Thickening with cationic surfactants
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Thickening is the increase of viscosity of a liquid solution. Cleaning products are thickened to allow for easier dosage and application to the surface and to increase the contact time on inclined and vertical surfaces such as toilet bowl and tile walls. The longer adherence results in an improved removal of soil, limestone and microorganisms as well as in enhanced perfume release. In addition to moderate to extreme thickening across pH 1 to 14, the use of surfactants provides additional benefits such as cleaning and foaming, stability in chlorine and hydrogen peroxide bleaches, fragrance solubilization, disinfection support, corrosion inhibition. AkzoNobel Surface Chemistry has a wide range of products for thickening cleaning formulations including ethoxylated amines (Ethomeen®), quaternary amines (Arquad®), and amine oxides (Aromox®) all based on our nitrogen chemistry core technology. The presentation will review AkzoNobel Surface Chemistry’s surfactants for thickening with examples of formulations and their performance.
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Thickening with cationic surfactants
- 1. Thickening with cationic surfactants H3i - Birmingham, 10 March 2015 Dr. Sorel Muresan, Section Manager Cleaning EMEIA
- 2. • Introduction • AkzoNobel Surface Chemistry’s product portfolio for thickening • Formulations and thickening performance • Summary • Q&A Outlook Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening 2
- 3. Introduction Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening 3
- 4. 4Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening Thickening “Thickening” is the increase of viscosity of a liquid solution Used for Cleaning products: • to increase contact time on inclined and vertical surface • for easier dosage • for easier application to the surface
- 5. 5Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening pH stability of typical thickener type
- 6. Cationic surfactants 6Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening In concentrated solutions, have a tendency to form rod micelles resulting in a very high viscosity. Viscosity increase is due to chaotic worm like arrangement of molecules in solution. The longer the chain length of the hydrophobe, the higher the viscosity. The use of desolubilizer reduces the amount of cationic required.
- 7. • AkzoNobel Surface Chemistry’s product portfolio for thickening Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening 7
- 8. Cationic surfactants 8Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening R = CH3 or CH2CH2OH R N R amines R N O R amine oxides R N+ R Cl- R quats
- 9. Thickening agents and applications 9Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening Thickening agents Applications Ethomeen C/12 Acidic cleaners Ethomeen O/12, O/12LC Acidic cleaners Ethomeen T/12, T/12LC Acidic cleaners Ethomeen HT/12 Acidic cleaners Ethomeen V18/12 Acidic cleaners Arquad 16-29 Hydrogen peroxide and acidic cleaners Arquad T-50 Acidic and alkaline cleaners Aromox T/12 Acidic, high alkaline and neutral cleaners Aromox 14D-W970 High alkaline and hypochlorite cleaners
- 10. Formulations and thickening performance Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening 10
- 11. Acidic cleaners 11Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening Ethomeen O/12 3.7 % HCl act. 5.6 % HCl act. 9.5 % HCl act. 2 % clear separation after 1 month not soluble 3 % clear clear 620 cps* 4 % clear clear 920 cps* Hydrochloric acid Ethomeen O/12 * viscosity cps, Brookfield DV-1, Spindle 3, RPM 30, RT Fatty alcohol ethoxylates with HLB 12-13 can be to modify the rheology of the formulation. Berol 175 (C12-C16 alcohol ethoxylate, 7.5 EO; CAS 68551-12-2)
- 12. Acidic cleaners 12Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening Hydrochloric acid Ethomeen T/12 + Arquad T-50
- 13. Acidic cleaners 13Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening Hydrochloric acid Ethomeen T/12 + Arquad T-50
