these two types of languages.
Spoken vs written
Spoken and written language have both similarities and differences. Spoken language is unplanned, interactive, and uses gestures, intonation, and repetition. Written language is more planned, organized, and uses punctuation. Some key differences are that spoken language is transient and uses timing/tone for context while written language is permanent and uses formatting. Both forms of language are important parts of communication.
Speaking skill presentation
Speaking involves the vocalized production of language in real time through the use of the speech organs. It is the hardest of the four language skills due to the limited time for planning. Speaking requires conceptualizing ideas, formulating them syntactically and lexically, articulating sounds, self-monitoring, and employing fluency strategies like pausing, fillers and prefabricated language chunks. Fluency depends on factors like speech rate, length of pauses, and use of fillers. Successful speaking also requires turn-taking skills and knowledge of genres, contexts, and social relationships.
Viewers also liked (7)
Similar to The difference between
Lecture notes 2
This document distinguishes between language systems and language skills. It discusses the key components of language systems, including phonology, lexis, grammar, morphology, syntax, and functional and situational aspects. It also outlines the four main language skills - listening, speaking, reading, and writing - and how they relate to each other as receptive or productive skills involving spoken or written communication. The document emphasizes that an integrated approach to teaching language systems and skills is important for effective language learning and communication.
Methods & approaches ubo
This document discusses language teaching methods and approaches. It defines an approach as a theory about language and learning, and a method as the practical execution of an approach through specific procedures and techniques. Several key approaches are described, including structural, situational, communicative, and lexical. Common language teaching methods like grammar translation, audiolingualism, direct method, PPP, silent way, and CLT are also outlined. The document explains that methods answer questions about how language should be presented, sequenced, and practiced through various activities and techniques.
Using Corpus Linguistics to Teach ESL Pronunication
This study analyzed lexical bundles (4-word phrases) in the Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English to understand pronunciation patterns actually used on a university campus. The most common bundles were participant-oriented and included contractions like "I don't know", showing students frequently qualify their speech. Analyzing bundle syntax, semantics and phonology has implications for teaching connected speech and how contractions convey meaning and attitudes for English language learners. While limited by decontextualized data, this corpus analysis provides a starting point for further applied classroom research on pronunciation and how non-native speakers communicate meaning.
English Class
The document discusses new approaches to teaching English in India. It advocates moving away from conventional grammar-based and rote learning methods towards more activity-oriented and self-learning approaches. The national curriculum framework recommends linking learning to students' lives outside school to reduce the gap between school, home, and community. It also discourages strictly separating subject areas. The document discusses constructing knowledge through interaction and experience. It outlines the four skills of language learning - listening, speaking, reading, and writing - and provides examples of activities to develop each skill. It advocates continuous and comprehensive evaluation over high-stakes exams to improve the teaching-learning process.
Foreign languge acquisition by Gayathri R.
The document discusses various topics related to foreign language acquisition including language learning theories, strategies for acquiring European and Asian languages, habits leading to language competency, and using mobile apps for language learning. It provides tips for acquiring vocabulary and grammar in different languages and debunks common myths about language learning. Recommendations are made for crafting an effective language acquisition plan focusing on goals, resources, practice and finding a language study buddy. Various tools for vocabulary building like Frayer's model and online resources are also introduced.
agung Power point listening
This document discusses key aspects of teaching listening and speaking skills to language learners. It addresses what makes these skills difficult, different types of listening and speaking, principles for teaching them, and sample activities. Some of the main points covered include the various factors that can impact listening comprehension, such as rate of delivery and colloquial language. Both bottom-up and top-down listening strategies are recommended for instruction. Speaking activities should focus on fluency and accuracy as well as use authentic contexts. Pronunciation teaching may focus more on prosody than individual sounds.
Unit 7- 8 (TKT)
Criteria Excellent Very Good Satisfactory Needs Improvement
Content
The content is well
researched,
detailed, and
accurate.
The content is
researched in some
detail and is
generally accurate.
The content is
researched but lacks
detail or has some
inaccuracies.
The content is not
well researched and
has inaccuracies.
Organization
The presentation is
very well
structured and
organized with
clear, logical
progression of
ideas.
The presentation
has a clear
structure, though
some ideas may be
presented out of
order.
