A review of the various test methods used to validate cleaning products and achieve various certifications including EPA Safer Choice, Green Seal and EcoLogo.
Whether you're interested in formula development and screening for research and development of your product, of looking to validate and support your product's claims, product performance testing is essential to maintaining a record of your product's capabilities and improvement. This presentation discusses how test methods are developed, and how you can be involved in test method creation for a range of products including all-purpose cleaners, glass cleaners, bathroom cleaners, oven cleaners, dish detergent and laundry detergents.
Laundry Care Products Performance TestingDell Tech
Whether you're interested in formula development and screening for research and development of your product, of looking to validate and support your product's claims, product performance testing is essential to maintaining a record of your product's capabilities and improvement.
This particular presentation discusses the test methods used to evaluate laundry care product performance, but Dell Tech offers a wide range of performance testing for most types of cleaning products. For a full list of the test methods we offer, please see: https://delltech.com/services/lab-services/claims-substantiation-performance-testing/
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the linearity of using FTIR to quantify dimethicone in lotion formulations. Various amounts of dimethicone were spiked into placebo lotions. The samples were extracted with hexane and analyzed via FTIR spectroscopy by measuring absorbance at 1260 cm-1, which is characteristic of dimethicone. Absorbance values increased linearly as dimethicone amounts increased from 0-120%, demonstrating the method can deliver quantitative, dose-dependent results for dimethicone. The linear regression analysis showed an R2 value of 0.9992, indicating acceptable predictability of the method.
Clean In Place Technlogies BioPharma FacilitiesRanjeet Kumar
The document discusses cleaning technologies used in biopharmaceutical processes. It describes the challenges of cleaning in biopharma facilities and outlines the steps of a typical clean-in-place (CIP) process. Key factors that affect cleaning efficiency are discussed, including cleaning solution temperature, concentration, time, and external energy. Validation of cleaning processes is also mentioned.
Alcoguard® H5941 – The sustainable bio-polymerSorel Muresan
Alcoguard® H5941 represents the second generation of hybrid polymers. Hybrid polymers are a marriage of selected polysaccharides and synthetic monomers, designed to prevent scale formation in detergent applications such as automatic dishwash, hard surface cleaning and laundry detergent systems. They are particularly effective at minimizing filming and spotting in zero phosphate automatic dishwash formulations and works as effective as synthetic co-polymers.
Hydrotropes are organic compounds that increase the solubility of a surfactant in a formulation. Traditional hydrotropes, such as sodium cumene sulfonate, bring no additional value to the cleaning process.
Multifunctional hydrotropes are cosurfactants that bring additional value to formulations in synergy with the primary surfactant. High performance at low concentration, foam control, tolerance to alkali and electrolytes, minimal impact on the environment and low human and aquatic toxicity are examples of such additional benefits.
Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry has a range of readily biodegradable cosurfactants for Household and Industrial & Institutional cleaning applications. The presentation will review AkzoNobel Surface Chemistry’s multifunctional hydrotropes with examples of formulations and their performance.
Thickening is the increase of viscosity of a liquid solution. Cleaning products are thickened to allow for easier dosage and application to the surface and to increase the contact time on inclined and vertical surfaces such as toilet bowl and tile walls. The longer adherence results in an improved removal of soil, limestone and microorganisms as well as in enhanced perfume release.
In addition to moderate to extreme thickening across pH 1 to 14, the use of surfactants provides additional benefits such as cleaning and foaming, stability in chlorine and hydrogen peroxide bleaches, fragrance solubilization, disinfection support, corrosion inhibition.
AkzoNobel Surface Chemistry has a wide range of products for thickening cleaning formulations including ethoxylated amines (Ethomeen®), quaternary amines (Arquad®), and amine oxides (Aromox®) all based on our nitrogen chemistry core technology.
The presentation will review AkzoNobel Surface Chemistry’s surfactants for thickening with examples of formulations and their performance.
Whether you're interested in formula development and screening for research and development of your product, of looking to validate and support your product's claims, product performance testing is essential to maintaining a record of your product's capabilities and improvement. This presentation discusses how test methods are developed, and how you can be involved in test method creation for a range of products including all-purpose cleaners, glass cleaners, bathroom cleaners, oven cleaners, dish detergent and laundry detergents.
Laundry Care Products Performance TestingDell Tech
Whether you're interested in formula development and screening for research and development of your product, of looking to validate and support your product's claims, product performance testing is essential to maintaining a record of your product's capabilities and improvement.
This particular presentation discusses the test methods used to evaluate laundry care product performance, but Dell Tech offers a wide range of performance testing for most types of cleaning products. For a full list of the test methods we offer, please see: https://delltech.com/services/lab-services/claims-substantiation-performance-testing/
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the linearity of using FTIR to quantify dimethicone in lotion formulations. Various amounts of dimethicone were spiked into placebo lotions. The samples were extracted with hexane and analyzed via FTIR spectroscopy by measuring absorbance at 1260 cm-1, which is characteristic of dimethicone. Absorbance values increased linearly as dimethicone amounts increased from 0-120%, demonstrating the method can deliver quantitative, dose-dependent results for dimethicone. The linear regression analysis showed an R2 value of 0.9992, indicating acceptable predictability of the method.
Clean In Place Technlogies BioPharma FacilitiesRanjeet Kumar
The document discusses cleaning technologies used in biopharmaceutical processes. It describes the challenges of cleaning in biopharma facilities and outlines the steps of a typical clean-in-place (CIP) process. Key factors that affect cleaning efficiency are discussed, including cleaning solution temperature, concentration, time, and external energy. Validation of cleaning processes is also mentioned.
Alcoguard® H5941 – The sustainable bio-polymerSorel Muresan
Alcoguard® H5941 represents the second generation of hybrid polymers. Hybrid polymers are a marriage of selected polysaccharides and synthetic monomers, designed to prevent scale formation in detergent applications such as automatic dishwash, hard surface cleaning and laundry detergent systems. They are particularly effective at minimizing filming and spotting in zero phosphate automatic dishwash formulations and works as effective as synthetic co-polymers.
Hydrotropes are organic compounds that increase the solubility of a surfactant in a formulation. Traditional hydrotropes, such as sodium cumene sulfonate, bring no additional value to the cleaning process.
Multifunctional hydrotropes are cosurfactants that bring additional value to formulations in synergy with the primary surfactant. High performance at low concentration, foam control, tolerance to alkali and electrolytes, minimal impact on the environment and low human and aquatic toxicity are examples of such additional benefits.
Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry has a range of readily biodegradable cosurfactants for Household and Industrial & Institutional cleaning applications. The presentation will review AkzoNobel Surface Chemistry’s multifunctional hydrotropes with examples of formulations and their performance.
Thickening is the increase of viscosity of a liquid solution. Cleaning products are thickened to allow for easier dosage and application to the surface and to increase the contact time on inclined and vertical surfaces such as toilet bowl and tile walls. The longer adherence results in an improved removal of soil, limestone and microorganisms as well as in enhanced perfume release.
In addition to moderate to extreme thickening across pH 1 to 14, the use of surfactants provides additional benefits such as cleaning and foaming, stability in chlorine and hydrogen peroxide bleaches, fragrance solubilization, disinfection support, corrosion inhibition.
AkzoNobel Surface Chemistry has a wide range of products for thickening cleaning formulations including ethoxylated amines (Ethomeen®), quaternary amines (Arquad®), and amine oxides (Aromox®) all based on our nitrogen chemistry core technology.
The presentation will review AkzoNobel Surface Chemistry’s surfactants for thickening with examples of formulations and their performance.
Multifunctional Surfactants - Essential ingredients for efficient cleaning pr...Sorel Muresan
Water based cleaning products are continuously evolving driven by several factors such as challenging regulatory requirements, increased performance and safety demands from consumers, and price.
At AkzoNobel Surface Chemistry we are addressing our customer’s formulation needs by providing cutting-edge solutions for a wide range of applications. The exceptional functionalities of our surfactants bring additional value to formulations such as high performance at low concentration, foam control, tolerance to alkali and electrolytes, thickening, with a minimal impact on the environment and low human and aquatic toxicity.
Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry has a wide range of surfactants for Household and Industrial & Institutional cleaning applications. Our technologies include, for example, narrow range fatty alcohol ethoxylates for efficient and sustainable cleaning, cationic cosurfactants delivering outstanding degreasing performance, and cationic surfactant thickeners for effective thickening across the whole pH range.
A Spectrophotometer is one of the scientific instruments commonly found in many research and industry laboratories. A spectrophotometer is capable of both transmitting and receiving light. The device is used to analyze samples of test material by passing light through the sample and reading the intensity of the wave lengths. Different samples impact the light in different ways, allowing a researcher or technician to learn more about the materials in the test sample by seeing how the light behaves as it passes through the sample
The document summarizes an analysis of residual solvents using an Agilent 8890 GC system according to a USP method. Key aspects include:
1) The Agilent 8890 GC was configured with dual FIDs, two columns, and an autosampler to analyze class 1-3 residual solvents.
2) Samples were prepared according to the USP method and run in triplicate to determine repeatability of retention times and peak areas.
3) Results for various class 1-3 solvents showed good repeatability with retention time RSDs below 1% and area RSDs below 5% on both columns.
Compendial requirements for particle testing 2014D Scott Aldrich
This document discusses particle counting and identification strategies, outlining compendial guidance from the US, EU, and Japan. It defines particulate matter and describes size ranges and categories. Visible and subvisible particles are monitored using techniques like light obscuration and membrane microscopy. Harmonized limits for subvisible particles are outlined in USP <788>. The document stresses that particle investigation requires a holistic approach using various characterization methods.
This document provides standard operating procedures for using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) instrument. Key steps include:
1. Creating GC and MS data acquisition methods to control instrument parameters and acquire data from both the GC and MS separately.
2. Tuning the mass spectrometer by injecting perfluorotributylamine and adjusting parameters like entrance lens, EM volts, and AMU gain/offset to satisfy targets for peak numbers, mass accuracy, relative abundances, and peak widths.
3. Creating a sample log table to input sample information and run a sequence of samples using the optimized GC-MS method.
4. Editing data reports and setting up quantitation databases to identify
The document provides an orientation for a cleanroom located in a Science and Engineering Building at UNLV. It discusses what a cleanroom is and its purpose in maintaining a controlled clean environment. It describes how the cleanroom stays clean through tightly controlled air filtration, flow, and temperature. It outlines the different cleanliness classes in the UNLV cleanroom and types of contamination. The document provides extensive procedures for gowning, working in, and exiting the cleanroom to minimize contamination.
This document discusses laundry science and chemistry basics. It provides an overview of Steven Tinker's background and roles in the laundry industry. It then covers various aspects of laundry chemistry including pH, acids and bases, water chemistry factors like hardness and chlorine levels, and the standard laundry washing process which involves steps like flushing, breaking, sudsing, bleaching, and more. Key chemicals used in each step are also outlined.
1. The document describes a color matching cabinet used to evaluate color under different light sources and ensure accurate color matching.
2. It contains 6 standard lights including daylight, tungsten, fluorescent, and ultraviolet lights. Samples are viewed under each light to detect any differences caused by the phenomenon of metamerism.
3. The cabinet adheres to international standards for color assessment and is suitable for industries involving fabric dyeing, garment manufacturing, and other color-critical applications.
Visual inspection of parenteral products is conducted to detect defective units and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements that injectable products be free of visible particles. All filled containers undergo 100% visual inspection against black and white backgrounds under controlled lighting. Inspections are usually manual but can also be automated. Post-inspection sampling is required and failures can result in batch rejection. Any particles detected must be characterized to identify the source and ensure appropriate corrective actions. Recalls are sometimes necessary when particles are found, posing a risk to patient safety. Thorough training and documentation are needed to support consistent visual inspection.
Hplc (basic principles, operation and maintenance)alim125135
This document provides an overview of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), including its basic principles, instrumentation, separation modes, detectors, maintenance, troubleshooting, and good laboratory practices. It discusses reversed phase and normal phase HPLC systems. Key topics covered include column configuration, peak parameters, solvent preparation, buffer preparation, filtration, preventative maintenance of individual HPLC modules, common pump and autosampler problems, and replacing worn parts. The document emphasizes correct methodology and explains that proper maintenance can maximize system performance and component lifetimes.
GC-MS is a technique that combines gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify different substances within a test sample. It works by using gas chromatography to separate chemical mixtures and mass spectrometry to determine the mass of each component. The document discusses the instrumentation of GC-MS including the gas chromatograph, interface, mass spectrometer, and data systems. It also covers applications such as petrochemical analysis, environmental testing, and pharmaceutical analysis.
How to Manufacture Detergents Powder, Active Ingredients for Detergents, Surf...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
The Indian detergent industry is about three decades old. An interesting and unique feature of detergent industry in India is the existence of non power operated units which do not use any electrical power for the production of detergent powder. But the production technology of detergents have been changed involving high technique in process control, more skilled personnel and requiring large input.
See more
http://goo.gl/U4s0Ry
http://goo.gl/oFYalm
http://goo.gl/xbbtO0
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Technology Book on detergent, Active Ingredients for Detergents, Cleaners, components of detergents, Detergent Formulation Consulting In India, Detergent Powder Business, Profitable Small Scale Manufacturing, Detergent Powder Flow sheet, Detergent Powder Ingredients, Detergent Powder Line, Detergent Powder Making Formula, Detergent Powder Making Formula Pdf, Detergent Powder making machine factory, Detergent Powder Making Plant, Detergent Powder Making Process Pdf, Detergent Powder Making Process Video, Detergent Powder Making Raw Material, Detergent Powder Making Small Business Manufacturing, Detergent Powder Manufacturing Industry in India, Detergent Powder Manufacturing Plant, Detergent Powder Manufacturing: Small Business Idea, Detergent Raw Material - Washing Powder Raw Material Suppliers, Enzymatic Detergents Empower, Fabric Wash, Formulation of Detergents, General Wash Powders, Get started in small-scale Detergent Powder manufacturing business, Household Detergent, Household Laundry Detergent Powders, How Laundry Detergent Is Made - Material, Manufacture, Making, How to Make Detergent Powder, How to Manufacture Detergent and Cleaning Products, How to Set Up Start Detergent Powder Manufacturing Business in India, How to Start a Detergent Powder manufacturing business?, How to Start a Powdered Detergent Plant, How to Start Detergent Powder Manufacturing Industry in India, How to Start: Detergent, Washing Powder Business in India, Industrial Detergents, Ingredients - Laundry Detergent – Recipe, Introduction to Detergents, Laundry Care, Laundry Detergent Production, Laundry Detergents Formulation - Chemistry in Surfactants, Liquid Detergents, Manufacturing Detergent Cakes, Manufacturing of Detergent Powder, Most Profitable Detergent Powder Manufacturing Business Ideas,Powder Detergent Manufacturing Process, Setting up and opening your Detergent Powder manufacturing Business, Setting up of Detergent Powder Manufacturing Units, setup a detergent industry, The Product Formulation and Procedure of detergent, Washing Powder Manufacturing Plant, Washing Soap and Detergent, What Is the Production Process for Powder Detergent?, Starting a Detergent Powder Manufacturing Business, Surfactant, Synthetic Detergent, Synthetic-Detergents-Manufacturing Process,
practical hplc method development by snyder Rohit K.
This document discusses the development of a new type of lightweight material called aerographite. It is described as being only a few atoms thick and 200 times stronger than steel, making it potentially useful for applications that require strength and flexibility. However, large-scale production has not been achieved yet and more research is still needed to understand the material's properties and potential applications fully.
The document discusses froth and foam formation in amine treating processes. Froth is produced when gas is bubbled violently through an amine solution, creating mass transfer area. Froth turns to foam when the gas/liquid disengagement time increases, such as when surfactants are present which stabilize the bubble interface. Surfactants can enter from amine degradation or in feed/makeup streams. Higher surfactant concentrations, solution properties like viscosity and strength, and solids content all favor foam formation over froth. Antifoams are used to combat foaming but their effectiveness depends on factors like concentration and environmental conditions.
