Presented by Azage Tegegne and Dirk Hoekstra at the 19th Ethiopian Society of Animal production Annual Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15-17 December 2011.
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Presented by Azage Tegegne at the IPMS Workshop on Alternatives for Improving Field AI Delivery System to Enhance Beef and Dairy Production in Ethiopia, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 24-25 August 2011
This is the 5th and final presentation in a 5-part webinar series on Breeding Better Sheep & Goats. The presenter is Susan Schoenian, University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist.
This was the third presentation in a 6-part webinar series on the National Sheep Improvement Program (NSIP). The presenter was Cody Hiemke, a Shropshire breeder from Wisconsin. The presentation was given on May 15, 2014.
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Experiences in community-based genetic improvement using oestrus synchronizationILRI
Presented by Azage Tegegne at the IPMS Workshop on Alternatives for Improving Field AI Delivery System to Enhance Beef and Dairy Production in Ethiopia, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 24-25 August 2011
This is the 5th and final presentation in a 5-part webinar series on Breeding Better Sheep & Goats. The presenter is Susan Schoenian, University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist.
This was the third presentation in a 6-part webinar series on the National Sheep Improvement Program (NSIP). The presenter was Cody Hiemke, a Shropshire breeder from Wisconsin. The presentation was given on May 15, 2014.
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New Tools to Manage Reproduction ProgramsDAIReXNET
Dr. Paul Fricke presented this information as a webinar for DAIReXNET on Monday, April 22, 2013. For more information, please see our archived webinars page at www.extension.org/pages/15830/archived-dairy-cattle-webinars.
This is the 4th webinar in a five part series on Breeding Better Sheep & Goats. This presentation entitled "Performance Evaluation" was given by Susan Schoenian, University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist.
ESTIMATES OF HERITABILITY AND BREEDING VALUES FOR GROWTH TRAITS IN MADURA CAT...UniversitasGadjahMada
The study is aimed to estimate the heritability for growth traits at weaning and yearling age, and to determine the breeding values for body weight in Madura cattle, reared in Pamekasan Regency. One hundred and four (194) calves were collected for body weight (BW), chest circumference (CC), body length (BL), withers height (WH) at weaning and yearling age. Paternal half-sib correlation method was used for heritability estimates. As a result, the estimates of heritability for growth traits in both weaning and yearling age were categorized in medium to high. The heritability estimates for BW, CC, BL, and WH in weaning age were 0.33±0.30, 0.35±0.31, 0.66±0.37 and 0.53±0.34, respectively. In yearling age, heritability estimates for BW, CC, BL, and WH were obtained to be 0.66±0.43, 0.71±0.67, 0.38±0.58, and 0.36±0.57, respectively. The top 10 sires based on estimated breeding value for body weight were also obtained, with a range value from 80.70 to 88.35 in weaning age, and from 101.86 to 118.55 in yearling age. It was found that the analyzed growth traits may be taken into consideration as selection criteria in Madura cattle.
Dr. De Vries discusses how to find the value in genomic testing – and which situations it may be valuable in – as well as how some reproductive program decisions can affect profitability.
Find the full presentation on YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnTovy_gUQA
This lecture covers the topic of techniques of artificial insemination in farm and pet animals useful for veterinary students, practitioners, and researchers.
Artificial Insemination Present Scenerio and Future Prospects by Dr J S Rajor...Jeetendra Singh Rajoriya
The first scientific research in artificial insemination of animals was performed on
dogs in 1780 by the Italian scientist, Lazzaro spallanzani.
In 1907 Ivanov reported the successful results of a series of artificial inseminations
in mares.
In india A.I. was introduced as early as 1939 by P Sampath Kumaran in mysore state at palace dairy farm.
First buffalo calf achieved by A.I. in india August 1943 at agriculture institute Allahabad.
Systemic work on A.I. was undertaken in 1944 at IVRI, izatnagar under the guidance of Dr. P. Bhattacharya.