The presentation
has a structure but
the
Discourse Analysis. Simple Introduction pptx
Discourse analysis is the study of language use in context beyond the sentence level. It examines how language is used functionally in different contexts like conversations, debates, interviews, and negotiations. Discourse considers both spoken and written language, though spoken language came first and is less formal than written language. Features like intonation patterns, turn-taking, and power dynamics between speakers are important to analyze language use beyond just form and structure. Critical discourse analysis further examines how social and political contexts can influence language and critical thinking.
How can EFL Pronunciation be Taught
Pronunciation is a crucial aspect of Language Teaching. Students have different phonetic abilities due to biological and physiological differences. Some are more sensitive to sounds and are better at imitating sounds than others.
This document details some important aspects of teaching Pronunciation to EFL learners
Approaches and Methods in English Language Teaching
This document summarizes and compares several language teaching methods: Grammar Translation, Direct Method, Audio-Lingualism, and Communicative Language Teaching. It outlines the theories of language and learning underlying each method, their principles and characteristics, typical classroom activities and goals. The final section contrasts key differences between Communicative Language Teaching and Audio-Lingualism, emphasizing that CLT prioritizes meaningful communication over structure and form.
Language arts
The document discusses language arts and its key components. It notes that language arts incorporates four skills - reading, writing, listening, and speaking - as well as visual literacy. It emphasizes that these skills are interrelated and should not be taught discretely. Some tips provided for teaching language arts effectively include incorporating modern technologies, focusing on tasks over errors, and using portfolio-based and project-based assessments. Examples of classroom activities that engage multiple language arts skills, like shared reading and word sorting, are also outlined.
Approaches & Methods in Language Teaching
This document discusses the history and evolution of different language teaching methods. It begins with the Grammar Translation Method (GTM), then discusses reforms that led to the Direct Method. Next, it covers the Audiolingual Method and Total Physical Response. Finally, it introduces Communicative Language Teaching as an approach that focuses on communicative competence rather than grammar structures. Key differences between methods such as their use of the native language, focus on grammar rules, and emphasis on spoken or written language are also outlined.
Challenges in the teaching and testing of speaking
This document discusses challenges in teaching and testing speaking skills. It is divided into four parts: 1) defining speaking and its genres, 2) how to teach conversation skills, 3) common evaluation methods, and 4) ideas to improve teaching and testing. The key points are that speaking encompasses different genres beyond presentations and interviews; conversation is the most important skill but often not taught or tested; and evaluations should match what is taught in the classroom.
teaching-language-skills-tefl-ppt.pptx
The document discusses various methods for teaching language skills by integrating the four skills of speaking, listening, reading and writing. It provides examples of different models for integrated skills approaches, including content-based instruction, theme-based instruction, experiential teaching, the episode hypothesis, and task-based teaching. It also discusses strategies for teaching specific skills like listening, speaking and reading, highlighting techniques, principles, and types of classroom activities for each.
Vocabulary i
The document provides definitions and explanations of various vocabulary-related terms. It begins by outlining learning objectives around developing vocabulary skills like using context clues, note-taking on word research, and using vocabulary precisely. It then defines and distinguishes terms like core language, variety, dialect, jargon, code, vernacular, slang, pidgin, lingo, and patois. Examples and explanations are provided for concepts like Kachru's three circles of English, idioms, collocations, fixed expressions, and metaphorical idioms involving parts of the body. The document emphasizes learning vocabulary in context and as chunks or multi-word units rather than individual words.
Beyond Linguistic Accuracy: What speaking tests must also evaluate
This document discusses the evaluation of speaking skills and proposes that tests must consider more than just linguistic accuracy. It notes that speaking involves different genres like conversations and presentations. While most tests evaluate skills like presentations, conversations require interactive abilities that are rarely tested. The document suggests teaching and testing a variety of speaking genres, including making conversations a priority and evaluating interactive communication skills in addition to linguistic proficiency.
Teaching language-skills
This document discusses various approaches to integrating language skills and teaching language skills. It discusses content-based instruction, theme-based instruction, experiential teaching, the episode hypothesis, and task-based teaching as models for integrating skills. It then provides details on teaching listening, speaking, reading, writing, grammar, vocabulary and conversation. For each skill, it discusses relevant research, types of classroom performance, principles for designing techniques, and examples of techniques.
