its about the eye cancer and its management

1. EYE CANCER
NEHA KEWAT
TUTOR

2. Eye tumor is otherwise known
as ocular tumors. It is an
abnormal grows in the eye,
and it can be malignant or
benign.
The most common type of eye
tumor is metastatic, caused
by cancer that has spread
from one part of the body to
another, often coming from
the lung, breast, bowel, or
prostate.

3. ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS :-
1.Over the age of 50 years, and rare in children
2.Common in White people and less common in Black
people
3.Men and women are equally affected by intraocular
melanoma.
4.Medical history
5.Family history
6.Genetic mutation
7.Sunlight or certain chemicals may increase the risk of
intraocular melanoma development.

4. TYPES OF EYE CANCER :-
1.Eye or intraocular melanoma-conjunctival,
choroidal.

5. 2.Squamous cell carcinoma
3.Lymphoma or primary intraocular lymphoma-
often associated with lymphoma in the brain

6. 4.Retinoblastoma-common in children, most
common metastatic tumors, in the eye are from
breast and lung cancers.

7. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
1.Flashes of light, or floaters
2.Blurred vision, haloes, and shadows around
images, especially of bright light.
3.Eye moles, such as skin moles, develop when
certain cells grow together in a group, an
4.Abnormal brown spot on or in eye
of the eye that increases in size get angry looking
blood vessels around.

8.  5.Decrease in vision may be associated with pain
 6.Bulging of one eye, or both, called proptosis
 7.A lump or tumor on eyelid or in eye that is increasing
in size, getting blood vessels.
 8.Change in color of the iris
 9.White reflex in the pupil
 10.Eye tumor may first appear as a dark spot on the
iris, the colored part of eye.

9. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION :-
1.History collection
2.Physical examination helps to find out like extra
pigmentation of the eye or skin around the eye, spots
like moles in the eye, or multiple flat moles.
3.Eye examination-examine any enlarged blood vessels
on the outside of the eye is usually a sign of a tumor
inside eye, look deep inside the eye with the help of a
binocular indirect ophthalmoscope.

10. 4.Slit-lamp-used to view the interior structures of the eye.

11. 5.Eye ultrasound-used to produce images of the inside of
the eye.

12. 6.Optical coherence tomography-used to create
pictures of the inside of the eye.

13. 7.Fluorescein angiography-fluorescein is injected into
the vein. The dye moves through body and into the
blood vessels in the back of the eye, allowing to take
pictures and view the inside the eye deeply.

14. MANAGEMENT
Aim of the treatment to reduce the risk of spreading,
preserving the functional and structural integrity of
the eye, preserving the cosmetic appearance of the
eyeball and surrounding areas and to maintain the
health and vision of the eye.
1.Limited resection - removal of the cancer affected
part of the eye, e.g., iridectomy, choroidectomy,
eyelid resection etc.

15. 2.Enucleation - removal of the eyeball, in which the
eyelids and eye muscles are not removed. Later, fit an
artificial eye.

16. 3.Evisceration - partial removal of the eye contents,
leaving the sclera or the white part of the eye behind.

17. 4.Exenteration - removal of the eye, all orbital contents,
and a specially designed prosthesis can later be fitted to
preserve the appearance of the face.

18. 5.Chemotherapy - involves the use of special drugs
which may be administered orally or by injection to
fight the cancer cells.
6.Radiation therapy is used to destroy cancer cells.

19. 7.Plaque therapy or brachytherapy-a plate impregnated
with the therapeutic agent is used to direct the treatment
to the specific location alone, minimizing damage to
surrounding tissue.