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Dr. Paul Fricke presented this information as a webinar for DAIReXNET on Monday, April 22, 2013. For more information, please see our archived webinars page at www.extension.org/pages/15830/archived-dairy-cattle-webinars.
This is the 4th webinar in a five part series on Breeding Better Sheep & Goats. This presentation entitled "Performance Evaluation" was given by Susan Schoenian, University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist.
ESTIMATES OF HERITABILITY AND BREEDING VALUES FOR GROWTH TRAITS IN MADURA CAT...UniversitasGadjahMada
The study is aimed to estimate the heritability for growth traits at weaning and yearling age, and to determine the breeding values for body weight in Madura cattle, reared in Pamekasan Regency. One hundred and four (194) calves were collected for body weight (BW), chest circumference (CC), body length (BL), withers height (WH) at weaning and yearling age. Paternal half-sib correlation method was used for heritability estimates. As a result, the estimates of heritability for growth traits in both weaning and yearling age were categorized in medium to high. The heritability estimates for BW, CC, BL, and WH in weaning age were 0.33±0.30, 0.35±0.31, 0.66±0.37 and 0.53±0.34, respectively. In yearling age, heritability estimates for BW, CC, BL, and WH were obtained to be 0.66±0.43, 0.71±0.67, 0.38±0.58, and 0.36±0.57, respectively. The top 10 sires based on estimated breeding value for body weight were also obtained, with a range value from 80.70 to 88.35 in weaning age, and from 101.86 to 118.55 in yearling age. It was found that the analyzed growth traits may be taken into consideration as selection criteria in Madura cattle.
Dr. De Vries discusses how to find the value in genomic testing – and which situations it may be valuable in – as well as how some reproductive program decisions can affect profitability.
Find the full presentation on YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnTovy_gUQA
This lecture covers the topic of techniques of artificial insemination in farm and pet animals useful for veterinary students, practitioners, and researchers.
Artificial Insemination Present Scenerio and Future Prospects by Dr J S Rajor...Jeetendra Singh Rajoriya
The first scientific research in artificial insemination of animals was performed on
dogs in 1780 by the Italian scientist, Lazzaro spallanzani.
In 1907 Ivanov reported the successful results of a series of artificial inseminations
in mares.
In india A.I. was introduced as early as 1939 by P Sampath Kumaran in mysore state at palace dairy farm.
First buffalo calf achieved by A.I. in india August 1943 at agriculture institute Allahabad.
Systemic work on A.I. was undertaken in 1944 at IVRI, izatnagar under the guidance of Dr. P. Bhattacharya.
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Presented at a Horse SA Seminar, Murray Bridge June 2011 by Abdelsalam Talafha
DVM, Diplomate American College of Theriogenologists
School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
The University of Adelaide, SA 5371
Australia
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Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
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Technological options and approaches to improve supply of desirable animal genetic material for dairy and beef development: IPMS Experience
1. Technological options and approaches to
improve supply of desirable animal genetic
material for dairy and beef development:
IPMS Experience
Azage Tegegne and Dirk Hoekstra
Presented at the 19th Ethiopian Society of Animal
Production Annual Conference
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15-17 December 2011
2. Background
Increasing urbanization
Increasing income
Increasing demand for meat, milk and milk products – prices of
meat , milk and milk products has sky rocketed globally
Excellent pre-conditions
GoE – favourable enabling environment, GTP, AGP, LGP
Suitable agro-ecology
Large livestock population
Tradition of livestock keeping
Culture of consumption of animal products
Large labour force
Huge market opportunity, etc
3. But, hindered by
Weak AI delivery system and low pregnancy rates
Inbreeding??