This document discusses water saving technology in the textile industry. It proposes using solophenyl dyes for dyeing cotton and cotton-polyester blends, which can save significant amounts of water compared to conventional reactive dyes. For 100% cotton fabrics, solophenyl dyes can reduce water consumption from 60-80 liters/kg to 20-30 liters/kg. For cotton-polyester blends, a one-batch dyeing process using solophenyl dyes has the potential to save water consumption from 120-140 liters/kg down to 30-40 liters/kg. Adopting these new dyeing techniques could help textile factories minimize their environmental impact and reduce production costs.
Clean in Place is a method of cleaning the interior surfaces of process equipment and fittings, without disassembling them. Industries that rely heavily on CIP are those requiring high levels of hygiene, i.e. dairy, beverage, brewing, processed foods, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics and CIP is an integral part of automated industry. CIP is concerned with the removal of soil that can cause damage to quality of the final product being processed. CIP method highly depends on type of soil or food residue to be cleaned. Every industry has their own type of soil depending upon the product being processed. And hence it is recommended to have CIP Process to be designed accordingly. Selection of chemicals and their strength, chemistry of product and its interaction with different solutions, time of interaction of chemicals with process
line etc. are to be considered while designing the CIP line. Soil also differ in nature; it can either be simple water soluble or can be water insoluble. Water soluble one’s are easy to clean as simple flush of water can dissolve them. Water insoluble soils are hard to tackle as they are again divided into organic and inorganic soils. Organic ones include fats, oils, grease, proteins, starch, and carbohydrates. Inorganic soils include minerals, salt deposits, millstones etc. CIP performs in two ways: - Single use cleaning CIP and recovery CIP. Single use cleaning is for that industries where the line gets way too dirty and chemicals once used can’t be further used due to high soil contamination in the chemical solution, but it is to be noted that they can be highly
costly as new chemicals are to be used every time and they can have high environmental load as it is disposed and drained after every CIP Cycle. In Recovery CIP the process line is not so filthy and hence the chemicals can be collected and reused, though the equipment for recovering cleaning solution is more expensive.
This document provides information on Clariant's range of nonionic and anionic surfactants for industrial applications. It discusses various classes of nonionic surfactants including alcohol ethoxylates made from synthetic and natural fatty alcohols. Specific product lines are highlighted, including Emulsogen EPN and LCN ranges based on oxoalcohol ethoxylates, and Genapol X ranges based on tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates. Anionic surfactants discussed include sulfonates, sulfate esters, phosphates, and fatty acid derivatives. The document aims to inform customers on Clariant's broad portfolio of surfactants for various chemical industry and industrial applications such as
The jar test method involves adding coagulants and flocculants to water samples and using stirrers to simulate the mixing that occurs in water treatment plants. The test determines the optimal chemical types and dosages for reducing turbidity through coagulation and flocculation followed by settling. Samples are flash mixed, slowly mixed, and allowed to settle before measuring turbidity and other parameters of the supernatant water.
This document discusses performance testing of laundry care products. It outlines various standardized test methods for evaluating the performance of laundry detergents, including methods for measuring stain removal (ASTM D4265), color loss/transfer (ASTM D5548), and foaming properties (ASTM D1173, D3519). Commonly used methods involve testing formulations using household washers and dryers or benchtop testing equipment to evaluate how well products remove stains from fabrics under different conditions. Performance is evaluated both instrumentally using colorimetry and visually using standardized rating scales.
Formulando xampu com baixa irritabilidadeBruno Andrade
O documento descreve formulações de xampus com baixa irritabilidade. Foram avaliados diferentes tensoativos como co-tensoativos do Lauril Éter Sulfato de Sódio, incluindo Monolaurato de Sorbitan com 80 moles de óxido de etileno, que reduz a irritabilidade ocular. Os resultados indicam que este último pode ser usado como co-tensoativo em xampus, reduzindo a irritação do tensoativo principal sem comprometer outras propriedades desejáveis.
Multifunctional Surfactants - Essential ingredients for efficient cleaning pr...Sorel Muresan
Water based cleaning products are continuously evolving driven by several factors such as challenging regulatory requirements, increased performance and safety demands from consumers, and price.
At AkzoNobel Surface Chemistry we are addressing our customer’s formulation needs by providing cutting-edge solutions for a wide range of applications. The exceptional functionalities of our surfactants bring additional value to formulations such as high performance at low concentration, foam control, tolerance to alkali and electrolytes, thickening, with a minimal impact on the environment and low human and aquatic toxicity.
Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry has a wide range of surfactants for Household and Industrial & Institutional cleaning applications. Our technologies include, for example, narrow range fatty alcohol ethoxylates for efficient and sustainable cleaning, cationic cosurfactants delivering outstanding degreasing performance, and cationic surfactant thickeners for effective thickening across the whole pH range.
A Spectrophotometer is one of the scientific instruments commonly found in many research and industry laboratories. A spectrophotometer is capable of both transmitting and receiving light. The device is used to analyze samples of test material by passing light through the sample and reading the intensity of the wave lengths. Different samples impact the light in different ways, allowing a researcher or technician to learn more about the materials in the test sample by seeing how the light behaves as it passes through the sample
The document summarizes an analysis of residual solvents using an Agilent 8890 GC system according to a USP method. Key aspects include:
1) The Agilent 8890 GC was configured with dual FIDs, two columns, and an autosampler to analyze class 1-3 residual solvents.
2) Samples were prepared according to the USP method and run in triplicate to determine repeatability of retention times and peak areas.
3) Results for various class 1-3 solvents showed good repeatability with retention time RSDs below 1% and area RSDs below 5% on both columns.
Compendial requirements for particle testing 2014D Scott Aldrich
This document discusses particle counting and identification strategies, outlining compendial guidance from the US, EU, and Japan. It defines particulate matter and describes size ranges and categories. Visible and subvisible particles are monitored using techniques like light obscuration and membrane microscopy. Harmonized limits for subvisible particles are outlined in USP <788>. The document stresses that particle investigation requires a holistic approach using various characterization methods.
This document provides standard operating procedures for using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) instrument. Key steps include:
1. Creating GC and MS data acquisition methods to control instrument parameters and acquire data from both the GC and MS separately.
2. Tuning the mass spectrometer by injecting perfluorotributylamine and adjusting parameters like entrance lens, EM volts, and AMU gain/offset to satisfy targets for peak numbers, mass accuracy, relative abundances, and peak widths.
3. Creating a sample log table to input sample information and run a sequence of samples using the optimized GC-MS method.
4. Editing data reports and setting up quantitation databases to identify
The document provides an orientation for a cleanroom located in a Science and Engineering Building at UNLV. It discusses what a cleanroom is and its purpose in maintaining a controlled clean environment. It describes how the cleanroom stays clean through tightly controlled air filtration, flow, and temperature. It outlines the different cleanliness classes in the UNLV cleanroom and types of contamination. The document provides extensive procedures for gowning, working in, and exiting the cleanroom to minimize contamination.
This document discusses laundry science and chemistry basics. It provides an overview of Steven Tinker's background and roles in the laundry industry. It then covers various aspects of laundry chemistry including pH, acids and bases, water chemistry factors like hardness and chlorine levels, and the standard laundry washing process which involves steps like flushing, breaking, sudsing, bleaching, and more. Key chemicals used in each step are also outlined.
1. The document describes a color matching cabinet used to evaluate color under different light sources and ensure accurate color matching.
2. It contains 6 standard lights including daylight, tungsten, fluorescent, and ultraviolet lights. Samples are viewed under each light to detect any differences caused by the phenomenon of metamerism.
3. The cabinet adheres to international standards for color assessment and is suitable for industries involving fabric dyeing, garment manufacturing, and other color-critical applications.
Visual inspection of parenteral products is conducted to detect defective units and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements that injectable products be free of visible particles. All filled containers undergo 100% visual inspection against black and white backgrounds under controlled lighting. Inspections are usually manual but can also be automated. Post-inspection sampling is required and failures can result in batch rejection. Any particles detected must be characterized to identify the source and ensure appropriate corrective actions. Recalls are sometimes necessary when particles are found, posing a risk to patient safety. Thorough training and documentation are needed to support consistent visual inspection.