- 14. 14Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening Toilet bowl cleaner 700 cPs viscosity* and good clinging effect Ethomeen T/12 1.35 % Arquad T-50 1.8 % HCl 9.5 % Water balance Ethomeen T/12 + Arquad T-50 ü efficient thickening system at low and high HCl concentration ü desired viscosity can be obtained by optimizing the ratio and the concentration of the blend ü thixotropic behaviour (shear thinning formulations) *viscosity cps, Brookfield DV-1, Spindle 2, RPM 30, RT
- 15. Acidic cleaners 15Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening Formulation A Formulation B Citric acid 5 % 5% Ethomeen O/12 1 % 1.5 % SXS 1 % 1.5 % Water balance balance Viscosity* 400 1020 Citric acid Ethomeen O/12, Arquad T-50 *viscosity cps, Brookfield DV-1, Spindle 3, RPM 30, RT Formulation C Formulation D Citric acid 5 % 5% Arquad T-50 2 % 3 % SXS 1.5 % 2 % Water balance balance Viscosity* 290 760
- 16. Acidic cleaners 16Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening Formulation A Formulation B Oxalic acid 5 % 5% Ethomeen O/12 2 % Ethomeen T/12 1.5 % SXS 1 % 1 % Water balance balance Viscosity* 1290 1010 Oxalic acid Ethomeen O/12, Ethomeen T/12 *viscosity cps, Brookfield DV-1, Spindle 3, RPM 30, RT
- 17. Acidic cleaners 17Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening Formulation A Formulation B Formulation C Sulfamic acid 10 % 10 % 10 % Ethomeen O/12 2 % Ethomeen T/12 1.5 % Arquad T-50 2 % SXS 1 % 1 % 1 % Water balance balance balance Viscosity* 790 820 280 Sulfamic acid Ethomeen O/12, Ethomeen T/12, Arquad T-50 *viscosity cps, Brookfield DV-1, Spindle 3, RPM 30, RT
- 18. Acidic cleaners 18Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening Formulation A Formulation B Phosphoric acid 10 % 10 % Ethomeen O/12 2 % 2 % NaCl 2 % 2.5 % Water balance balance Viscosity* 680 1260 Phosphoric acid Ethomeen O/12 *viscosity cps, Brookfield DV-1, Spindle 3, RPM 30, RT
- 19. Alkaline cleaners 19Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening Formulation A Formulation B Formulation C NaOH 100 % 5 % 5 % 10 % Arquad T-50 2 % Aromox T/12 2 % 2 % SCS 2 % Water balance balance Balance Viscosity* 360 800 890 Sodium hydroxide Arquad T-50, Aromox T/12 *viscosity cps, Brookfield DV-1, Spindle 3, RPM 30, RT
- 20. Bleaching cleaners 20Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening Formulation A NaOCl 15 % 70 % NaOH 100 % 0.5 % Aromox 14D-W970 4 % Na2CO3 4 % Water balance Viscosity* 450 Sodium hypochlorite Aromox 14D-W970 * viscosity cps Brookfield DV-1, Spindle 34, RPM 50 Formulation B Hydrogen peroxide 30 % 16.7 % Sulfamic acid 3 % Arquad 16-29 5 % Berol 175 0.1 % SXS 1.5 % Water Balance Viscosity* 300 Hydrogen peroxide Arquad 16-29
- 21. Summary Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening 21
- 22. 22Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening Cationic thickeners - Multifunctional benefits • Moderate to extreme thickening • Can be used at all pH’s • Stable in chlorine and hydrogen peroxide bleach • Fragrance solubilization • Cleaning and foaming • Support disinfection • Corrosion inhibition
- 23. Acknowledgements 23Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening Anette Thyberg, chemist TS&d Cleaning EMEIA
- 24. Disclaimer 24Surface Chemistry EMEIA - Thickening All information concerning our products and/or all suggestions for handling and use contained herein (including formulation and toxicity information) are offered in good faith and are believed to be reliable. However, Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry makes no warranty express or implied (i) as to the accuracy or sufficiency of such information and/or suggestions, (ii) as to any product’s merchantability or fitness for a particular use or (iii) that any suggested use (including use in any formulation) will not infringe any patent. Nothing contained herein shall be construed as granting or extending any license under any patent. The user must determine for itself by preliminary tests or otherwise the suitability of any product and of any information contained herein (including but not limited to formulation and toxicity information) for the user’s purpose. The safety of any formulations described herein has not been established. The suitability and safety of a formulation should be confirmed in all respects by the user prior to use. The information contained herein supersedes all previously issued bulletins on the subject matter covered.