High prices for improved dairy animals
About 50% - male calves in dairy system
Low level of promotion of indigenous breeds
Weak targeted technological interventions
5. Reproductive cycle
Involution/breeding season
Parturition Critical 75-90 days
Conception
Gestation
280 days
6. Some technological options
Conventional artificial insemination (AI)
Hormonal oestrus synchronization plus AI
Sexed semen
Sex fixer
Embryo transfer and sexed embryos
In-vitro fertilization plus sexed semen
7. Stages of bovine oestrous cycle
Stage Period Activity
Pro-oestrus 17-21 days Follicular growth
CL regression
Oestrus 6-30 hrs Sexual receptivity
Growth and maturity of graffian
follicles
Met-oestrus 1-3 days CL commences development
Dioestrus 4-16 days Luteal development (Progesterone)
8. What is oestrus synchronization?
Occurrence/induction of estrus in all females in a
group at the same time; or simply…
9. Natural hormones for oestrus synchronization
Prostaglandins PRID Syncromate B
Ear Implant
10. General Response to Prostaglandin:
PGF2α
• Estrus (heat): 2-5 days after treatment
• Estrus interval - heifers ~50 hours; cows ~72 hours
• Estrus response - about 60-65% of treated herd
• Pregnancy rate to AI – about 50% of responding
cows/heifers
11. Why synchronize? - Ethiopian context
To produce large number & uniform animals of desired germplasm (kick start)
To match calving with feed availability and market demand for dairy and meat and produce uniform
animals (sheep)
To control heat period and allow more accurate AI service
To improve the effectiveness and efficiency of AI service
To increase the number of marginalized/endangered breeds (eg. Fogera)
To quickly multiply breeds with specific genetic merit (eg. Sheko) and to contribute to resilience of
pastoral livestock systems – re-stocking
Possibility of avoiding milk production during fasting season
Mitigation of environmental impact of livestock through more from less
To help transform livestock extension system
12. Options to improve use of human resource for
AI services
Use of Regional/Zonal mobile teams; AI large
numbers of animals in a two weeks period through:
Community mobilization to bring animals with the
desired characteristics to a central point with good
animal handling facility
Use of hormonal synchronization and subsequent
insemination within 2-5 days of treatment
In a dairy system, use of sexed semen or sex fixer to
increase the number of female
13. Performance of existing AI system (National data;
Dessalegn et al., 2010)
One AI technician inseminates about 300 animals
per year
Pregnancy rate to first AI is about 27% = 81
calves/year
50% female = 41 calves/year
14. Mobile teams - preliminary data from Tigray
and SNNPR
Oestrus response to hormonal treatment = 90%
Two AI technicians working in as a team can
inseminate about 200 synchronized cows in a 2
week period – 100 cows/AI technician
Result of pregnancy testing - 60% (due to
increased precision and effectiveness of AI)
16. Example Ethiopia–improve calving rate and reduce
calf mortality with targeted interventions
Improved scenario
Existing situation
Total cattle population = 49 M
Male = 44.5%; Female = 55.5%
Total cattle population = 49 M Females = 27 M
Male = 44.5%; Female = 55.5% Females breed age 3-10 yrs = 35.9% = 10
M
Females = 55.5% = 27 M
Females breed age 3-10 yrs = 35.9%
= 10 M
Calving rate = 75% = 7.4 M (+30%)
Mortality = 10% = 736,398 (-10%)
Calving rate 45% = 4.4 M Surviving = 6.6 M
Male calves 50% = 3.3 M
Mortality 20% = 883,678
Surviving = 3.5 M Difference = 1.6 M more male
Male calves 50% = 1.8 M calves
1.6 M x 10,000 Birr = 1.6 Billion
Milking cows = 4.4 M
Milk yield/year = 300 litres Total Milk production = 7.4 M x
300 = 2.2 Billion litres/year
Total milk production – Difference = + 8.8 M litres/year
1.4 Billion litres/year 8.8 x 8 Birr = 70.4 Million
17. What can this synchronization and sexed semen
technology do? Eg. OARI, Oromia plan
Original plan – 5 years Modified possibility – 1
60 woredas; 3 PAs/Woreda; year
100 cows /PA Organize Zonal teams
60 x 3 x 100 = 18,000 Use hormonal synchronization
Use sexed semen or sex fixer to
cows/year increase probability of female calves
5 years x 18,000 = 90,000 to 90%
cows in 5 years 18,000 cows/zone/year; 5 Zones
18,000 cows = 200 cows per day for
70% calving rate = 63,000 three months???