Hplc (basic principles, operation and maintenance)alim125135
This document provides an overview of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), including its basic principles, instrumentation, separation modes, detectors, maintenance, troubleshooting, and good laboratory practices. It discusses reversed phase and normal phase HPLC systems. Key topics covered include column configuration, peak parameters, solvent preparation, buffer preparation, filtration, preventative maintenance of individual HPLC modules, common pump and autosampler problems, and replacing worn parts. The document emphasizes correct methodology and explains that proper maintenance can maximize system performance and component lifetimes.
GC-MS is a technique that combines gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify different substances within a test sample. It works by using gas chromatography to separate chemical mixtures and mass spectrometry to determine the mass of each component. The document discusses the instrumentation of GC-MS including the gas chromatograph, interface, mass spectrometer, and data systems. It also covers applications such as petrochemical analysis, environmental testing, and pharmaceutical analysis.
How to Manufacture Detergents Powder, Active Ingredients for Detergents, Surf...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
The Indian detergent industry is about three decades old. An interesting and unique feature of detergent industry in India is the existence of non power operated units which do not use any electrical power for the production of detergent powder. But the production technology of detergents have been changed involving high technique in process control, more skilled personnel and requiring large input.
See more
http://goo.gl/U4s0Ry
http://goo.gl/oFYalm
http://goo.gl/xbbtO0
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Technology Book on detergent, Active Ingredients for Detergents, Cleaners, components of detergents, Detergent Formulation Consulting In India, Detergent Powder Business, Profitable Small Scale Manufacturing, Detergent Powder Flow sheet, Detergent Powder Ingredients, Detergent Powder Line, Detergent Powder Making Formula, Detergent Powder Making Formula Pdf, Detergent Powder making machine factory, Detergent Powder Making Plant, Detergent Powder Making Process Pdf, Detergent Powder Making Process Video, Detergent Powder Making Raw Material, Detergent Powder Making Small Business Manufacturing, Detergent Powder Manufacturing Industry in India, Detergent Powder Manufacturing Plant, Detergent Powder Manufacturing: Small Business Idea, Detergent Raw Material - Washing Powder Raw Material Suppliers, Enzymatic Detergents Empower, Fabric Wash, Formulation of Detergents, General Wash Powders, Get started in small-scale Detergent Powder manufacturing business, Household Detergent, Household Laundry Detergent Powders, How Laundry Detergent Is Made - Material, Manufacture, Making, How to Make Detergent Powder, How to Manufacture Detergent and Cleaning Products, How to Set Up Start Detergent Powder Manufacturing Business in India, How to Start a Detergent Powder manufacturing business?, How to Start a Powdered Detergent Plant, How to Start Detergent Powder Manufacturing Industry in India, How to Start: Detergent, Washing Powder Business in India, Industrial Detergents, Ingredients - Laundry Detergent – Recipe, Introduction to Detergents, Laundry Care, Laundry Detergent Production, Laundry Detergents Formulation - Chemistry in Surfactants, Liquid Detergents, Manufacturing Detergent Cakes, Manufacturing of Detergent Powder, Most Profitable Detergent Powder Manufacturing Business Ideas,Powder Detergent Manufacturing Process, Setting up and opening your Detergent Powder manufacturing Business, Setting up of Detergent Powder Manufacturing Units, setup a detergent industry, The Product Formulation and Procedure of detergent, Washing Powder Manufacturing Plant, Washing Soap and Detergent, What Is the Production Process for Powder Detergent?, Starting a Detergent Powder Manufacturing Business, Surfactant, Synthetic Detergent, Synthetic-Detergents-Manufacturing Process,
practical hplc method development by snyder Rohit K.
This document discusses the development of a new type of lightweight material called aerographite. It is described as being only a few atoms thick and 200 times stronger than steel, making it potentially useful for applications that require strength and flexibility. However, large-scale production has not been achieved yet and more research is still needed to understand the material's properties and potential applications fully.
The document discusses froth and foam formation in amine treating processes. Froth is produced when gas is bubbled violently through an amine solution, creating mass transfer area. Froth turns to foam when the gas/liquid disengagement time increases, such as when surfactants are present which stabilize the bubble interface. Surfactants can enter from amine degradation or in feed/makeup streams. Higher surfactant concentrations, solution properties like viscosity and strength, and solids content all favor foam formation over froth. Antifoams are used to combat foaming but their effectiveness depends on factors like concentration and environmental conditions.
This document discusses water saving technology in the textile industry. It proposes using solophenyl dyes for dyeing cotton and cotton-polyester blends, which can save significant amounts of water compared to conventional reactive dyes. For 100% cotton fabrics, solophenyl dyes can reduce water consumption from 60-80 liters/kg to 20-30 liters/kg. For cotton-polyester blends, a one-batch dyeing process using solophenyl dyes has the potential to save water consumption from 120-140 liters/kg down to 30-40 liters/kg. Adopting these new dyeing techniques could help textile factories minimize their environmental impact and reduce production costs.
Clean in Place is a method of cleaning the interior surfaces of process equipment and fittings, without disassembling them. Industries that rely heavily on CIP are those requiring high levels of hygiene, i.e. dairy, beverage, brewing, processed foods, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics and CIP is an integral part of automated industry. CIP is concerned with the removal of soil that can cause damage to quality of the final product being processed. CIP method highly depends on type of soil or food residue to be cleaned. Every industry has their own type of soil depending upon the product being processed. And hence it is recommended to have CIP Process to be designed accordingly. Selection of chemicals and their strength, chemistry of product and its interaction with different solutions, time of interaction of chemicals with process
line etc. are to be considered while designing the CIP line. Soil also differ in nature; it can either be simple water soluble or can be water insoluble. Water soluble one’s are easy to clean as simple flush of water can dissolve them. Water insoluble soils are hard to tackle as they are again divided into organic and inorganic soils. Organic ones include fats, oils, grease, proteins, starch, and carbohydrates. Inorganic soils include minerals, salt deposits, millstones etc. CIP performs in two ways: - Single use cleaning CIP and recovery CIP. Single use cleaning is for that industries where the line gets way too dirty and chemicals once used can’t be further used due to high soil contamination in the chemical solution, but it is to be noted that they can be highly
costly as new chemicals are to be used every time and they can have high environmental load as it is disposed and drained after every CIP Cycle. In Recovery CIP the process line is not so filthy and hence the chemicals can be collected and reused, though the equipment for recovering cleaning solution is more expensive.
This document provides information on Clariant's range of nonionic and anionic surfactants for industrial applications. It discusses various classes of nonionic surfactants including alcohol ethoxylates made from synthetic and natural fatty alcohols. Specific product lines are highlighted, including Emulsogen EPN and LCN ranges based on oxoalcohol ethoxylates, and Genapol X ranges based on tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates. Anionic surfactants discussed include sulfonates, sulfate esters, phosphates, and fatty acid derivatives. The document aims to inform customers on Clariant's broad portfolio of surfactants for various chemical industry and industrial applications such as
The jar test method involves adding coagulants and flocculants to water samples and using stirrers to simulate the mixing that occurs in water treatment plants. The test determines the optimal chemical types and dosages for reducing turbidity through coagulation and flocculation followed by settling. Samples are flash mixed, slowly mixed, and allowed to settle before measuring turbidity and other parameters of the supernatant water.
This document discusses performance testing of laundry care products. It outlines various standardized test methods for evaluating the performance of laundry detergents, including methods for measuring stain removal (ASTM D4265), color loss/transfer (ASTM D5548), and foaming properties (ASTM D1173, D3519). Commonly used methods involve testing formulations using household washers and dryers or benchtop testing equipment to evaluate how well products remove stains from fabrics under different conditions. Performance is evaluated both instrumentally using colorimetry and visually using standardized rating scales.