ReadingFirstv3
The document summarizes research on effective reading instruction for kindergarten through 3rd grade students. It identifies 5 areas of reading instruction supported by research: phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and text comprehension. For each area, it provides key findings from studies on effective instructional strategies and how teachers can implement them in the classroom. The overall message is that teaching these reading components systematically and explicitly helps students learn to read successfully.
Elt methodology teaching speaking
The document discusses teaching speaking skills from theory to practice. It outlines three types of speaking: interaction, transaction, and performance. For each type, it describes key features and implications for teaching. It also discusses approaches to teaching speaking, including direct and indirect approaches. As an example, it summarizes a task-based approach used to teach oral communication skills to engineering students in India. This involved activities like presentations, discussions, and role-plays to improve students' confidence and ability to communicate effectively in academic settings.
Similar to The difference between (20)
Using Corpus Linguistics to Teach ESL Pronunication
Using Corpus Linguistics to Teach ESL Pronunication
Approaches and Methods in English Language Teaching
Approaches and Methods in English Language Teaching
Challenges in the teaching and testing of speaking
Challenges in the teaching and testing of speaking
Beyond Linguistic Accuracy: What speaking tests must also evaluate
Beyond Linguistic Accuracy: What speaking tests must also evaluate
Recently uploaded
Italy vs Albania Soul and sacrifice' are the keys to success for Albania at E...
We offer UEFA Euro 2024 Tickets to admirers who can get Italy vs Albania Tickets through our trusted online ticketing marketplace. Eticketing. co is the most reliable source for booking Euro Cup Final Tickets. Sign up for the latest Euro Cup Germany Ticket alert.
MESH IPL 2024 REport_Wavemaker India.pdf
According to the report, the consumption of video content related to IPL 2024 has seen significant growth, nearly 3 times more than the previous season, reflecting an increasing interest of fans.
Belgium vs Slovakia Belgium Euro 2024 Golden Generation Faces Euro Cup Final ...
We offer Euro Cup Tickets to admirers who can get Belgium vs Slovakia Tickets through our trusted online ticketing marketplace. Eticketing.co is the most reliable source for booking Euro Cup Final Tickets. Sign up for the latest Euro Cup Germany Ticket alert.
Croatia vs Italy Modric's Last Dance Croatia's UEFA Euro 2024 Journey and Ita...
UEFA Euro 2024 fans worldwide can book Croatia vs Italy Tickets from our online platform www.eticketing.co. Fans can book Euro Cup Germany Tickets on our website at discounted prices.
Luciano Spalletti Leads Italy's Transition at UEFA Euro 2024.docx
Italy are the defending European champs, but after Luciano Spalletti swapped Roberto Mancini last September, they are still taking the cautious first steps of a new era
Psaroudakis: Family and Football – The Psaroudakis Success Story
Psaroudakis, a name that resonates with football fans around the globe, is a testament to the powerful synergy between familial support and individual passion. Born on March 10, 1992, in the historic city of Heraklion, Crete, Psaroudakis’ journey to international football stardom is a compelling narrative of dedication, perseverance, and unwavering family support. His story not only highlights his athletic prowess but also underscores the crucial role his family played in shaping his career and character.
Psaroudakis’ early life in Heraklion was deeply influenced by a supportive and nurturing family environment. His father, a former semi-professional footballer, recognized Psaroudakis’ potential from an early age. Acting as his first coach, his father’s guidance was instrumental in igniting Psaroudakis’ passion for football. This paternal influence instilled in him a strong work ethic and fundamental skills that would become the foundation of his future success. His mother, a dedicated homemaker, provided a stable and nurturing environment, ensuring that Psaroudakis could pursue his dreams without any hindrances.
From a young age, Psaroudakis showed an innate talent for football. Growing up in Heraklion, he spent countless hours playing football in local parks and streets with friends and family. His natural ability was evident even in these informal settings, and his enthusiasm for the game was infectious. By the age of five, Psaroudakis had joined a local youth football club, where his skills began to flourish. His father’s role as his first coach during these formative years was crucial, as he emphasized not only technical skills but also the importance of discipline and teamwork.
The transition from playing in local parks to joining a structured football environment marked a significant step in Psaroudakis’ journey. At the age of ten, he joined the youth academy of OFI Crete, one of Greece’s most esteemed football clubs. This move marked the beginning of a more rigorous and professional approach to his training. The academy environment was demanding, focusing on honing technical abilities and instilling values of sportsmanship and dedication. Psaroudakis’ dedication to his craft was evident as he quickly rose through the ranks, becoming a standout player in the youth teams.