calves 5 x 18,000 = 90,000 cows/year
31,500 female calves 70% calving rate = 63,000 calves
15% calf mortality = 4,725 63,000 female calves
15% calf mortality = 9,450
Result = 26,775 Result = 53,550
heifers in 5 years! heifers in one year!!
18. Assumptions on annual output of a
mobile team
Two person team
work 40 weeks in 10 villages/year (2 weeks/village)
synchronize & inseminate 200 cows/village = 2000 cows
1000 cows/AI technician
Pregnancy rate of 60% = 600 calves/AI technician
Use of sex fixer/sexed semen = 90% female
Number of female calves per AI technician = 540/year
19. Applying this to the proposed plan - Oromia
Existing plan
Sixty (60) Woredas/year involving 60 technicians
300 AI x 60 technician = 18,000 AI/year
50% pregnancy rate = 9,000 (improved performance)
50% female calves = 4,500 female calves/year
Alternative approach
This would result in:
60 technicians x 540 female calves = 32,400
calves/year (7.2 times higher)
20. Management factors affecting conception
Animal handling facility
A.I. technicians
Body condition score, health and cyclicity of cows/heifers
Semen quality and handling techniques
Heat detection accuracy and time of insemination
Heat stress
21. Just do the right thing and do it right –
No silver bullet!!
39. An old man asked by his wife to take the cows…no clue about
the cow..when asked about the cow, he says ‘let me check with
my wife first…’
School children with
no clue about the cow!!
51. Beef System – Metema, Amhara
Good export market – live animals & meat
High cattle population and large holdings
Large underutilized feed resource
Mainly highland zebu brought with settlers
Mismatch between genotype and environment
High environmental stress, particularly heat
Lower fertility and calving rate
High pre-weaning calf mortality
Slower growth rate, low market weight
Lower milk production
56. Activity and Plan
Region Dairy system Beef system
Tigray 728 cows in Mekele-Adigrat Alamata (85 done),
and Adwa-Axum-Shire milk Humera??
sheds done
SNNPR 750 cows done in Awassa- 1500 cows in South
Dilla milk shed – done Omo Zone
Amhara 27 done; 950 cows in Bahir 120 Borana done in
Dar milkshed; Chagni Ranch Metema; new plan
and Andassa Research Undecided
Centre
Oromia 150 done, 500 cows in East 1500 cows in Borana
and West Shoa Zone Zone
milksheds
57. Key lessons
Capacity building – multidisciplinary regional teams
Proper Planning – commodity development
Ensure necessary equipment and supplies for the team
and safe and efficient field operation
Leadership - team formation, clear roles and
responsibilities
Awareness creation and community mobilization
Facilities – animals handling, lab, equipment, etc
Technical, organizational & institutional arrangements
The technology is a means not an end by itself!!
Synchronization ≠ milk or meat!!!
63. Sperm sexing technology
First commercial sexed semen 1999.
Flow cytometers are used to sort
female sperm cells from the male
sperm cells.
The female (X bearing chromosome)
contains 3.8% more DNA than the
male (Y bearing chromosome).
It is this difference in DNA content
that is detected by the sensors when
the sperm cells pass by a laser beam,
one at a time in a fluid stream.
64. On average sexed semen
straw contains over 90%
female sperm cells
In dairy system, almost
doubles the number of
heifer calves produced
Sex fixer with active
constituent blocks the H-Y
antibody receptor site on
ovum; effectively blocking
chance of Y chromosome
from binding with ovum