Formulando xampu com baixa irritabilidadeBruno Andrade
O documento descreve formulações de xampus com baixa irritabilidade. Foram avaliados diferentes tensoativos como co-tensoativos do Lauril Éter Sulfato de Sódio, incluindo Monolaurato de Sorbitan com 80 moles de óxido de etileno, que reduz a irritabilidade ocular. Os resultados indicam que este último pode ser usado como co-tensoativo em xampus, reduzindo a irritação do tensoativo principal sem comprometer outras propriedades desejáveis.
Antibiotics cure bacterial diseases by killing bacteria inside the body, while some medicines only relieve disease symptoms without killing pathogens. Antibiotics do not work on viruses which reproduce inside cells, making it challenging to develop drugs that destroy viruses without harming body cells.
Design validation using simulation software like SolidWorks Simulation can help product development in several ways:
1. It allows engineers to validate designs early in the design process to reduce redesign costs and catch problems early.
2. Simulation can help optimize designs to improve quality, performance and reduce weight while meeting specifications and regulations.
3. Using simulation for virtual testing reduces time and costs of physical prototyping and helps accelerate new product development.
BUILD THE RIGHT PRODUCT BY UNDERSTANDING THE USERRizki mardita
This document discusses personas and how understanding users through personas can help build better products. It defines personas as representations of users based on user research that incorporate goals, needs, and interests. There are three main types of personas: marketing personas that focus on demographics and preferences, proto personas that are educated guesses without research, and design personas based on field research. The document provides tips on developing personas such as collecting data through surveys, focus groups, interviews, and site metrics. It recommends having 3-5 personas to focus a product without overcomplicating goals. Anatomy of an effective persona includes photos, names, quotes, goals, behaviors, must-dos, and must-nevers. Questions to ask during development relate to
A product development usually starts out with making educated guesses and assumptions of what you think the customer segment wants. However, you are not the customer. It is vital you test the hypotheses in the market. Only validation will ensure a robust foundation of the NPD before going into the design and build phase.
Digital Product Mastermind hosted it's first live discussion on Product Idea Validation. These notes reflect some of most meaningful thoughts and discussion points.
You can watch the replay here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8wOYjvAoQSM
Join Digital Product Mastermind for access to a smart and supportive community of product creators: http://takebetternotes.com/digitalproduct
Getting Customer Validation of Your Product Before Release | Emily Hossellman...UCICove
About UCI Applied Innovation:
UCI Applied Innovation is a dynamic, innovative central platform for the UCI campus, entrepreneurs, inventors, the business community and investors to collaborate and move UCI research from lab to market.
About the Cove @ UCI:
To accelerate collaboration by better connecting innovation partners in Orange County, UCI Applied Innovation created the Cove, a physical, state-of-the-art hub for entrepreneurs to gather and navigate the resources available both on and off campus. The Cove is headquarters for UCI Applied Innovation, as well as houses several ecosystem partners including incubators, accelerators, angel investors, venture capitalists, mentors and legal experts.
Follow us on social media:
Facebook: @UCICove
Twitter: @UCICove
Instagram: @UCICove
LinkedIn: @UCIAppliedInnovation
For more information:
cove@uci.edu
http://innovation.uci.edu/
This document provides a summary of product validation processes. It defines validation and describes the major reasons for validation as quality assurance, economics, and compliance. The document outlines the key steps in product validation including validating raw materials, excipients, analytical methods, and the finished product. It provides examples of validation tests for various dosage forms like tablets, capsules, oral liquids, semisolids, and sterile products. Finally, it presents an example process validation protocol template.
How great is your product idea? Every idea is great, but not every product idea can monetize itself. The product development process is crucial in deciding whether or not your product can be pushed to production. This guide will teach you how to validate your product ideas so that you can launch your next product successfully.
This document provides an overview of validation theory and application. It discusses the history and definition of validation, the purpose and benefits of validation, what should be validated, types of validation including retrospective and prospective validation, when revalidation is needed, organizing validation teams and planning validation with a validation master plan and matrix. It also covers specific validation activities like design qualification, installation qualification, operational qualification and performance qualification.
How difficult is to build a real attractive product! Well, how difficult is to build an interesting product. Buff, how difficult is to build just a product… Let us show you the right path
This document discusses validation concepts including user requirement specification, phases of validation such as design qualification, installation qualification, operational qualification, performance qualification, and maintenance qualification. It provides definitions and guidelines for each phase. The key phases involve design qualification to define functional specifications, installation qualification to ensure proper installation, operational qualification to test functions, performance qualification to ensure consistent performance over time, and maintenance qualification to document maintenance. The overall goal of validation is to provide high assurance that a process will consistently produce quality products meeting specifications.
PolyKoat is a polymer coating developed by Design Analysis Inc. for sheet metal. It provides superior abrasion and weather resistance compared to paint or epoxy coatings. PolyKoat coatings are environmentally friendly as they contain no VOCs or BPA. They can be formed into complex shapes without cracking or peeling like painted metals. Extensive testing has shown PolyKoat withstands chemicals, impacts, and long-term outdoor exposure better than traditional coatings.
This presentation discusses the laboratory test method UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Part III, Section 37.1 - Corrosion to Metals.
Dell Tech is an ISO 17025 accredited laboratory that can test your product for corrosion to metals. Contact Dell Tech today to schedule testing for your product.
implementation of product design and development on floor cleaner VenugopalraoSuravara
This document outlines the thesis layout for a product development project. It includes sections for an abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, design and analysis, results and discussion, conclusion, and references. The methodology section describes the product development process, including opportunity identification, product planning, identifying customer needs, concept generation, selection and testing, product architecture, design for manufacturing, and design for environment. It then provides details on the design of a self-reconfigurable floor cleaning tiling robot, including CAD modeling and structural analysis using different materials. The document concludes that carbon fiber is the best material for the robot's roller brushes based on stress and deformation results.
The document summarizes information about amalgam separators:
1) Amalgam separators are pollution prevention devices that capture solids from dental evacuation systems to reduce mercury discharge. They work through centrifugal, sedimentation, or filtration separation technologies.
2) International and American standards require amalgam separators to remove at least 95% of solids. The EPA proposes requiring 99% removal. Separators must be maintained and inspected regularly to ensure proper functioning.
3) Separator installation, location, costs, and maintenance requirements vary. Proper waste disposal is also important to manage collected dental materials.
For the bioprocessing and biopharmaceutical professional, this presentation discusses the topic:
Is Standardization Possible in a Custom Single-use World.
Key learning objectives are:
1. Understand why single-use design processes can become protracted
2. Understand how standardization can help to shorten the design phase
3. Discuss the opportunities for standardization in single use
This presentation was first given as a live webinar by Guy Matthews to an audience of biopharmaceutical professionals from around the world in June 2016.
Guy Matthews has worked in the biopharm industry for the last 20 years during which he has been involved in many projects implementing single-use technology in bioprocessing. Guy now works as Market Development Manager for Parker domnick hunter where he is focused on bringing Parker's expertise in motion and control to bioprocessing.
This document discusses high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). It describes the principles of HPTLC, which uses adsorption chromatography to separate components based on their affinity for the stationary and mobile phases. The key features, steps, and instrumentation of HPTLC are outlined. Various applications of HPTLC in fields like herbal analysis, pharmaceutical science, and forensics are mentioned. The document also discusses qualification processes like installation qualification and operation qualification that are important for cGMP regulated environments using HPTLC.
Bluetech provides the whole solution for your water purifier, including designing, manufacturing, selling and service of water filter products. Product range covers water filter pitcher, faucet filter, shower filter, refrigerator filter, etc.
This presentation contain different design consideration for manufacturing of product such as design of Environment, Design for Assembly, Design for Disassembly, Design for Recyclabilities & remanufacture, Energy Effficieny, Environmental Regulatory, Important Acts
Innovative High-Performance Elastomeric Compounds for Advanced Food, Beverage...Angst+Pfister
The document evaluates the compatibility of various elastomeric compounds for use in food, beverage, and pharmaceutical applications. Compounds from EPDM, FKM, and FFKM materials were tested in commercial cleaning-in-place (CIP) media and coffee machine cleaning tabs. The tests measured changes in mechanical properties and visual defects after 28 days of exposure. While most compounds showed compatibility with CIP media and basic cleaning tabs, EPDM materials were incompatible with a strong acid descaling solution and all materials showed some incompatibility with acidic cleaning tabs based on property changes. The authors conclude that specific FKM and FFKM compounds are the most compatible options for use across all tested cleaning chemicals.