The support of Psaroudakis’ family was unwavering during this critical period. His father continued to be a source of guidance and mentorship, while his mother ensured that he had everything he needed to succeed. Their collective efforts created a balanced environment where Psaroudakis could focus entirely on his development as a footballer. This familial support was not just about providing the basics; it was about creating an environment where Psaroudakis felt encouraged and motivated to pursue his dreams relentlessly.
As Psaroudakis transitioned from the youth academy to professional football, the challenges became more significant.
Boletin de la I Copa Panamericana de Voleibol Femenino U17 Guatemala 2024
holaesungusto.- Boletín final de la I Copa Panamericana de Voleibol Femenino U17 - Ciudad de Guatemala 2024 que se realizó del 27 de mayo al 01 de julio, en el Domo Polideportivo Zona 13.
Fuente: norceca.net
Switzerland vs Germany At UEFA Euro 2024 the Full squad, preview, match sched...
the Swiss have a reputation for finding a way to compete at major UEFA Euro 2024 tournaments, divested by the pressure
Belgium vs Romania Ultimate Guide to Euro Cup 2024 Tactics, Ticketing, and Qu...
Euro Cup 2024 fans worldwide can book Belgium vs Romania Tickets from our online platform www.eticketing.co. Fans can book Euro Cup Germany Tickets on our website at discounted prices.
Turkey Hit by Double Injury Blow before of Euro 2024.docx
Turkey will be without Caglar Soyuncu and Enes Unal for this summer's UEFA Euro 2024, as the pair have had to withdraw from the preliminary squad
Turkey vs Georgia Tickets: Turkey's Provisional Squad for UEFA Euro 2024, Key...
Euro Cup Germany fans worldwide can book Euro 2024 Tickets from our online platform www.eticketing.co.Fans can book Euro Cup 2024 Tickets on our website at discounted prices.
Belgium vs Romania Injuries and Patience in Belgium’s Euro Cup Germany Squad....
Belgium coach Domenico Tedesco will wait for several key players to recover from injury. Even if it means they miss the opening Euro Cup Germany stages of the European Championship in Germany this month. Veteran defender Jan Vertonghen, midfielder Youri Tielemans and defender Arthur. Theate are being given time to play in the tournament because they are considered vital to Belgium’s cause, Tedesco said on Tuesday.
We offer Euro Cup Tickets to admirers who can get Belgium vs Romania Tickets through our trusted online ticketing marketplace. Eticketing.co is the most reliable source for booking Euro Cup Final Tickets. Sign up for the latest Euro Cup Germany Ticket alert.
UEFA Euro 2024 Tickets | Euro 2024 Tickets | Euro Cup Germany Tickets | Belgium vs Romania Tickets
"Of course, you prefer to take players who are fully fit, but that's okay. We want to wait and be patient for some players even if they cannot play in those first matches," he told a press conference. The 37-year-old Vertonghen, Belgium’s Euro Cup 2024 most-capped international with 154 appearances, is struggling to shake off a groin injury.
"He will be there normally. This also applies to Youri Tielemans and Arthur Theate. The latter's position is very sensitive. We don't have many choices at left back. "It will only change if it turns out that they will only be available when, say, the final of the Euro 2024 Championship comes around. That's too long to wait. "However, I am confident that the injured boys are on track for the Euros.
Belgium vs Romania: Radu Dragusin Prepares for Crucial Role in Euro Cup Germany
Some of them have taken not one but two steps forward in their rehabilitation," he said. None of the injured players will feature in this week’s warm-up friendlies against Montenegro and Luxembourg. Romania centre-back Radu Dragusin found chances limited at Tottenham Hotspur in the second half of the 2023-24 season.
But is crucial to his country's cause at UEFA Euro 2024 where his aerial ability, physicality and hard graft make him a standout player. The 22-year-old moved to North London from Italian side Genoa in January but was kept on the sidelines by the form of another new arrival for the season, Mickey van de Ven, something Romania coach Edward Iordanescu admitted was a concern.
