This document discusses several conditions affecting the testes and adjacent structures, including orchitis, epididymitis, hydrocele, and varicocele. Orchitis is defined as an inflammation of the testes that can be caused by bacterial, viral, spirochetal, parasitic, traumatic, chemical or unknown factors. Risk factors include not being immunized against mumps, having recurrent UTIs, prior genital or urinary tract surgery, multiple sexual partners, and history of STDs. Symptoms include acute scrotal pain, edema, and tenderness, as well as potential fever, nausea and vomiting. Treatment involves antibiotics if bacterial, along with NSAIDs, analgesics, bed rest, scrotal elevation,

1. CONDITIONS AFFECTING
TESTES & ADJACENT
STRUCTURES

2. • ORCHITIS
•EPIDIDYMITIS
•HYDROCELE
• VARICOCELE
• TESTICULAR CANCER

3. • Orchitis ( Orchitis is an inflammation of the
testes)
• Epididymitis ( is an infection or Inflammation
of the Epididymis)
• Hydrocele ( is a condition of collection of fluid
in the tunica Vaginails of the testes)

4. • varicocele ( is a condition an abnormal
dilation of the veins in the scrotum)
• Testicular cancer

5. ORCHITIS
• Orchitis is an inflammation of the one or
both testes, caused by bactrial, viral,
spirochetal, parasitic, traumatic,
chemical or unknown factors.
• The more common cause of isolated
orchitis is mumps.

6. • Bactrial causes usually spread from an
associated Epididymitis in sexually active men.
• Causative orginsms include
• Neisseria gonorrhea
• chlamydia trachomatis
• E. Coli
• Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, staphylococcus species
and streptococcus species.

7. RISK FACTORS
• Not being immunized against mumps
• Having recurrent UTI
•Any surgery involving the genitals or
urinary tract
• Multiple sexual partners
•History of STDs

8. Clinical manifestations
• Acute scrtoal pain and edema and
tender.
• Pain ranging from mild to severe (the
term testicle pain also called “ groin
pain”
• in some cases fever and nausea and
vomiting.

9. Complications
• Testicular atrophy
• Scrtoal abscess
• Recurrent Epididymitis
• Infertility

10. Assessment and diagnostic findings
• History and physical examination
•Testicular examination
•STDs screening
• Ultra sound

11. Treatment
• If Bactrial orchitis antibiotics are the
first line treatment
• NSAIDSs or analgesics for reducing
pain and anti inflammatory drugs.
• Bed rest and scrotum elevated
•Cold packs