The document summarizes work to automate leak testing of food storage containers. Key points:
- The project aims to develop a testing apparatus to improve on the current manual leak testing procedure and free up technician time.
- The proposed apparatus would rotate containers filled with water and use infrared sensors to detect and count any drips, standardizing the test.
- Testing showed the apparatus results correlated with manual tests and did not affect container seals. It was estimated to save over $6,000 annually in technician time.
- Future work may include automating lid attachment, more rigorous testing plans, and minimizing human error to increase confidence in results.
This project aimed to reduce paste usage and costs on Backing Line 4 by improving the calendar roll, backing roll, and installing new measurement tools. Goals included installing a new nip station, controlling paste temperature to manage viscosity, and using a Terahertz thickness gauge to eliminate destructive testing. The project achieved a cost savings of $1.7 million annually within one month by installing temporary new rolls. Controlling paste temperature and installing the gauge were ongoing. Success criteria included reducing paste usage and providing real-time thickness measurements for better process control.
Practical cases of the Bettersizer series for the pesticide industry:
Case 1: 5.7% Emamectin Benzoate Suspension Concreate
Case 2: 8.5% Phenocactone + 8.5% Ethiazole Emulsion in Water
Case 3: Oil Dispersion
The document discusses a student project that aims to study the effect of biodegradable material and particulate matter in effluent treatment processes for a particular industry. The project was carried out by 4 students and guided by 2 faculty members. It includes an abstract, introduction, list of materials required, and various design thinking canvases used in the project methodology. The canvases explore empathy mapping, product development, activities-attributes-interactions-objects-users framework, ideation, and mind mapping. The overall goal is to reduce waste in effluent treatment and maximize water reuse.
Enhance the skills of your team for installation, repair and rebuild of all equipment. Loctite® Maintenance Workshops can be tailored to meet the needs of your plant/ workshop. They are conducted on site giving hands on training with reviews of common failure causes and prevention methods. Head to our website for more details: http://www.loctite.com.au/strength-in-support-5393.htm
The document provides background on the presenter's qualifications and experience in paint and coating product development. It then discusses the key components of paint, including pigments, resins, solvents, and additives. The document outlines the equipment, materials, staffing, and testing needed for a paint research and development laboratory and production facility. It also discusses common process challenges in paint manufacturing and lists example standard paint products.
Case study based on production, financial and social auditsJohn William
This case study focuses on providing necessary information on production, financial and social audits. To know more visit: http://www.dragonsourcing.com/china-sourcing-company/
Appreciated by customers across the nation for supplying, trading and wholesaling a broad array of high quality pharmaceutical hygiene & cleanRoom
products, June Enterprises started its operations in December 2013.
In a short span of time, the company expanded its breadth of operations to provide CleanRoom Products to the Indian pharmaceutical industry &
neighboring countries.
The product range offered by June Enterprises includes: – Sterilization Monitoring & Validation Products, ATCC Culture, Cleanroom Garments &
Accessories, Cleanroom Supplies, Critical Cleaning Products, Products for Food & Facilities, Sterilization Packaging & Sealing Products, Products for
Stores & Warehouses, USP Class Silicone Tubing among others.
In order to ensure high standards of quality, the offered range of Cleanroom Products is procured and sourced from trusted and reliable Leaders in their
® ® respective product ranges for example Sterilization Products by Mesa Labs, Cleaning & disinfectants by Contec & ATCC by Microbiologics.
With years of experience, expertise and a proven track-record of helping many companies with its CleanRoom Products & Sterilization needs, June
Enterprises has established an enviable position in the PHARMA, FOOD & HOSPITAL segments.
JUNE Enterprises is an ISO 9001:2015 certified company.
Learn More: https://www.juneenterprises.com/
Bubai Mondal is seeking assignments in production, quality control, production planning, product development, process development and improvement, or technical support. He has over 5 years of experience in manufacturing and technical support. He is proficient in laboratory infrastructure, product development, process optimization, quality control, and troubleshooting analytical equipment. He has strong problem solving, analytical, and organizational skills. Currently he works as a Quality Officer at Precision Plastic Products LLC in Dubai, where he manages people, demonstrates quality procedures, conducts audits and documentation, and handles customer complaints.
This document discusses using designed experiments (DOE) as an introduction to process control in a thermal spray shop. It provides an overview of process control concepts and an example of using root cause analysis to troubleshoot issues. It then discusses how advanced process control can be achieved through DOE to optimize thermal spray processes. Two approaches to implementing DOE are described - a project model with a consultant leading large tests, and an operational training model where small problems are solved through planning DOE tests. Benefits of DOE include providing confident solutions for multi-factor processes and improving measurement and process understanding.
Quick and effective cleaning is the need of the hour for rapid industrial development and for creating an echo-friendly atmosphere. This is mainly influenced by the process of automation and the selection of cleaning chemicals/methods.
Similar to Test Methods for Cleaning Product Validation and Certification with CSPA (20)
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
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WHY Test?
WHERE can you find test methods?
WHO develops the methods ?
HOW can you get involved?
WHAT hints & tips can help with performing
the methods?
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WHY Test?
Formula development & screening
Evaluate performance of new product formulations.
Set a benchmark to compare future reformulations against.
Claims validation/support
Does is actually work?
Are you making specific marketing or performance claims?
National Brand Equivalency (NBE), how does it compare to
other products?
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WHY Test?
3rd party certification
EPA Safer Choice [formerly Design for the Environment (DfE)]
UL Environment (Ecologo) Green Seal Nordic Ecolabel
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It all starts and ends with customer.
Why buy a product that does not work?
Why sell a product that does not work?
WHY Test?
So why NOT test?
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WHERE can we find Test Methods?
Consumer Specialty Products Association
http://www.cspa.org/product-category/publications/
Includes 13 different Methods across a range of product
categories such as All Purpose Cleaners, Glass Cleaners,
Bathroom Cleaners, Oven Cleaners , Dish Detergents &
Laundry Detergents.
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Individual Methods also Available for;
DCC-01- Machine Dishwashing Estimation of Foam
DCC-03- Rug Shampoo
DCC-05A- Deposition on Glassware during Mechanical Dishwashing
DCC-09 Glass Cleaners
DCC-10 Foam Stability of Hand Dishwashing Detergents
DCC-12- Guidelines for Screening the Efficacy of Oven Cleaners:
DCC-13 (A through F) Fabric Softeners
DCC-14- Guidelines for Anti-Redeposition Properties of Laundry Products
DCC-15 Measuring Degree of Surface Abrasion by Abrasive Cleaners
DCC-16 Parts I & II Evaluating the Efficacy of bathroom cleaners
DCC-17 Greasy Soil Test Method
DCC-18 Neat Hand Dishwashing Detergents
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ASTM
http://www.astm.org/
Commonly used or cited methods for Cleaning Products
ASTM D5343 - Cleaning Performance of Ceramic Tile Cleaners
ASTM D4265 - Evaluating Stain Removal Performance in Home Laundering
ASTM D3556* Deposition on Glassware During Mechanical Dishwashing
ASTM D4009* Foam Stability of Hand Dishwashing Detergents
ASTM D4488 - Cleaning Performance of Products Intended for Use on Resilient Flooring
and Washable Walls (WITHDRAWN, NO REPLACEMENT)
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Other Sources
IKW (German Cosmetic, Toiletry, Perfumery and Detergent Association)
http://www.ikw.org/haushaltspflege/downloads/
•Methods for Ascertaining the Cleaning Performance of Dishwasher Detergents
• Recommendation for the Quality Assessment of the Cleaning Performance of
Cleaners for Glass Ceramic Cooking Fields
•Recommendations for the quality assessment of acidic toiler cleaners
Patent Searches
http://www.uspto.gov/patents-application-process/search-patents
Product patents often include a reference or description of methods used
to assess performance.
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WHO develops these methods?
We Do!