It will mean limited game-time going into the finals, but Dragusin, who cites Netherlands defender Virgil van Dijk as a role model, started every Euro Cup Germany qualifier as Romania went through the campaign unbeaten in their 10 games. He will be among their most important players in their first game in Germany against Ukraine in Munich on June 17, taking the right centre-back role in what is likely to be a back four.
UEFA Euro 2024 Tickets | Euro 2024 Tickets | Euro Cup Germany Tickets | Belgium vs Romania Tickets
Euro fans worldwide can book Euro Cup Germany Tickets from our online platform, www.eticketing.co. Fans can book Euro Cup 2024 Tickets on our website at discounted prices.
Match By Match Detailed Schedule Of The ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2024.pdf
20 Teams, One Trophy: What to Expect from the ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2024
The ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2024 is set to be an exciting event, co-hosted by the West Indies and the USA from June 1 to June 29, 2024. This edition of the tournament will feature a record 20 teams divided into four groups, competing across 55 matches for the prestigious title.
Understanding Golf Simulator Equipment A Beginner's Guide.pdf
Dive into golf simulation with our beginner's guide, perfect for anyone new to the concept. Understand the critical components like sturdy frames, high-quality impact screens, and side netting that ensure your safety and enrich your practice sessions. Learn the benefits of proper projector mounts and compatibility with your existing setup. This guide helps you make informed choices, transforming your home into a realistic and effective golfing practice environment.
For More Information-: https://mygaragegolf.com/shop
Netherlands vs Austria Netherlands Face Familiar Foes in Euro Cup Germany Gro...
The Netherlands are in Group D in Euro Cup Germany - and, unpaid to this, they will be coming up against familiar foes. Remarkably, they have played France, who have fashioned some of the greatest players of all time, 30 times throughout history. Despite France being more effective in major competitions, including captivating the World Cup in 2018, Holland have the greater head-to-head record.
We offer Euro Cup Tickets to admirers who can get Netherlands vs Austria Tickets through our trusted online ticketing marketplace. Eticketing.co is the most reliable source for booking Euro Cup Final Tickets. Sign up for the latest Euro Cup Germany Ticket alert.
UEFA Euro 2024 Tickets | Euro 2024 Tickets | Netherlands vs Austria Tickets
However, in 2023, they played one another twice, with France endearing both matches 4-0 and 2-1 individually. Against Poland and Austria, the Netherlands also have a stout record, winning just under half the matches. They faced Austria at Euro 2020, engaging 2-0, and they haven't lost to Poland since 1979.
The lettering is on the wall for Holland to qualify for the knockouts, but nothing is failsafe. The Netherlands kickstart their Euros campaign against Poland on Sunday, June 16th. In Hamburg, they will have to go up against one of the best strikers in the world, Robert Lewandowski.
Netherlands vs Austria: Tough Challenges Await the Netherlands in Euro Cup Germany
Five days later, they travel south to face France in Leipzig, a side led by Kylian Mbappe - one of the finest players in the world currently and one of the most impressive players in his nation's history. To conclude, they face Austria in Berlin, knowing it could be the end of the road if they don't perform.
Ronald Koeman is widely considered one of the more successful Dutch managers in Premier League history, considering the nation has a reputation for struggling to replicate their talents in England. The former Everton manager went against that script and shone — and now he is back managing his nation.
UEFA Euro 2024 Tickets | Euro 2024 Tickets | Euro Cup Germany Tickets | Netherlands vs Austria Tickets
Euro fans worldwide can book Euro Cup Germany Tickets from our online platform, www.eticketing.co. Fans can book Euro Cup 2024 Tickets on our website at discounted prices.
Netherlands vs Austria: Ronald Koeman's Tactical Approach For UEFA Euro 2024
As well as being the highest-scoring defender in history, Koeman is a man with immense tactical knowledge. He returned to manage Holland at the start of 2023 after it was announced Louis van Gaal would retire. His life back in the dugout with the team wasn't easy, as he lost his first match 4-0 to France after going 3-0 down within 21 minutes.
However, he eventually helped them qualify for Euro Cup Germany. The 61-year-old likes to organize his team with a defensive mindset. Some might call it pragmatic as he defends with minimal space between the lines, but that's often needed for international football.
Spain vs Croatia Spain aims to put aside the RFEF crisis as they chase Euro C...