Volunteers from Member Companies
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HOW can I participate?
CSPA Members
1) Go to your member profile and subscribe to Cleaning Products – Scientific
Committee
2) E-mail Tim Brown at tbrown@cspa.org
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What will you get through participation?
•Ahead of the curve on new methods or revised methods
•A chance for input on methods or introduce new methods
•Learn from experience of others
•Participate in Interlaboratory tests
http://www.cspa.org/events/open-cspa-events/
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Happening Right Now!
CSPA DCC-17 Greasy Soil Test Method
Interlaboratory testing of 2 new proposed methodologies
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CSPA DCC-17 Greasy Soil Test Method
Substantial changes including;
Composition, preparation, application & curing of soil.
New substrate.
Addition of negative and positive controls.
Directions of use for dilutables, liquids, powders, sprays & wipes
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WHAT hints & tips help with performing the methods?
Hard Surface Cleaner Test Methods
CSPA DCC-09 Glass Cleaners
CSPA DCC-16 Efficacy of bathroom cleaners
CSPA DCC-17 Greasy Soil Test Method
ASTM D5343 - Cleaning Performance of Ceramic Tile Cleaners
ASTM D4488 - Cleaning Performance of Products Intended for Use on Resilient Flooring
and Washable Walls
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All have methods use a common structure.
1) Recipe and method of application for soil
2) Directions for Cleaning
3) Means of Assessing Performance
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1) Recipe and method of application for soil
- Where practicable have the same individual apply the soil to all tiles.
Does the method call for Bandy Black Clay as a soil ingredient?
Bandy Black Clay is no longer available, use Black Charm Research Clay
http://www.sdlatlas.com/Consumables/Home-Appliance
Where can I find spermacetti (sperm) wax?
City Chemical LLC
http://www.citychemical.com/
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1) Recipe and method of application for soil
- Most methods will specify a shelf life for the soil and/or soiled tiles.
- Soils tend to become more persistent with age
Be consistent with timing between soil/soiled tile preparation & cleaning.
(i.e. make today, use tommorow)
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2) Directions for Cleaning
Typically calls for the soiled tile be scrubbed with a sponge, wipe or towel
using a Straight Line Washability Apparatus.
(aka Gardner Abrasion Tester or Gardco Linear Motion Test Equipment)
Different make & models have different size sponge holders
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2) Directions for Cleaning
May need to adjust weight of sponge holder to meet weight/sponge area ratio
defined in the methods. Most methods will result in ~ 0.1 lbs/in2 pressure.
May need to adjust volume of product to meet volume product/sponge volume
depending on size of sponge holder.
Method
Sponge dimension h x l x w
(in)
Sponge holder mass (g) Volume of product used
ASTM D4488-A2 1 x 3⅝ x 1½ 350 15 mL
ASTM D4488-A5 1 x 3⅝ x 1½ 350 50 mL
ASTM D5343 ⅝ x 2 ⅞ x 4 ⅝ 454 10-20 mL/ 1-5 g
CSPA DCC-09 1.0 x 2.6 x 3.5 454 2 g
CSPA DCC-16 1.0 x 2.6 x 3.5 454 1 g
CSPA DCC-17 1 x 3⅝ x 1½ 350 15 g
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Preclean the sponges before use. Sponges are shipped with a
small amount of Cationic surfactant as a preservative
2) Directions for Cleaning
Do not use a HE washing machine or Dryer (let air dry).
It may round the edges of the sponge.
(Both these sponges are damp)
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Does the method call for 2:1 Ca:Mg hard water but not give a formula?
2) Directions for Cleaning
Look to ASTM D3050 – Measuring Soil Removal from Artificially Soiled
Fabrics for recipe a for 2:1 Ca:Mg hard water
Scrub perpendicular to direction of soiling.
ASTM D5343 CSPA DCC-17 CSPA DCC-17 CSPA DCC-17
(Today) (Proposed #1) (Proposed #2)
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Make sure the template/shims used to hold the tile
in place are the same thickness as the tile.
2) Directions for Cleaning
Template/shim is too low Template/shim is too high.
Uneven template & tile may cause product to be squeezed out with each cycle.
Uneven template & tile may cause tearing of sponge/wipe/towel
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2) Directions for Cleaning
Uneven template & tile may cause sponge holder to catch and break machine.
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Ensures even contact & pressure between sponge and tile and smooth action
Template & tile are level
2) Directions for Cleaning
Be consistent with timing.
How long between applying product to tile and starting scrubbing cycle?
Longer dwell time = better performance
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3) Means of Assessing Performance
Technique Pros Cons Where cited?
Visual Rating System
Easy, economical,
reflects consumer
perception
Subjective, requires
trained observers, limited
data pool for statistics
ASTM D5343
ASTM D4265
CSPA DCC-09
Gravimetric
Quantitative data,
useful for statistical
analysis
Labor intensive, does not
easily translate to visual
experience, subject to
error if samples poorly
handled
none
Reflectance
(Instrumental)
Quantitative data,
useful for statistical
analysis,
Similar to consumer
perception
Expensive
Almost every
method
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Reflectometer (Colorimeter)
3) Means of Assessing Performance
Measures Color, not reflectance (gloss)
L = Lightness (100 = Pure white, 0 = Pure Black)
a = Red/green
b = Blue/yellow
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Lightness Reflectance is not the same as Gloss Reflectance
3) Means of Assessing Performance
Printer paper
White Ceramic
Tile
Black Ceramic
Tile
Lightness 90.38 91.34 9.7
60 ° Gloss 4.2 98.5 98.6
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“Take three reflectance readings each on three separate soiled tiles”
3) Means of Assessing Performance
Methods define R as “reflectance”, it means Lightness (L)
% Cleaning Efficiency = R(cleaned) – R(soiled)
R(initial) – R(soiled)
R(initial) R(soiled) R(cleaned)
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3) Means of Assessing Performance
CSPA DCC-17 PHOTOS
0% 60% 70%
80% 90% 95%
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What creative disruption may drive change for test methods & product evaluation?
Digital Photography & Image Analysis Software
Cheaper & Accessible
More Precise & Powerful
Flexibility & Options for data acquisition, handling & analysis
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METHOD SPECIFIC TIPS
CSPA DCC-05/ ASTM D3556
Deposition on Glassware during Mechanical Dishwashing
Use straight wall glasses, not curved glasses
Wear gloves when handling so that you do not get fingerprints on the glasses
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METHOD SPECIFIC TIPS
CSPA DCC-10/ASTM D4009 Foam Stability of Hand Dishwashing Detergents
Share the load & have different technicians do replicates washes for each
soil/product.
Marketing Reality
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METHOD SPECIFIC TIPS
Latex painted masonite tiles
Method directs to“Double-coat masonite tiles with latex paint using a paint roller”
CSPA DCC-17/ASTM D4488-A2 Greasy Soil Test Method
Apply 1 coat of primer allow to dry then “apply two coats of paint”
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Cut edges are sharp & will grab the sponge and cause it to skip
or tear wipes/towels
Sand edges over which sponge/wipe/towel will travel.
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CSPA DCC-16 Evaluating the Efficacy of Bathroom cleaners
ASTM D5343 - Cleaning Performance of Ceramic Tile Cleaners
METHOD SPECIFIC TIPS
Are not the same methods, soils or substrates,
but are used for the same product type.
CSPA DCC-16
tends to favour
acidic products.
ASTM D5343
tends to favour
alkaline products
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ASTM D5343
“8.2.1 Remove the tray of tiles from the oven immediately prior to soil application.
Tiles can be soiled while hot or allowed to cool to room temperature.”
Applying the soil to hot tiles (80 °C/175 °F) results in a more even coating, helps
prevent the trim brush from getting gummed up. The soil is waxy when cooled
8.2.2 ....... It is easiest to soil an entire row of tiles with one stroke of the
applicator (line the tiles up in a row so that the tile edges are touching each other
and apply the soil with a broad stroke of the applicator).
How many is an entire row?
METHOD SPECIFIC TIPS
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ASTM D3050
Standard Guide for Measuring Soil Removal from Artificially Soiled Fabrics
A laboratory scale bench top evaluation of detergents.
Allows for rapid screening of formulations and/or water conditions.
Automatic control of agitation and water temperatures
Wash/rinse cycle typically finished 10-13 minute range
TERG-O-TOMETER
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Pros Cons
Quick assessment Terg-o-Tometer $$$
Run multiple product/test conditions
simultaneously
Reflectometer (Colorimeter) $
Recommends use of standard soiled
fabrics
Evaluates performance Instrumentally
using only Reflectance value of the stain
Less specific on testing considerations
(fabric types, soils, orientations,
pretreatment of fabrics for ballast of
soiled swatches)
% Improvement in Reflectance =
Reflectance of soil swatch after washing - Reflectance of soil swatches before washing X 100
Reflectance of unsoiled swatch before washing - Reflectance of soil swatches before washing
ASTM D3050 Standard Guide for Measuring Soil Removal from Artificially
Soiled Fabrics
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ASTM D4265 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Stain Removal Performance
in Home Laundering
A full scale evaluation of performance with Household Washers & Dryers.
Correlates more closely with the Consumer Experience
Allows flexibility in the choice of testing conditions including;
Washing Machines (Traditional Top loader, HE Front Loader, HE Top Loader)
Fabric Selection (Cotton, Cotton/Poly blend, synthetics, knits, woven)
Stains (Proteins, Starchy, Bleachable, Fats, Oils, Grease)
Water Temperature & Hardness
Evaluation (Visible, Instrumental)
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Pros Cons
Uses Household machines
Longer times to run product/test
condition
Evaluation visually or Instrumentally
Infrastructure to support multiple
machines
Instrumental evaluation uses compete
color scale
More effort required to adjust water
conditions (Temperature and
hardness)
More detailed guidance on test
conditions such as fabric types, soils,
orientation, pretreatment of fabrics
for ballast & soiled swatches.
Reproducibility.
Different machines have inherent
variables. Wash times, wash & rinse
volumes, agitation size etc.
Guidance for preparing stained fabrics
ASTM D4265 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Stain Removal Performance in
Home Laundering
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ASTM D4265 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Stain Removal Performance in
Home Laundering
Stain considerations – manually prepared stains
ASTM D4265 includes 2 annexes to provide guidance on manually preparing stains.
Presents a challenge for
1) Repeatability: different individuals will prepare stains slightly differently
(time/volume/pressure)
2) Reproducibility: different Labs will have different sources of stains, particularly natural
stains like grass & blood
3) Time/Labour Intensive: Takes time precondition/cut/stains and cure swatches.
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ASTM D4265 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Stain Removal Performance in
Home Laundering
Stain considerations – Standard Soiled Fabrics
Standard soiled fabrics in a wide range of stains and fabrics are
commercially available
CFT CS-15 EMPA 111 CFT CS-32 EMPA 114
Fruit Juice Blood, not aged
Sebum w.
Carbon black
Red Wine, not
aged
www.testfabrics.com
http://www.sdlatlas.com/
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Cotton-Jersey with 15 different stains: Make-up, Curry, Red wine, Tomato sauce,
Blood, Dessert (chocolate), Peat, Tea, Beta-Carotene, Grass, Animal fat/red dye,
Baby-food, Clay, Butter, used Engine oil
EMPA (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology)
Stain Monitor 102
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How is Performance Evaluated? Instrumentally
Reflectometer (Colorimeter)
Measures Color, not reflectance (gloss)
L = Lightness (100 = Pure white, 0 = Pure Black)
a = Red/green
b = Blue/yellow
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How is Performance Evaluated? Instrumentally
Stain removal Index (SRI)
The SRI is a 0-100 scale, with 0 = no stain removal and 100 = complete stain removal
SRI = 100 x ΔE*(US-UF) - ΔE*(WS-UF)
ΔE*(US-UF)
Where:
US = Unwashed stain area
UF = Unwashed (unstained) fabric area
ΔE*(US-UF) = Delta-E color difference between the unwashed stain and the unwashed fabric
Δ E*(WS-UF) = Delta-E color difference between the washed stain and the unwashed fabric.
The value ΔE (absolute color difference) is calculated as:
ΔE* = √ΔL*2+ Δa*2+ Δb*2
Where:
L = reflectance,
a = redness/greenness,
b = yellowness/blueness,
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How is Performance Evaluated? Visually
Using a 1 to 5 Rating Scale by comparing stains after washing against the
AATCC 130 Stain release Replica.
1 = Residual stain equivalent to Replica 1
2 = Residual stain equivalent to Replica 2
3 = Residual stain equivalent to Replica 3
4 = Residual stain equivalent to Replica 4
5 = No residual stain
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Trick is to judge intensity of the stain. Challenge is in applying a monochromatic scale to colored stains.
Original Intent of AATCC 130 was to evaluate the ability of fabrics to release oily stains (Corn oil)
Many stains are intensely colored or saturated and rate lower than 1.0
How do you rate these stains? (Chocolate/curry/red wine)
How is Performance Evaluated? Visually
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How is Performance Evaluated? Image Analysis
Uses a combination of digital scanning/photography along with Image Analysis software.
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How is Performance Evaluated?
Summary of Techniques
Stain Before After
ASTM D4265
Colorimeter
Stain removal index
(Lightness, red/green,
blue/yellow)
AATCC 130
visual rating
(5 judges)
ASTM D3050
% Improvement
in reflectance
(Lightness only)
Motor oil 76.6% 1.5 48.9%
Animal fat
& red dye
64.4% 2 49.9%
Tomato
Sauce
82.3% 3.5 74.4%
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How is Performance Evaluated?
Summary of Techniques
Method of
Evaluation
Pros Cons
Instrumental
Quantitative data
NIST traceable calibration
Used in published standard methods
History as Industry Standard
Factors measurement of stain before
washing in calculations
Cost of Colorimeter
Limited area of measurement without
taking multiple readings across stain area.
Visual
Economical
Quick
Subjective
Does not factor in intensity of stain before
washing in rating
Monochromatic scale
Requires a panel of judges (≥3)
Image
Analysis
Quantitative data
Economical & Accessible
Complete Stain area selection
color scale
Calibration traceability?
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Color loss susceptibility Dye swatch ID
Heavy Nylon 6.6 dyed Acid red 151,
Medium Cotton Print Cloth Direct Blue 1
Light Cotton Print Cloth Direct Blue 90
ASTM D5548 Standard Guide for Evaluating Color Transfer or Color Loss of Dyed Fabrics in
Laundering
This test method evaluates the degree of color loss from a dyed fabric and or color transfer to
undyed fabric.
Uses 3 different standard dyed swatches prone to heavy, medium or light color loss
along with undyed cotton print cloth to accept released dye.
Each dyed swatch is washed separately in a Terg-o-tometer
But can be modified to use a household machine as in ASTM D4265
How is Performance Evaluated?
Color Loss & Transfer
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Color Loss (or Color Transfer) is measured as absolute Color change ΔE
ΔE = √ (Lw - Lo)2 + (aw – ao)2 + (bw - bo)2
Where:
L = reflectance,
a = redness/greenness,
b = yellowness/blueness
w = fabric before washing
o = fabric after washing
How is Performance Evaluated?
Color Loss & Transfer
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Foam is not your Friend
It all starts and ends with customer.
Frustrates customer, wastes water , energy & time
How is Performance Evaluated?
Foaming
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FOAMING
ASTM D1173 Standard Test Method for
Foaming Properties of Surface-Active Agents
(Ross Miles Foam Test)
ASTM D3519-Standard Test Method for
Foam in Aqueous Media (Blender Test)
Assess both how much foam is produced immediately and how quickly it knocks down
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Looking for more on Formulation & Testing?
Consumer Specialty Products Association hosts a Cleaning Products Fundamentals Course every 2 years at
its mid-year meeting.
CSPA is planning an Intermediate Course for May 2016 in Washington D.C.
Presented by leading Companies and industry Professionals
Curriculum includes surfactants, builders, additives, solvents, formulations, testing, sustainability &
regulatory issues.
Look for information & registration at
http://www.cspa.org/events/cspa-event-directory/