We offer UEFA Euro 2024 Tickets to admirers who can get Spain vs Croatia Tickets through our trusted online ticketing marketplace. Eticketing. co is the most reliable source for booking Euro Cup Final Tickets. Sign up for the latest Euro Cup Germany Ticket alert.
Spain vs Croatia Euro 2024 Spain's Chance to Shine on the International Stage...
Euro 2024 fans worldwide can book Spain vs Croatia Tickets from our online platform www.eticketing.co. Fans can book Euro Cup Germany Tickets on our website at discounted prices.
Recently uploaded (20)
Italy vs Albania Soul and sacrifice' are the keys to success for Albania at E...
Italy vs Albania Soul and sacrifice' are the keys to success for Albania at E...
Belgium vs Slovakia Belgium Euro 2024 Golden Generation Faces Euro Cup Final ...
Belgium vs Slovakia Belgium Euro 2024 Golden Generation Faces Euro Cup Final ...
Croatia vs Italy Modric's Last Dance Croatia's UEFA Euro 2024 Journey and Ita...
Croatia vs Italy Modric's Last Dance Croatia's UEFA Euro 2024 Journey and Ita...
Luciano Spalletti Leads Italy's Transition at UEFA Euro 2024.docx
Luciano Spalletti Leads Italy's Transition at UEFA Euro 2024.docx
Psaroudakis: Family and Football – The Psaroudakis Success Story
Psaroudakis: Family and Football – The Psaroudakis Success Story
Boletin de la I Copa Panamericana de Voleibol Femenino U17 Guatemala 2024
Boletin de la I Copa Panamericana de Voleibol Femenino U17 Guatemala 2024
Switzerland vs Germany At UEFA Euro 2024 the Full squad, preview, match sched...
Switzerland vs Germany At UEFA Euro 2024 the Full squad, preview, match sched...
Belgium vs Romania Ultimate Guide to Euro Cup 2024 Tactics, Ticketing, and Qu...
Belgium vs Romania Ultimate Guide to Euro Cup 2024 Tactics, Ticketing, and Qu...
Turkey Hit by Double Injury Blow before of Euro 2024.docx
Turkey Hit by Double Injury Blow before of Euro 2024.docx
Turkey vs Georgia Tickets: Turkey's Provisional Squad for UEFA Euro 2024, Key...
Turkey vs Georgia Tickets: Turkey's Provisional Squad for UEFA Euro 2024, Key...
Belgium vs Romania Injuries and Patience in Belgium’s Euro Cup Germany Squad....
Belgium vs Romania Injuries and Patience in Belgium’s Euro Cup Germany Squad....
Match By Match Detailed Schedule Of The ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2024.pdf
Match By Match Detailed Schedule Of The ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2024.pdf
Understanding Golf Simulator Equipment A Beginner's Guide.pdf
Understanding Golf Simulator Equipment A Beginner's Guide.pdf
Netherlands vs Austria Netherlands Face Familiar Foes in Euro Cup Germany Gro...
Netherlands vs Austria Netherlands Face Familiar Foes in Euro Cup Germany Gro...
Spain vs Croatia Spain aims to put aside the RFEF crisis as they chase Euro C...
Spain vs Croatia Spain aims to put aside the RFEF crisis as they chase Euro C...
Spain vs Croatia Euro 2024 Spain's Chance to Shine on the International Stage...
Spain vs Croatia Euro 2024 Spain's Chance to Shine on the International Stage...
The difference between
- 1. The difference between written and spoken language • Written grammar Sentence is the basic unit of construction Clauses are often embedded (subordination) Sub+verb+object construction Reported speech favored Precision favored Little ellipsis No question tags No performance effects • Spoken grammar Clause is the basic unit of construction Clauses are usually added (coord) Head+body+tail construction Direct speech favored Vagueness tolerated A lot of ellipsis Many question tags Performance effects: Hesitations Repeats False starts Incompletion Systanctic blends
- 2. So…What is SPEAKING? • It is the vocalized form of human communication. It is a process that starts in the mind. • Speaking includes 4 competencies: Grammatical Discoursive Strategic Sociocultural
- 3. Bibliographical references: • Brown Douglas, Teaching by principles, USA, Pearson- Longman • Richards Jack, Renandya Willy, Methodology in Language Teaching, UK, Cambridge University Press, 2005 • Thornbury Scott, How to Teach Speaking, UK, Pearson-Longman, 2005